CN111900215A - 一种单行载流子光电探测器及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种单行载流子光电探测器及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN111900215A
CN111900215A CN202010614270.7A CN202010614270A CN111900215A CN 111900215 A CN111900215 A CN 111900215A CN 202010614270 A CN202010614270 A CN 202010614270A CN 111900215 A CN111900215 A CN 111900215A
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李冠宇
牛斌
吴立枢
戴家赟
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CETC 55 Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种单行载流子光电探测器及其制作方法,光电探测器包括金刚石衬底、金属反射层、有源层和电极,金属反射层作为探测器的N型电极;制作方法包括:在InP衬底上生长外延层;将临时载片与InP片键合;去除InP衬底;在N‑InP次集结层上蒸发金属Ti/Pt/Au,在金刚石衬底上蒸发金属In,将探测器有源层转移至金刚石衬底上;去除临时载片;在P‑InGaAs接触层上形成P电极;腐蚀外延层,刻蚀金属反射层;沉积SiNx,通过刻蚀在P型电极和N型电极上形成窗口;溅射WTi,制作Au电极,以Au电极为掩膜,刻蚀WTi,得到UTC‑PD。本发明具有高散热能力、大带宽、高响应度以及高饱和输出功率的优点。

Description

一种单行载流子光电探测器及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体器件领域,尤其涉及一种单行载流子光电探测器及其制作方法。
背景技术
光电探测器能够实现光信号至电信号的转换,在微波光子雷达、激光雷达以及光通信等领域中具有十分广阔的应用前景。带宽、响应度和饱和输出功率等是光电探测器的几个重要性能指标。传统的PIN光电探测器由于受到空间电荷效应的影响,难以同时实现大带宽和高饱和输出功率。单行载流子光电探测器(UTC-PD)通过对光吸收区进行轻微P型掺杂,使得参与传输的载流子仅剩电子一种。由于电子质量轻、漂移速度快,空间电荷积聚效应得以极大缓解,从而有效提升了UTC-PD在高速下的饱和输出功率。
随着UTC-PD输出功率的提升,器件温度不断增加。当温度增大到一定程度时,器件会发生热失效。所以对于UTC-PD而言,优异的散热能力是进一步提升其饱和输出功率的关键因素。由于InP衬底的热导率仅为68W/(K·m),因此需要用热导率更高的材料代替InP衬底。另外对于面入射型UTC-PD来说,其带宽和响应度相互制约的问题也需要解决。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种单行载流子光电探测器及其制作方法,使得光电探测器同时具有大带宽、高响应和高饱和输出功率的优点,以克服现有技术中的不足。
实现本发明目的的技术方案为:一种单行载流子光电探测器,包括衬底、金属反射层、有源层和电极,所述衬底为金刚石,所述金属反射层同时作为探测器的N型电极。
进一步的,所述金属反射层为金属Ti/Pt/Au/In。
进一步的,所述有源层从下至上依次包括:N-InP次集结层、N-InGaAs蚀刻停止层、N-InP集结层、i-InGaAsP势垒层、P-InGaAs吸收层、P-InP阻挡层和P-InGaAs接触层。
进一步的,所述电极包括与P-InGaAs接触层连接的P型Ti/Pt/Au电极、与N-InP次集结层连接的N型Ti/Pt/Au/In电极、以及与P型电极和N型电极相连接的Au电极。
进一步的,所述有源层上形成有SiNx增透膜。
进一步的,所述Au电极下面有一层金属WTi,所述Au电极的厚度为500nm~2000nm,所述WTi的厚度为100nm~500nm。
本发明还提供一种单行载流子光电探测器的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、在InP衬底上生长一层InP缓冲层;
S2、在所述InP缓冲层上生长一层InGaAsP腐蚀停止层;
S3、在所述InGaAsP腐蚀停止层上生长探测器有源层;
S4、将临时载片与InP片通过高温蜡键合在一起;
S5、采用减薄、腐蚀工艺去除InP衬底,采用腐蚀工艺去除InGaAsP腐蚀停止层;
S6、在N-InP次集结层上蒸发金属Ti/Pt/Au,在金刚石衬底上蒸发金属In,通过Au-In键合将探测器有源层转移至金刚石衬底上;
S7、加热使高温蜡熔融,去除临时载片,用甲苯和丙酮溶液去除残存的高温蜡;
S8、在P-InGaAs接触层上制备P型Ti/Pt/Au电极;
S9、腐蚀探测器有源层,刻蚀N型电极Ti/Pt/Au/In;
S10、沉积SiNx,通过刻蚀在电极上形成窗口;
S11、溅射WTi,制作Au电极,以Au电极为掩膜,刻蚀WTi。
进一步的,所述步骤S3中,有源层从下至上依次包括:N-InP次集结层、N-InGaAs蚀刻停止层、N-InP集结层、i-InGaAsP势垒层、P-InGaAs吸收层、P-InP阻挡层和P-InGaAs接触层。
进一步的,所述步骤S4中,临时载片为蓝宝石,高温蜡的键合温度为200℃,键合压力为2bar;所述步骤S6中,Au-In键合的键合温度为150℃,键合压力为100N;所述步骤S7中,高温蜡的加热熔融温度为250℃。
所述步骤S11中,WTi的厚度为100nm~500nm,Au电极的厚度为500nm~2000nm。
进一步的,所述步骤S5中,InP衬底减薄后,采用H3PO4和HCl混合溶液腐蚀剩余的InP衬底,采用H3PO4、H2O2和H2O混合溶液腐蚀InGaAsP腐蚀停止层;
进一步的,所述步骤S9具体为:采用光刻技术,以光刻胶为掩膜,腐蚀探测器有源层,之后清洗去除光刻胶;对有源层进行二次光刻,以光刻胶为掩膜,刻蚀N型电极Ti/Pt/Au/In。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:本发明采用高热导率的金刚石作为器件衬底能够大幅提升UTC-PD的散热能力,从而进一步提升其饱和输出功率;N型电极同时作为金属反射层,能对入射光进行反射,使得探测器吸收层对入射光进行二次探测,从而保证探测器在提升带宽的同时还具有高响应度。
附图说明
图1是本发明中单行载流子光电探测器的结构示意图。
图2是在InP衬底上生长的外延层结构图。
图3是单行载流子光电探测器有源层的结构图。
图4是单行载流子光电探测器制作方法中步骤4的结构图。
图5是单行载流子光电探测器制作方法中步骤7的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行详细的描述。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种单行载流子光电探测器,结构如图1所示,包括金刚石衬底、金属反射层、有源层和电极。金刚石具有极高的热导率,约为2000W/(K·m)。由金刚石作为探测器衬底能够大幅提升UTC-PD的散热能力,从而进一步提升其饱和输出功率。金属反射层能对入射光进行反射,使得探测器吸收层对入射光进行二次探测,从而保证探测器在提升带宽的同时还具有高响应度。
金属反射层为金属Ti/Pt/Au/In,所述金属反射层同时作为N型电极。
有源层从下至上依次包括:N-InP次集结层、N-InGaAs蚀刻停止层、N-InP集结层、i-InGaAsP势垒层、P-InGaAs吸收层、P-InP阻挡层和P-InGaAs接触层。
电极包括与P-InGaAs接触层连接的P型Ti/Pt/Au电极、与N-InP次集结层连接的N型Ti/Pt/Au/In电极、以及与P型电极和N型电极相连接的Au电极。
所述探测器有源层上形成有SiNx增透膜。
所述Au电极下面有一层金属WTi,所述Au电极的厚度为500nm~2000nm,所述WTi的厚度为100nm~500nm。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种单行载流子光电探测器的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、如图2所示,在InP衬底上依次生长InP缓冲层,InGaAsP腐蚀停止层和探测器有源层,所述探测器有源层如图3所示,从下至上依次包括:N-InP次集结层、N-InGaAs蚀刻停止层、N-InP集结层、i-InGaAsP势垒层、P-InGaAs吸收层、P-InP阻挡层和P-InGaAs接触层;
步骤2、以蓝宝石为临时载片,利用高温蜡将蓝宝石与InP外延片键合起来,键合温度为200℃,键合压力为2bar;
步骤3、采用减薄工艺去除大部分的InP衬底,剩余的InP衬底由H3PO4和HCl混合溶液腐蚀去除,该混合溶液与腐蚀停止层InGaAsP几乎没有反应。去除InP衬底后,利用H3PO4、H2O2和H2O混合溶液腐蚀掉InGaAsP腐蚀停止层;
步骤4、如图4所示,在N-InP次集结层上蒸发金属Ti/Pt/Au,在金刚石衬底上蒸发金属In,通过Au-In低温键合将探测器有源层转移至金刚石衬底上。金属Ti/Pt/Au/In既是N型电极,又作为探测器的金属反射层。其中Au-In键合的键合温度为150℃,键合压力为100N;
步骤5、将键合片加热至250℃使高温蜡熔融,去除临时载片蓝宝石,之后用甲苯和丙酮溶液去除残存的高温蜡;
步骤6、在P-InGaAs接触层上制备P型Ti/Pt/Au电极;
步骤7、结合图5所示,采用光刻技术,以光刻胶为掩膜,湿法腐蚀探测器有源层,之后清洗去除光刻胶;对有源层进行二次光刻,以光刻胶为掩膜,刻蚀N型电极Ti/Pt/Au/In;
步骤8、沉积增透膜SiNx,通过干法刻蚀在P型电极和N型电极上形成窗口;
步骤9、结合图1所示,溅射金属WTi,利用光刻、蒸发和剥离工艺制作Au电极,以Au电极为掩膜,刻蚀WTi。在步骤7中,由于采用湿法腐蚀工艺去除探测器有源层,导致台阶侧壁不是特别连续。而WTi具有出色的延展性,可有效附着在不连续侧壁上而不发生断裂。因此先溅射金属WTi再制作Au电极,能够有利于Au电极在侧壁上的爬坡以及衬底上Au电极与P型电极和N型电极的最终导通。

Claims (10)

1.一种单行载流子光电探测器,其特征在于,包括衬底、金属反射层、有源层和电极,所述衬底为金刚石,所述金属反射层同时作为探测器的N型电极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单行载流子光电探测器,其特征在于,所述金属反射层为金属Ti/Pt/Au/In。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的单行载流子光电探测器,其特征在于,所述有源层从下至上依次包括:N-InP次集结层、N-InGaAs蚀刻停止层、N-InP集结层、i-InGaAsP势垒层、P-InGaAs吸收层、P-InP阻挡层和P-InGaAs接触层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的单行载流子光电探测器,其特征在于,所述电极包括与P-InGaAs接触层连接的P型Ti/Pt/Au电极、与N-InP次集结层连接的N型Ti/Pt/Au/In电极、以及与P型电极和N型电极相连接的Au电极。
5.根据权利要求4所述的单行载流子光电探测器,其特征在于,所述有源层上形成有SiNx增透膜。
6.根据权利要求4所述的单行载流子光电探测器,其特征在于,所述Au电极下面有一层金属WTi,所述Au电极的厚度为500nm~2000nm,所述WTi的厚度为100nm~500nm。
7.一种单行载流子光电探测器的制作方法,其特征在于,包括:
S1、在InP衬底上生长一层InP缓冲层;
S2、在所述InP缓冲层上生长一层InGaAsP腐蚀停止层;
S3、在所述InGaAsP腐蚀停止层上生长探测器有源层;
S4、将临时载片与InP片通过高温蜡键合在一起;
S5、采用减薄、腐蚀工艺去除InP衬底,采用腐蚀工艺去除InGaAsP腐蚀停止层;
S6、在N-InP次集结层上蒸发金属Ti/Pt/Au,在金刚石衬底上蒸发金属In,通过Au-In键合将探测器有源层转移至金刚石衬底上;
S7、加热使高温蜡熔融,去除临时载片,用甲苯和丙酮溶液去除残存的高温蜡;
S8、在P-InGaAs接触层上制备P型Ti/Pt/Au电极;
S9、腐蚀探测器有源层,刻蚀N型电极Ti/Pt/Au/In;
S10、沉积SiNx,通过刻蚀在电极上形成窗口;
S11、溅射WTi,制作Au电极,以Au电极为掩膜,刻蚀WTi。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中,有源层从下至上依次包括:N-InP次集结层、N-InGaAs蚀刻停止层、N-InP集结层、i-InGaAsP势垒层、P-InGaAs吸收层、P-InP阻挡层和P-InGaAs接触层。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中,临时载片为蓝宝石,高温蜡的键合温度为200℃,键合压力为2bar;
所述步骤S6中,Au-In键合的键合温度为150℃,键合压力为100N;
所述步骤s7中,高温蜡的加热熔融温度为250℃。
所述步骤S11中,WTi的厚度为100nm~500nm,Au电极的厚度为500nm~2000nm。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S5中,InP衬底减薄后,采用H3PO4和HCl混合溶液腐蚀剩余的InP衬底,采用H3PO4、H2O2和H2O混合溶液腐蚀InGaAsP腐蚀停止层;
所述步骤S9具体为:采用光刻技术,以光刻胶为掩膜,腐蚀探测器有源层,之后清洗去除光刻胶;对有源层进行二次光刻,以光刻胶为掩膜,刻蚀N型电极Ti/Pt/Au/In。
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