CN111896437A - Indoor simulation device for measuring movement rate of micro-plastic in water body - Google Patents
Indoor simulation device for measuring movement rate of micro-plastic in water body Download PDFInfo
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- CN111896437A CN111896437A CN202010676322.3A CN202010676322A CN111896437A CN 111896437 A CN111896437 A CN 111896437A CN 202010676322 A CN202010676322 A CN 202010676322A CN 111896437 A CN111896437 A CN 111896437A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
Abstract
The invention discloses an indoor simulation device for measuring the movement rate of micro-plastic in a water body, which comprises: the device comprises a flow making groove, a driving water pump array, a pump control system, a wave making blade, a steering motor, a flow velocity meter, a sample introduction ball valve, a plurality of fluorescent probes, a fluorometer, a data recorder and a control system; the invention has simple structure and convenient arrangement, can adjust and change the measuring device according to the actual measuring condition, realizes the detection of data of a plurality of groups of different items, and does not need to replace a detecting instrument; meanwhile, the micro plastic is dyed by adopting a fluorescence detection means, the movement speed of the micro plastic is accurately detected by detecting the fluorescence intensity of different positions, the manual error is reduced, and the detection precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water environments. More specifically, the invention relates to an indoor simulation device for measuring the movement rate of micro-plastics in a water body.
Background
Micro-plastic contamination has become a global environmental concern. As a particle pollutant which is insoluble in water, the density, the shape and other physical properties of the micro plastic are greatly different from those of particles such as silt, about half of the micro plastic has a density smaller than that of fresh water, and most of the micro plastic has a density close to that of the fresh water, so that the transportation process of the micro plastic is very sensitive to changes of hydrological conditions. In some rivers with large flow variations, the hydrologic process largely determines the accumulation and migration of micro-plastics in the river. In order to quantitatively research and simulate the transportation process of the micro-plastic in the water body, researchers construct different models according to the behavior characteristics of the micro-plastic and the hydrodynamic conditions of hydrology. The sedimentation velocity, the critical shear stress and the like in the sedimentation control equation of the transportation model are key parameters for simulating and representing the migration and diffusion of the micro-plastic in the natural water body, and the micro-plastic is used. The shape of the material particles is irregular, and the determination of the parameters is mainly established on the basis of sufficient experimental observation;
the settling rate of a micro-plastic is not only influenced by the type, density and size of the micro-plastic, but the shape has a very large influence on the settling rate. The existing sedimentation rate detection model of the micro-plastic is carried out by adopting a sedimentation column device, and then the moving time of a single particle is recorded by a stopwatch; the efficiency is low, and the error is large; the migration rate is usually detected by a large-scale test water tank, and because the micro plastic particles are small, when a large number of micro plastic particles move in the water tank at the same time, the migration rate is difficult to measure by tools such as a ruler, a stopwatch and the like; meanwhile, the sedimentation rate of the micro plastic particles with various particle sizes, shapes and materials in a flowing water state cannot be measured simultaneously, and the sedimentation rate of different types of micro plastic particles can be compared under the same environmental condition.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide an indoor simulation device for measuring the movement rate of the micro-plastic in the water body, which has simple structure and convenient arrangement, can adjust and change the measuring device according to the actual measuring condition, realizes the detection of a plurality of groups of different project data, and does not need to replace a detecting instrument; the method has the advantages that the micro plastic is dyed by adopting a fluorescence detection means, the movement speed of the micro plastic is accurately detected by detecting the fluorescence intensity of the micro plastic, the manual error is reduced, and the detection precision is improved.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided an indoor simulation apparatus for measuring a movement rate of micro plastic in a water body, comprising:
the flow making system comprises a flow making groove, a driving water pump array arranged in the flow making groove, a pump control system in driving connection with the driving water pump array, a wave making blade arranged at the downstream of the driving water pump array, a steering motor in driving connection with the wave making blade, and a flow velocity meter arranged at the downstream of the wave making blade;
the sampling ball valve is arranged at the downstream of the wave making blade and is close to the lower part of one outer side wall of the wave making groove, a valve port of the sampling ball valve is communicated with the side wall of the wave making groove, and a sampling pipeline of the sampling ball valve is obliquely and rotatably arranged;
the detection system comprises a plurality of fluorescence probes arranged on the other side wall of the flow making groove, a fluorescence instrument in communication connection with the fluorescence probes, and a data recorder in communication connection with the fluorescence instrument; wherein the fluorescent probes are uniformly arranged at intervals;
and the control system is electrically connected with the flow meter, the data recorder, the pump control system and the steering motor.
Preferably, the flow making groove is an annular groove, a rectangular water groove or an irregular water groove, and the irregular water groove is obtained by refitting according to special experiment requirements.
Preferably, the flow-making groove is annular, and has an inner diameter of 300mm, an outer diameter of 500mm and a height of 400 mm.
Preferably, a vertical water permeable bolting silk is arranged at the downstream of the detection system and along the cross section of the flow making groove, and the aperture of the water permeable bolting silk is 10 microns.
Preferably, circular pits with uniform intervals are vertically arranged on the water-permeable bolting silk, and the pit mouths of the circular pits are opposite to the flow direction of water flow so as to receive micro plastic in water.
Preferably, an energy dissipation section is further arranged in the flow making groove, the energy dissipation section is arranged at the downstream of the detection system, and the energy dissipation section comprises an arc-shaped energy dissipation plate horizontally arranged at the bottom of the flow making groove and a plurality of anti-backflow blocks arranged on the arc-shaped energy dissipation plate; one edge of the arc energy dissipation plate, which is far away from the detection system, is turned upwards along the water flow direction to form an arc; the anti-backflow block is of a wedge-shaped structure, one square side face of the anti-backflow block is bent to form an arc-shaped concave face, the arc-shaped concave face is opposite to an arc formed by upward turning of the arc-shaped energy dissipation plate, and the width of the anti-backflow block is smaller than the width of the flow making groove.
Preferably, the bottom of the flow making groove is provided with a detachable false bottom.
Preferably, the flow making system is arranged on a support, the lower bottom surface of the support is provided with more than 4 symmetrically distributed supporting legs, and the supporting legs are of a lifting structure.
Preferably, the outer wall of the side wall of the flow making groove provided with the fluorescent probe is provided with a coordinate system scale.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the sedimentation rate of the micro-plastic with various materials, particles and particle sizes can be measured simultaneously, the movement rate conditions of the micro-plastic with different characteristics can be compared under the uniform environmental condition, and the micro-plastic is closer to a micro-plastic migration model in a natural state;
secondly, circular pits with uniform intervals are vertically arranged on the permeable bolting silk, so that the distribution conditions of different types of micro-plastics in different depths of a water body can be obtained within the same time, more accurate sedimentation rate can be obtained, and individual errors among different particles of the same type of micro-plastics can be avoided;
thirdly, set up the coordinate system scale through the lateral wall at the pond of making a class, adopt the detachable mode to carry out rational arrangement to fluorescence probe for the device can detect the different motion state of little plastics, including settling rate, initial rate of movement and migration rate, need not measure with changing a plurality of devices, has made things convenient for the research of scientific research worker to the model research of little plastics pollution distribution condition.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an indoor simulation device for measuring the movement rate of micro-plastics in a water body according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample injection ball valve according to one embodiment of the present invention;
figure 3 is a front view of the energy dissipating section according to one embodiment of the present invention;
figure 4 is a side view of the energy dissipating section according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the present invention provides an indoor simulation device for measuring the movement rate of micro-plastic in a water body, comprising:
the flow making system comprises a flow making groove 1, a driving water pump array 2 arranged in the flow making groove 1, a pump control system in driving connection with the driving water pump array 2, a wave making blade 3 arranged at the downstream of the driving water pump array 2, a steering motor in driving connection with the wave making blade 3, and a flow velocity meter 4 arranged at the downstream of the wave making blade 3; the flow meter 4 is divided into two directions, including a water flow direction and a vertical direction, and is used for detecting the water flow speed and the wave height;
the flow making groove 1 can be an annular groove, a rectangular water groove or an irregular water groove, and the irregular water groove is obtained by refitting according to special experiment requirements;
in the technical scheme, the water flow can be a square groove body, the water flow flows from one end of the square groove body to the other end, a driving water pump array 2 is arranged at one end of a flow making groove 1, and the driving water pump array 2 is used as a flow making device for making flow, so that a water body flows to generate flow speed;
the driving water pump array 2 can be specifically a lattice net rack, a flow-making pump is arranged on each net rack node, and the plurality of flow-making pumps control the operation speed through a pump control system, so that water flows under the driving force to generate the flow speed, and the flow speed can be adjusted to simulate the water flow in the natural environment;
the wave making blades 3 are arranged on a wave making frame, the wave making frame is positioned at the downstream of the driving water pump array 2 and is vertically and fixedly connected with the side wall of the flow making groove 1, the wave making blades 3 are a plurality of square plate bodies which are horizontally arranged on the wave making frame and are uniformly arranged in a vertical direction at intervals, and the wave making blades 3 control the rotating angle through a steering motor to obtain wave shapes with different heights and different frequencies so as to simulate the marine environment;
the sample injection ball valve 7 is arranged at the downstream of the wave making blade 3 and is close to the lower part of one outer side wall of the flow making groove 1, a valve port of the sample injection ball valve 7 is communicated with the side wall of the flow making groove 1, and a sample injection pipeline of the sample injection ball valve 7 is obliquely and rotatably arranged;
the valve core of the sample injection ball valve 7 can rotate, the middle part of the valve core is hollow, the valve core rotates and is divided into a connecting atmosphere and a flow making groove 1,
the detection system comprises a plurality of fluorescence probes 501 arranged on the other side wall of the flow cell 1, a fluorescence instrument 502 in communication connection with the fluorescence probes 501, and a data recorder 503 in communication connection with the fluorescence instrument 502; the fluorescent probes 501 are uniformly arranged at intervals, wherein small suckers are arranged on the fluorescent probes 501 and fixed on the side wall of the launder 1 through the suckers to realize detachable connection;
and the control system 6 is electrically connected with the flow meter 4, the data recorder 503, the pump control system and the steering motor.
In the technical scheme, the specific using process is as follows:
preparing: placing the probe in the dyed micro plastic particle liquid with different concentrations and measuring the fluorescence intensity to obtain a standard curve of the fluorescence intensity-the micro plastic concentration; in the experiment, the density of the micro plastic particles in the water body can be calculated by measuring the fluorescence intensity at the probe; the dye is nile red;
measuring the starting flow rate:
before the test is started, the gradient of the water tank is adjusted, and distilled water is injected into the water tank until the test water depth is reached; arranging a fluorescence probe 501 of a fluorescence instrument 502 in a strip shape at the positions of water depth of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 meter respectively; the probe contacts the water surface and keeps the horizontal direction vertical to the water flow direction; the excitation wavelength corresponding to the fluorescent probe 501 is 485nm, the emission wavelength is 580nm, and the fluorescent probe is connected with a data recorder 503 through a signal cable, the data recorder 503 can provide functions of power supply, time setting, data storage and the like, the data recorder 503 is connected with a control system 6 through an interface, and the control system 6 is a computer; for varying experimental conditions, data derivation and analysis;
after the flow making groove 1 is started, the sample injection ball valve 7 is rotated to inject a sample, and after the micro plastic enters the flow making groove 1, the computer controls the pump control system to enable the flow rate of the water body to gradually increase from 0; when the flow rate is lower than the starting flow rate of the micro-plastic, the micro-plastic particles on the bed surface are basically fixed except for the flow of a few micro-particles, and the number of the particles which move in a suspension manner above the bed surface is also basically 0; when the water flow speed reaches and exceeds the micro plastic critical starting flow speed, the micro plastic particles roll along the bed surface or do upward movement; at the moment, the micro plastic particles near the bed surface begin to suspend and rise, and the flow rate and the time are monitored; the water flow speed is further increased, a large amount of micro plastic particles are suspended and raised, and the number of light spots of the fluorescent particles is increased rapidly; the change conditions of the fluorescence intensity at different depths above the bed surface are statistically analyzed, including the moving distance and the change time, so that whether the micro plastic particles start or not can be judged, and the critical starting flow rate of the micro plastic and the distribution condition of the suspended micro plastic are obtained;
measuring the migration rate:
before the test is started, the gradient of the water tank is adjusted, and distilled water is injected into the water tank until the test water depth is reached; arranging a fluorescence probe 501 of a fluorescence instrument 502 at the positions of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.1 and 1.5 meters in the length direction by taking a sample injection position as a starting point along the water flow direction; the height can adopt the best experimental result obtained by measuring the starting flow rate; the probe contacts the water surface and keeps the horizontal direction vertical to the water flow direction; the excitation wavelength and the emission wavelength corresponding to the fluorescent probe 501 are the same as those of the fluorescent probe, and are connected with the data recorder 503 through a signal cable, the data recorder 503 can provide functions of power supply, time setting, data storage and the like, the data recorder 503 is connected with the control system 6 through an interface, and the control system 6 is a computer; for varying experimental conditions, data derivation and analysis;
after the flow making tank 1 is started, the sample injection ball valve 7 is rotated to inject a sample, and after the micro plastic enters the flow making tank 1, the computer controls the pump control system to set the flow rate according to the optimal experimental result obtained by measuring the starting flow rate and the sedimentation rate; the computer controls the steering motor to control the rotation angle of the wave making plate, so that the sinking and floating speed of the water body is increased from 0 according to the levels, and a plurality of groups of experiments are carried out; the migration rate of the micro plastic particles can be judged by detecting the transverse moving distance and the changing time through the fluorescent probe 501;
by adopting the technical scheme, the device is simple in structure and convenient to set, can adjust and change the measuring device according to actual measuring conditions, realizes the detection of a plurality of groups of different project data, and does not need to replace a detecting instrument; the micro plastic is dyed by adopting a fluorescence detection means, and the movement speed of the micro plastic is accurately detected by detecting the fluorescence intensity of the micro plastic, so that the manual error is reduced, and the detection precision is improved; the sedimentation rate of the micro-plastics with various materials, particles and particle sizes can be measured simultaneously, the movement rate conditions of the micro-plastics with different characteristics can be compared under the uniform environmental condition, and the micro-plastics are closer to a micro-plastic migration model in a natural state.
In another kind of technical scheme, the launder 1 is the annular, and its internal diameter is 300mm, and the external diameter is 500mm, and high 400mm, adopts this technical scheme, sets to the ring channel and can improve space utilization, places the too big too much area of occupation of cell body, inconvenient operation.
In another kind of technical scheme, detecting system low reaches, follow it is provided with a vertical water-permeable bolting silk 8 to make flowing groove 1 cross-section, the aperture that permeates water bolting silk 8 is 10 microns, adopts this technical scheme, can effectual interception water body's micro-plastic, salvages the recovery to the micro-plastic after the experiment, reuse.
In another kind of technical scheme, the vertical circular pit that is equipped with the interval in the vertical direction of edge on the sieve silk 8 that permeates water, the adit of circular pit is just to the rivers flow direction to accept the little plastics of aquatic, promptly rivers carry little plastics and accomplish the measurement back of migration rate, when sieving silk 8 that permeates water, can fix the little plastics that correspond the height in circular pit, when carrying out little plastics and retrieving, can obtain the distribution condition at the different degree of depth of different little plastics simultaneously, adopt this technical scheme, can further calibrate the affirmation to the settlement rate of measurement, reduce the individual error between different intergranular of the same kind of little plastics, improve the experiment precision.
In another technical scheme, an energy dissipation section is further arranged in the flow making groove 1, the energy dissipation section is arranged at the downstream of the detection system, and the energy dissipation section comprises an arc energy dissipation plate 9 with an upward-turned bottom surface, and a plurality of backflow prevention blocks 901 arranged on the arc energy dissipation plate 9; one edge of the arc energy dissipation plate 9, which is far away from the detection system, is turned upwards along the water flow direction to form an arc; the anti-backflow block 901 is of a wedge-shaped structure, one square side face of the anti-backflow block 901 is bent to form an arc concave face, the arc concave face is opposite to an arc formed by upward turning of the arc energy dissipation plate 9, the width of the anti-backflow block is smaller than one third of the width of the flow making groove, and the distance from each anti-backflow block 901 to the arc edge of the arc energy dissipation plate 9 is different.
In another kind of technical scheme, the tank bottom of launder 1 is provided with the detachable false bottom, and the height-adjustable of false bottom carries out the natural environment simulation as required before the experiment, can install the false bottom in advance, dismantles again after the experiment, adopts this technical scheme, the topography and landform of simulation actual water bottom that can be more accurate.
In another kind of technical scheme, it places on a support to make a class system, the bottom surface is equipped with the supporting leg of the symmetric distribution more than 4 under the support, the supporting leg is liftable structure, adopts this technical scheme, can realize the regulation of water slope.
In another kind of technical scheme, the lateral wall outer wall that the flow making groove 1 was equipped with fluorescence probe 501 is equipped with the coordinate system scale, and the coordinate system scale is according to actual device's size, the accurate millimeter of order of magnitude and centimetre, and the coordinate system scale is actually the dot matrix net, adopts this technical scheme, can carry out more accurate arranging to fluorescence probe 501, and the spacing distance between the clear probe conveniently carries out more accurate measurement.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. The application, modification and variation of the indoor simulation apparatus for measuring the movement rate of the micro-plastic in the water body of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. Indoor analogue means of little plastics rate of motion in survey water, its characterized in that includes:
the flow making system comprises a flow making groove, a driving water pump array arranged in the flow making groove, a pump control system in driving connection with the driving water pump array, a wave making blade arranged at the downstream of the driving water pump array, a steering motor in driving connection with the wave making blade, and a flow velocity meter arranged at the downstream of the wave making blade;
the sampling ball valve is arranged at the downstream of the wave making blade and is close to the lower part of one outer side wall of the wave making groove, a valve port of the sampling ball valve is communicated with the side wall of the wave making groove, and a sampling pipeline of the sampling ball valve is obliquely and rotatably arranged;
the detection system comprises a plurality of fluorescent probes arranged on one inner side wall of the flow making groove, a fluorometer in communication connection with the fluorescent probes, and a data recorder in communication connection with the fluorometer; the inner side wall where the fluorescent probe is located is opposite to the inner side wall of the side wall where the sample injection ball valve is located, and the fluorescent probe is detachably connected with the inner side wall of the flow making groove;
and the control system is electrically connected with the flow meter, the data recorder, the pump control system and the steering motor.
2. The indoor simulator for determining the movement rate of micro-plastic in a water body according to claim 1, wherein the flow-making groove is one of a circular groove, a rectangular water groove or an irregular water groove, and the irregular water groove is obtained by modification according to experimental requirements.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a vertical water permeable screen is disposed along the cross-section of the flow-making tank downstream of the detection system, and the aperture of the water permeable screen is 10 μm.
4. An indoor simulator for measuring the moving speed of micro-plastic in water as claimed in claim 3, wherein the water permeable bolting silk has circular pits with even intervals along the vertical direction, and the pits of the circular pits are opposite to the water flow direction to receive the micro-plastic in the water.
5. The indoor simulator for determining the movement rate of micro-plastics in a water body according to claim 1, wherein an energy dissipation section is further arranged in the flow making groove, the energy dissipation section is arranged downstream of the detection system, the energy dissipation section comprises an arc-shaped energy dissipation plate horizontally arranged at the bottom of the flow making groove, and a plurality of anti-backflow blocks are arranged on the arc-shaped energy dissipation plate; one edge of the arc energy dissipation plate, which is far away from the detection system, is turned upwards along the water flow direction to form an arc; the anti-backflow block is of a wedge-shaped structure, one square side face of the anti-backflow block is bent to form an arc-shaped concave face, the arc-shaped concave face is opposite to an arc formed by upward turning of the arc-shaped energy dissipation plate, and the width of the anti-backflow block is smaller than the width of the flow making groove.
6. The indoor simulator for measuring the movement rate of micro-plastics in a body of water of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the flow-making tank is provided with a detachable false bottom.
7. The indoor simulator for determining the movement rate of micro-plastic in a water body as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow-making system is placed on a support, the lower bottom surface of the support is provided with more than 4 symmetrically distributed support legs, and the support legs are of a liftable structure.
8. An indoor simulator for measuring the moving speed of micro plastic in water according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the side wall of the flow making groove provided with the fluorescent probe is provided with a coordinate system scale.
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| CN115468882A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Indoor simulation device for measuring sedimentation rate of microbial plastic biofilm in water body |
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