CN111903853A - 一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的一种用于缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢紊乱保健颗粒及其制备方法,涉及属于畜牧养殖技术领域,其制备方法是在90℃下,将棕榈油、玉米胚芽油和医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号混合并溶解后,立即加入大豆卵磷脂、玉米甾醇、大豆异黄酮、杨梅素、烟酰胺、胆碱、维生素E、天门冬氨酸钙、硬脂酸镁搅拌混合1min,混合物通过喷雾制粒,即得缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒。其能预防产后能量代谢性疾病的发生,是一种安全、实用、方便的奶牛产后保健产品。利用本发明的组分和方法制得的保健颗粒,在围产期时,能够减轻肝功能的损伤、降低酮体的生成,降低酮病的发病率、减轻能量负平衡时导致的疾病的发生,提高奶牛的生产性能。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于畜牧养殖技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种用于缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢紊乱保健颗粒及其制备方法。
背景技术:
围产期奶牛健康对整个泌乳周期都至关重要,是奶牛饲养管理中最具挑战性的时期之一。围产期奶牛由于经历妊娠-分娩-泌乳启动等生理应激,以及低能饲喂到高能饲喂转化的应激,导致奶牛由于干物质摄入减少但能量需求增加而出现能量负平衡。能量负平衡是围产期奶牛普遍历经的一种亚健康状态,而严重的能量负平衡则极易导致奶牛酮病的发生。能量负平衡下又因常造成奶牛繁殖性能下降,影响到整个泌乳期的产奶量,甚至被迫淘汰,给奶牛场造成严重的经济损失。临床实践表明日粮中添加一定量的脂肪可以提高反刍家畜能量摄取,提高生产性能,日粮中添加棕榈油可显著提高奶牛的血糖浓度,对血清尿素氮、血清总蛋白、血清中胆固醇、甘油三酯、血钙、血磷均不产影响。然而即便在添加棕榈油的情况下奶牛能量代谢障碍性疾病发病率依然较高,是制约奶牛业健康发展的重要因素。
围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍性疾病高发的根本原因在于泌乳初期奶牛采食量低下而泌乳对能量需求高所致的机体能量负平衡,机体动员脂肪产生大量非酯化脂肪酸进入肝脏导致肝脂代谢紊乱,奶牛肝脏极低密度脂蛋白合成水平低下,清除脂肪酸水平相对低下,而单纯补充脂肪不能有效的缓解能量负平衡下的肝脂代谢障碍,最终导致围产期奶牛肝脂损伤,进而影响奶牛健康及生产。
发明内容:
为了解决技术背景存在的问题,本发明提供了一种用于缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒。
本发明的一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒,是由下列组分按质量份数配置而成:棕榈油50-70份、玉米胚芽油5-10份、大豆卵磷脂5-10份、玉米甾醇3-8份、大豆异黄酮1-5份、杨梅素1-5份、烟酰胺1-5份、胆碱1-5份、维生素E 0.5-2.0份、天门冬氨酸钙1-5份、硬脂酸镁0.5-2份,医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号1-5份。
作为本发明的进一步改进,是由下列组分按质量份数配置而成:棕榈油63份、玉米胚芽油7份、大豆卵磷脂8份、玉米甾醇5份、大豆异黄酮3份、杨梅素2份、烟酰胺3份、胆碱3份、维生素E1份、天门冬氨酸钙2份、硬脂酸镁1份,医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号2份。
制备上述的一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒的方法,具体操作方法如下:
在90℃下,将棕榈油、玉米胚芽油和医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号混合并溶解后,立即加入大豆卵磷脂、玉米甾醇、大豆异黄酮、杨梅素、烟酰胺、胆碱、维生素E、天门冬氨酸钙、硬脂酸镁搅拌混合1min,混合物通过喷雾制粒,即得缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒。
上述的一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒的饲喂方法,如下:上述保健颗粒按照20g/天/头含量混于基础饲料中,对产后奶牛连续饲喂7天,即可有效缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍。
上述组分中,其中:
棕榈油和玉米胚芽油可以增加反刍动物的能量、脂肪及蛋白质含量,补充母牛泌乳初期的能量需求;
大豆卵磷脂主要成分为PC(磷脂酰胆碱),其有机胆碱成分经代谢后可以释放胆碱,从而增加血液中胆碱水平;并且其在代谢过程中可产生部分必须脂肪酸,为机体提供营养物质,同时有助于动物对油脂和脂溶性维生素的消化吸收;
大豆卵磷脂、植物甾醇、大豆异黄酮有利于缓解育肥初期高精料所致肝脂代谢紊乱,同时减轻育肥初期亚急性瘤胃酸中毒血液异常代谢物对肝脏的损伤;
杨梅素、烟酰胺、胆碱有利于改善肝脂代谢,缓解围产期奶牛氧化应激状态;
维生素E有利于缓解育肥后期的机体亚健康状态;
天门冬氨酸钙可提高泌乳初期母牛体内钙含量的缺失,增强其身体健康状况;
硬脂酸镁和医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号,有利于制粒;
硬脂酸镁,在体内主要是起到润滑的作用,可以加快肠胃的蠕动功能,提高消化能力,能提高食欲。
其中,棕榈油为益海粮油工业有限公司生产;玉米胚芽油为西王集团生产;医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号为西安天正药用辅料有限公司生产;杨梅素为郑州仟航生物科技有限公司生产;大豆卵磷脂、玉米甾醇、大豆异黄酮、烟酰胺、胆碱、维生素E、天门冬氨酸钙和硬脂酸镁均为浙江一诺生物科技有限公司。
所述的基础饲料是泌乳奶牛正常饲料,主要包括玉米青储、羊草、大麦、小麦、豆粕等成分,其为现有技术,在此不做过多的赘述。
喷雾干燥操作时,选用上海乔枫实业有限公司生产的喷雾干燥机,喷出的颗粒直径在1.2-1.5mm之间。
本发明提供了一种适用于围产期奶牛的保健颗粒以缓解奶牛能量负平衡,预防产后能量代谢性疾病的发生,是一种安全、实用、方便的奶牛产后保健产品。利用本发明的组分和方法制得的保健颗粒,在围产期时,能够减轻肝功能的损伤、降低酮体的生成,降低酮病的发病率、减轻能量负平衡时导致的疾病的发生,提高奶牛的生产性能。
具体实施方式:
实施例1
一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒,是由下列组分按质量份数配置而成:棕榈油50份、玉米胚芽油5份、大豆卵磷脂5份、玉米甾醇3份、大豆异黄酮1份、杨梅素1份、烟酰胺1份、胆碱1份、维生素E 0.5份、天门冬氨酸钙1份、硬脂酸镁0.5份,医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号1份。
制备一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒的方法,具体操作方法如下:
在90℃下,将棕榈油、玉米胚芽油和医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号混合并溶解后,立即加入大豆卵磷脂、玉米甾醇、大豆异黄酮、杨梅素、烟酰胺、胆碱、维生素E、天门冬氨酸钙、硬脂酸镁搅拌混合1min,混合物通过喷雾制粒,即得缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒。
一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒的饲喂方法,如下:本发明的保健颗粒按照20g/天/头含量混于基础饲料中,对产后奶牛连续饲喂7天,即可有效缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍。
其中,基础饲料为泌乳奶牛正常饲料,主要包括玉米青储、羊草、大麦、小麦、豆粕等成分,其为现有技术,在此不做过多的赘述。
喷雾干燥操作时,选用上海乔枫实业有限公司生产的喷雾干燥机,喷出的颗粒直径在1.2-1.5mm之间。
实施例2
一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒,是由下列组分按质量份数配置而成:棕榈油70份、玉米胚芽油10份、大豆卵磷脂10份、玉米甾醇8份、大豆异黄酮5份、杨梅素5份、烟酰胺5份、胆碱5份、维生素E 2.0份、天门冬氨酸钙5份、硬脂酸镁2份,医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号5份。
制备一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒的方法,具体操作方法如下:
在90℃下,将棕榈油、玉米胚芽油和医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号混合并溶解后,立即加入大豆卵磷脂、玉米甾醇、大豆异黄酮、杨梅素、烟酰胺、胆碱、维生素E、天门冬氨酸钙、硬脂酸镁搅拌混合1min,混合物通过喷雾制粒,即得缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒。
一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒的饲喂方法,如下:本发明的保健颗粒按照20g/天/头含量混于基础饲料中,对产后奶牛连续饲喂7天,即可有效缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍。
其中,基础饲料为泌乳奶牛正常饲料,主要包括玉米青储、羊草、大麦、小麦、豆粕等成分,其为现有技术,在此不做过多的赘述。
喷雾干燥操作时,选用上海乔枫实业有限公司生产的喷雾干燥机,喷出的颗粒直径在1.2-1.5mm之间。
实施例3
一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒,是由下列组分按质量份数配置而成:棕榈油63份、玉米胚芽油7份、大豆卵磷脂8份、玉米甾醇5份、大豆异黄酮3份、杨梅素2份、烟酰胺3份、胆碱3份、维生素E1份、天门冬氨酸钙2份、硬脂酸镁1份,医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号2份。
制备一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒的方法,具体操作方法如下:
在90℃下,将棕榈油、玉米胚芽油和医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号混合并溶解后,立即加入大豆卵磷脂、玉米甾醇、大豆异黄酮、杨梅素、烟酰胺、胆碱、维生素E、天门冬氨酸钙、硬脂酸镁搅拌混合1min,混合物通过喷雾制粒,即得缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒。
一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒的饲喂方法,如下:本发明的保健颗粒按照20g/天/头含量混于基础饲料中,对产后奶牛连续饲喂7天,即可有效缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍。
其中,基础饲料为泌乳奶牛正常饲料,主要包括玉米青储、羊草、大麦、小麦、豆粕等成分,其为现有技术,在此不做过多的赘述。
喷雾干燥操作时,选用上海乔枫实业有限公司生产的喷雾干燥机,喷出的颗粒直径在1.2-1.5mm之间。
产品性能饲喂试验
为了验证本发明制备保健颗粒的产品性能,利用实施例3的组分和方法制备而成的保健颗粒,进行饲喂试验,具体实施情况如下:
1.试验动物与饲喂
在某集约化千头牧场,按照年龄、体况、胎次相近的原则,选择预产期相近的健康奶牛28头,其中试验组14头,对照组14头;试验组对照组奶牛产前产后均按照NRC饲养标准正常饲喂。其中试验组奶牛分泌后每天饲喂含有本发明的保健颗粒的日粮(20g/天/头),连续饲喂7天,对照组奶牛饲喂基础日粮。
2.样品采集与检测
试验组和对照组分别于分娩后0d、3d、7d采集尾根静脉采血10ml,室温4000rpm/min离心10min分离血清,使用生化分析仪检测血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、白球比(A/G)、葡萄糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、β-羟丁酸(BHBA)、非酯化脂肪酸NEFA)、尿素氮(UREA)、肌酐(CREA)的含量。同时跟踪采集检测奶牛产后14、21天血液检测BHBA含量评价酮病发病率。
3.数据处理
使用spass20.0数据处理软件进行数据分析,结果以“平均值±标准差”表示。
4.试验结果
添加保健颗粒对奶牛血清中肝功能指标的影响见表1,在产后7d时,与对照组相比,试验组的AST有显著低下,A/G的含量有显著升高;但两组中的GGT、TP、ALB的含量无差异。
表1保健颗粒对奶牛肝功的影响
附注:*(p<0.05)表示差异显著。
添加保健颗粒对奶牛血清中血脂指标的影响见表2,与对照组相比,试验组奶牛产后3、7天血液总胆固醇显著高于对照组,产后7天血液NEFA水平显著低于对照组。
表2保健颗粒对奶牛血脂及能量指标的影响
附注:*(p<0.05)表示差异显著。
添加保健颗粒对奶牛血清中肾功能指标的影响见表3,试验期间两组奶牛血液Urea和CREA差异不显著。
表3保健颗粒对奶牛血清中肾功能指标影响
附注:*(p<0.05)表示差异显著。
跟踪采集检测奶牛产后14、21天血液BHBA评价酮病发病率,结果显示跟踪期间试验组2头奶牛发生酮病,酮病发病率14.3%;对照组5头奶牛发生酮病,酮病发病率35.7%。
5.试验结果分析
通过以上指标结果可以看出,试验组奶牛血液AST显著低下,说明在围产期时,添加保健颗粒会减轻肝功能的损伤。并且试验组的NEFA和酮病发病率相对于对照组明显的降低,表明在围产期奶牛饲喂时,添加保健颗粒会降低酮体的生成,降低酮病的发病率。表明本保健颗粒能有效缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍,减轻能量负平衡时导致的疾病的发生,提高奶牛的生产性能。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施例,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下,还可以做出若干修饰和改进,这些修饰和改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒,其特征在于,是由下列组分按质量份数配置而成:棕榈油50-70份、玉米胚芽油5-10份、大豆卵磷脂5-10份、玉米甾醇3-8份、大豆异黄酮1-5份、杨梅素1-5份、烟酰胺1-5份、胆碱1-5份、维生素E 0.5-2.0份、天门冬氨酸钙1-5份、硬脂酸镁0.5-2份,医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒,其特征在于,是由下列组分按质量份数配置而成:棕榈油63份、玉米胚芽油7份、大豆卵磷脂8份、玉米甾醇5份、大豆异黄酮3份、杨梅素2份、烟酰胺3份、胆碱3份、维生素E1份、天门冬氨酸钙2份、硬脂酸镁1份,医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号2份。
3.制备权利要求1所述的一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒的方法,具体操作方法如下:
在90℃下,将棕榈油、玉米胚芽油和医用胃溶型聚丙烯酸树脂4号混合并溶解后,立即加入大豆卵磷脂、玉米甾醇、大豆异黄酮、杨梅素、烟酰胺、胆碱、维生素E、天门冬氨酸钙、硬脂酸镁搅拌混合1min,混合物通过喷雾制粒,即得缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍保健颗粒的饲喂方法,如下:本发明的保健颗粒按照20g/天/头含量混于基础饲料中,对产后奶牛连续饲喂7天,即可有效缓解围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍。
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