CN111903942A - 一种银杏粉脱毒方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种银杏脱毒方法,属于食品加工领域,具体的,银杏果粉碎后加水,加入三乙醇胺,配合低温超声,通过三乙醇胺与银杏酸结合,同时作为表面活性剂形成泡沫于液体表面,最终将液体表面的银杏酸泡沫刮掉,脱毒完成。本发明提供的方法脱毒率高,操作简单,且不影响银杏本身的有效成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于银杏加工领域,具体涉及一种银杏粉的脱毒方法。
背景技术
在急诊门诊上,经常会遇到食物中毒的病人,其中一种病人是食用了过量的银杏果造成的。
银杏果,又名公孙果,银杏果含有多种营养元素,除淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、糖类之外,还含有维生素c,核黄素、胡萝卜素、钙、磷、铁、钾、镁等微量元素,以及银杏酸、白果酚、五碳多糖、脂固醇等成分。具有益肺气、治咳喘、止带浊、缩小便、平皴皱、护血管、增加血流量等食疗作用和医用效果。根据现代医学研究,银杏还具有通畅血管、改善大脑功能、延缓老年人大脑衰老、增强记忆能力、治疗老年痴呆症和脑供血不足等功效。
但是银杏果内含有有毒成分,主要是为银杏酸,能引发胃肠道不良反应,或人体过敏的情况,因此银杏一天食用量最大不超过10-15粒(个人体质不同)。
现有技术中,银杏脱毒通常使用的方法是长时间多次高温煮沸。因为银杏酸高温下稳定性下降,随着长时间高温,银杏酸降解溶于水。但是这种方法银杏酸脱毒率低,而且,长时间的高温煮沸会导致银杏中原有的有益成分变性,降低了银杏的食用价值。
发明内容
针对现有技术中,银杏粉脱毒率低的问题。本发明提供一种简单方便的银杏粉脱毒方法。
一种银杏粉脱毒方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将鲜银杏筛除坏果,去绿芽,粉碎至80-100目,得银杏粉;
(2)将银杏粉加水浸泡,加入三乙醇胺,低温超声;
(3)刮去液体表面的银杏酸泡沫层,剩余液体浓缩旋蒸剩余溶液得到脱毒银杏粉。
其中,所述的步骤(2),加水量为10-20ml/g银杏粉。
其中,所述的步骤(2)温度为30-50℃,超声时间1-2h。
其中,所述的三乙醇胺用量为10-15g/L。
其中,所述的步骤(2)中,添加氯化钙作为助剂,用量为0.5-2.5g/L。
其中,所述的超声频率为频率为15-25KHz、功率为500-1000W。
本发明中,三乙醇胺作为弱碱性表面活性剂,通过超声空化作用,在银杏粉溶液中引入气泡,三乙醇胺与银杏酸成盐,亲水端在水中,疏水端位于气泡中,银杏酸随气泡上升至液体表面,即银杏酸泡沫层。将表面的银杏酸泡沫层刮去,剩余液体浓缩旋蒸去水,便可得到脱毒银杏粉。
更多的,为了增加银杏粉表面对于三乙醇胺的吸附能力,本发明加入了氯化钙作为助剂。
本发明有益效果
本发明方法简单可操作性强,银杏粉脱毒率高。低温脱毒,不破坏银杏原有有益成分。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将1kg鲜银杏筛除坏果,去绿芽,经碾压机碾压粉碎,得80目左右的银杏粉。
将银杏粉倒入锅中,加入10L水,13g三乙醇胺,20g氯化钙,启动超声,20KHz,功率为800W。(超声后有升温情况,测量温度为34℃,无需额外加热)。
超声过程中,液体表面不断出现油状泡沫,根据泡沫量及时刮去,新生成的泡沫量不断减少,不再产生新的泡沫视为终点,共计超声时长约1.5h。
将剩余的溶液放于旋蒸仪中,旋蒸得脱毒银杏粉。
实施例2
将1kg鲜银杏筛除坏果,去绿芽,经碾压机碾压粉碎,得80目左右的银杏粉。
将银杏粉倒入锅中,加入10L水,13g三乙醇胺,启动超声,20KHz,功率为800W。(超声后有升温情况,测量温度为34℃,无需额外加热)。
超声过程中,液体表面不断出现油状泡沫,根据泡沫量及时刮去,新生成的泡沫量不断减少,不再产生新的泡沫视为终点,共计超声时长约1.5h。
将剩余的溶液放于旋蒸仪中,旋蒸得脱毒银杏粉。
对比例1
将1kg鲜银杏筛除坏果,去绿芽,经碾压机碾压粉碎,得80目左右的银杏粉。至于10L水中,加热煮沸,冷却后除水,重复两次,得脱毒银杏粉。
对比例2
将1kg鲜银杏筛除坏果,去绿芽,经碾压机碾压粉碎,得80目左右的银杏粉。
将银杏粉倒入锅中,加入10L水,13g三乙醇胺,20g氯化钙,使用桨式搅拌器搅拌,搅拌速度不宜过快,防止泡沫破裂过多。同样以不产生新泡沫视为终点,共计搅拌3h。
将剩余的溶液放于旋蒸仪中,旋蒸得脱毒银杏粉。
实施例3 脱毒效果测试
脱毒率(银杏酸检测):取实施例和对比例脱毒后的银杏果肉和为脱毒的鲜果(空白对照组),磨粉,采用HPLC检测方法,具体为:银杏粉,甲醇直接溶解,制备供试品溶液;HPLC条件:以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,0.1%三氟乙酸乙腈为流动相A,0.1%三氟乙酸水为流动相B,梯度洗脱(0~30 min,75%A→90%A;30~35 min,90%A),流速1 m L·min-1,检测波长310 nm;
银杏提取物有效成分检测:银杏提取物主要有效成分为银杏总黄酮和银杏内酯,以银杏总黄酮为检测标准,具体的,同样取实施例和对比例脱毒后的银杏果肉和为脱毒的鲜果(空白对照组),70%乙醇热回流提取得银杏提取物,采用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮含量,510nm处,测定吸收度。
脱毒率=(原始样品银杏酸含量-脱毒后银杏酸含量)/原始样品银杏酸含量;
有效成分保留率=脱毒后银杏总黄酮含量/原始样品银杏总黄酮含量
最终结果如下表:
Claims (6)
1.一种银杏粉脱毒方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将鲜银杏筛除坏果,去绿芽,粉碎至80-100目,得银杏粉;
(2)将银杏粉加水浸泡,加入三乙醇胺,低温超声;
(3)刮去液体表面的银杏酸泡沫层,剩余液体浓缩旋蒸剩余溶液得到脱毒银杏粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2),加水量为10-20ml/g银杏粉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2)温度为30-50℃,超声时间1-2h。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的三乙醇胺用量为10-15g/L。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2)中,添加氯化钙作为助剂,用量为0.5-2.5g/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的超声频率为频率为15-25KHz、功率为500-1000W。
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