Utility model content
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a kind of soil macropore domains
Solute exchanges simulator between matrix domain, is not only simple in structure, and convenient and efficient.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution of the utility model is: a kind of soil macropore domain and matrix domain
Between solute exchange simulator, including transparent cylinder, the inside of the cylindrical body is equipped with the matrix domain being made of test clay,
The macrovoid domain being made of fine stone and coarse sand, the bottom seepage mouth in the matrix domain and the first graduated cylinder phase are equipped in matrix domain
Even, the bottom seepage mouth in the macrovoid domain is connected with the second graduated cylinder, and the cylindrical body is equipped with multiple TDR probes and resistivity
Feeler lever.
Preferably, the cylinder bottom is fixed with circular cover, and circumference and the cylindrical body sealing of the circular cover are viscous
Knot, the upper surface of the circular cover are contacted with matrix domain, macrovoid domain, and the circular cover is equipped with several filter hole simultaneously
One layer of nylon film is covered on upper surface, the lower section of the circular cover is equipped with catch basin, and the top of the catch basin is spacious
The bottom margin of mouth edge and cylindrical body is fixed to be integrated, and the slot bottom of the catch basin is through the first separating tube and the first graduated cylinder phase
Even, the slot bottom of the catch basin is connected through the second separating tube with the second graduated cylinder.
Preferably, be equipped between first separating tube and the first graduated cylinder, between the second separating tube and the second graduated cylinder into
Water valve, first graduated cylinder are connect through outlet valve with waste water container with the bottom of the second graduated cylinder.
Preferably, the inside of the catch basin is equipped with current divider, and the current divider includes being connected with the bottom in macrovoid domain
Several logical collection branch pipes, several collection branch pipes tops are connected to after passing through circular cover with macrovoid domain, and several are catchmented
Branch bottom of the tube is connected through the supervisor that catchments, and the supervisor that catchments connect through outlet pipe with the ferrule of the second separating tube.
Preferably, the quantity in the macrovoid domain is four groups, and every group of macrovoid domain extends vertically, wherein one group of macrovoid
Domain is located at the center in cylindrical matrix domain, other three groups of macrovoid domains are located at the circumference in central major aperture gap domain, have a generally triangular shape
Arrangement, the open top of the cylindrical body are feed water inlet.
Preferably, the cylindrical body is supreme is distributed with three groups of mechanism for monitoring down, and every group of mechanism for monitoring includes that four TDR are visited
Needle and two resistivity feeler levers, two TDR probes of every group of mechanism for monitoring, a resistivity feeler lever are located at cylinder side, separately
Outer two TDR probes, another resistivity feeler lever are located at another opposite side of cylindrical body;Positioned at every group of monitoring machine of cylinder side
Two TDR probes of structure are respectively placed in the matrix inside the macrovoid domain at center and at the pore wall 3cm apart from the macrovoid domain
It in domain, is placed in parallel, detects the change of moisture content situation of different location, be equipped at 1cm below the TDR probe corresponding position of the side
A piece resistivity feeler lever, the resistivity feeler lever are mounted in the matrix domain for being close to the pore wall in the macrovoid domain, are detected in soil
Tracer ion concentration between matrix domain and macrovoid domain changes;Positioned at another opposite side of cylindrical body every group of mechanism for monitoring in addition
Two TDR probes are respectively placed in the matrix domain inside a macrovoid domain of circumference and at the pore wall 3cm apart from the macrovoid domain
In, it is placed in parallel, detects the change of moisture content situation of different location, set at 1cm below the TDR probe corresponding position of the opposite side
There is another resistivity feeler lever, which is mounted in the matrix domain for being close to the pore wall in the macrovoid domain, detection soil
Tracer ion concentration between matrix domain and macrovoid domain changes in earth.
Preferably, the feed water inlet is equipped with water supply mechanism, and the water supply mechanism includes that tracer ion is added for accommodating
Aqueous solution water tank, be equipped with aqueduct inside the water tank, the water outlet of the aqueduct is equipped with infiltration disk, the water guide
Pipe is successively arranged self-action balanced valve, water pump, flowmeter along water (flow) direction.
Preferably, the infiltration disk cover is located on feed water inlet, and the infiltration disk is made of upper plate and lower plate, it is described on
Permeable rock layer is filled between disk body and lower plate, it is logical that the upper plate is equipped with the centre connecting with the water outlet of aqueduct
Hole is evenly equipped with several water seepage holes on the lower plate.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects: it is molten between the soil macropore domain and matrix domain
The structure of mass transter simulator is simple, simple and convenient, reasonable in design, it can be achieved that simulating in all kinds of macrovoid soil
The non-homogeneous infiltration process of solute analyzes solute exchange rule between macrovoid domain and matrix domain and infiltrates feature, to prevent and treat rainfall item
The slope instability and mud-stone flow disaster caused under part provides theoretical reference.
The utility model is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the above-mentioned features and advantages of the utility model more obvious and understandable, special embodiment below, and cooperate attached drawing,
It is described in detail below.
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5, solute exchanges simulator, including transparent cylinder between a kind of soil macropore domain and matrix domain
1, the inside of the cylindrical body is equipped with the matrix domain 2 being made of test clay, is equipped in matrix domain and is made of fine stone and coarse sand
Macrovoid domain 3, the bottom seepage mouth in the matrix domain is connected with the first graduated cylinder 4, the bottom seepage mouth in the macrovoid domain with
Second graduated cylinder 5 is connected, and the cylindrical body is equipped with multiple TDR probes 6 and resistivity feeler lever 7, and the inside of cylindrical body is for filling
The cavity structure filled out, macrovoid domain are consistent with the depth in matrix domain.
In the utility model embodiment, the cylinder bottom is fixed with circular cover 8, the circumference of the circular cover
It is sealing adhesive with cylindrical body circumference, the upper surface of the circular cover is contacted with matrix domain, macrovoid domain, in the circular cover
One layer of nylon film is covered with equipped with several filter hole and on upper surface, nylon film may filter that out solute, prevent soil
It is lost, the lower section of the circular cover is equipped with catch basin 9, the open top edge of the catch basin and the bottom margin of cylindrical body
Fixed to be integrated, the slot bottom of the catch basin is connected through the first separating tube 10 with the first graduated cylinder 4, and the slot bottom of the catch basin is through
Two separating tubes 11 are connected with the second graduated cylinder 5.
In the utility model embodiment, between first separating tube and the first graduated cylinder, the second separating tube and the second amount
Inlet valve 12 is equipped between cylinder, and the bottom of first graduated cylinder and the second graduated cylinder is through outlet valve 13 and the company of waste water container 31
It connects.
In the utility model embodiment, the inside of the catch basin is equipped with current divider 14, the current divider include with greatly
Several collection branch pipes 15 that the bottom of pore domain is connected, pass through at the top of several collection branch pipes after circular cover with macrovoid
Domain connection, several collection branch pipe bottoms one supervisor that catchments 16 are connected, and the supervisor that catchments is through outlet pipe 17 and the second liquid separation
The ferrule of pipe connects, and flow out the solute in the matrix domain for flowing to catch basin can only from the first separating tube, can not be from second point
Liquid pipe outflow, the solute in macrovoid domain can only be flowed out from the second separating tube.
In the utility model embodiment, the quantity in the macrovoid domain is four groups, and every group of macrovoid domain extends vertically,
Wherein one group of macrovoid domain is located at the center in cylindrical matrix domain, other three groups of macrovoid domains are located at the week in central major aperture gap domain
Portion, has a generally triangular shape arrangement, and the open top of the cylindrical body is feed water inlet 18.
In the utility model embodiment, the cylindrical body is supreme to be distributed with three groups of mechanism for monitoring 19, every group of monitoring down
Mechanism includes four TDR probes and two resistivity feeler levers, two TDR probes, the resistivity feeler lever of every group of mechanism for monitoring
Positioned at cylinder side, in addition two TDR probes, another resistivity feeler lever are located at another opposite side of cylindrical body;Positioned at cylinder
Two TDR probes of every group of mechanism for monitoring of body side are respectively placed in inside the macrovoid domain at center and apart from the macrovoid domain
It in matrix domain at pore wall 3cm, is placed in parallel, detects the change of moisture content situation of different location, it is corresponding in side TDR probe
A resistivity feeler lever is equipped with below position at 1cm, which is mounted on the base for being close to the pore wall in the macrovoid domain
In matter domain, detects tracer ion concentration between matrix domain and macrovoid domain in soil and change;Positioned at another opposite side of cylindrical body
Other two TDR probes of every group of mechanism for monitoring are respectively placed in inside a macrovoid domain of circumference and the hole apart from the macrovoid domain
It in matrix domain at gap wall 3cm, is placed in parallel, detects the change of moisture content situation of different location, in opposite side TDR probe pair
It answers and is equipped with another resistivity feeler lever below position at 1cm, which is mounted on the pore wall for being close to the macrovoid domain
Matrix domain in, detect soil in tracer ion between matrix domain and macrovoid domain concentration change;Pass through TDR probe and resistivity
Feeler lever can monitor solute exchange rate and exchange capacity and macrovoid domain wall two sides solute concentration size cases at different depth,
Macrovoid domain and matrix domain difference position solute concentration and solute exchange rate dynamic change at same level can also be monitored
Process, and equipment has spacing without intersection, reduces interfering with each other between sensor.
In the utility model embodiment, the feed water inlet is equipped with water supply mechanism 20, and the water supply mechanism includes being used for
The water tank 21 that the aqueous solution of tracer ion is added is accommodated, the aqueous solution of tracer ion is added for simulating solute, in the water tank
Portion is equipped with aqueduct 22, and the water outlet of the aqueduct is equipped with infiltration disk 23, makes to seep under uniform moisture, the aqueduct along
Water (flow) direction is successively arranged self-action balanced valve 24, water pump 25, flowmeter 26, carries out continuing water supply by water pump, flowmeter is used
In monitoring uninterrupted, self-action balanced valve according to actual flow size for being adjusted.
In the utility model embodiment, the infiltration disk cover is located on feed water inlet, the infiltration disk by upper plate 27 with
Lower plate 28 forms, and permeable rock layer 29 is filled between the upper plate and lower plate, the upper plate is equipped with and aqueduct
Water outlet connection intermediate throughholes, intermediate throughholes communicate with permeable rock layer, several water seepage holes are evenly equipped on the lower plate
30。
In the utility model embodiment, the cylindrical body uses acrylic acid material, and internal diameter 24cm is highly
80cm, wall thickness 1cm, cylindrical body from top to down depth be respectively 15cm, 40cm and 65cm three groups of mechanism for monitoring of location arrangements,
TDR probe analyzes exchange capacity and exchange rate of the solute in macrovoid domain and matrix domain for monitoring water content;Resistivity is visited
For monitoring, due to tracer ion, free diffusing and resistivity value caused by exchange change bar between two domains in solute, show
Track ion concentration is bigger, and change in resistance is also bigger, and the sensor is connect with computer, real-time monitoring, and circular cover is PVC material
Matter, the aperture that filter hole thereon is diameter 2mm.
The application method of solute exchange simulator, sequentially includes the following steps: between a kind of soil macropore domain and matrix domain
(1) when testing, water pump is opened, keeps solute in water tank (aqueous solution) with a constant stream by adjusting self-action balanced valve
Amount discharge, solute uniformly passes through infiltration disk and infiltrates under the effect of gravity, simulated rainfall process, and is supervised in real time by flowmeter
Survey actual flow size, record solute in the soil infiltrate the time;Solute passes through circular cover and current divider respectively, open into
Water valve will flow through solute in circular cover and current divider and be collected in the first graduated cylinder, the second graduated cylinder respectively, records final total stream
Amount;(2) the tracer ion concentration that the change of moisture content of TDR probe records and resistivity feeler lever record is real-time transmitted to computer
On, and analyze and research, obtain solute exchange rule between different moments matrix domain and macrovoid domain and infiltrate feature;(3) it tries
After testing, self-action balanced valve is closed, opens outlet valve, solute is finally collected in waste water container.
Since macrovoid domain is consistent with the depth in matrix domain, so only needing to consider transparent cylinder cross-section macrovoid
The ratio between area and substrate area, according to plant bulk it is found that ideally, finally flowing into the first graduated cylinder and flowing into the second graduated cylinder
The ratio between solute flow should are as follows:
π × (24/2)2 : π × (2/2)2×4 = 36:1
And considering macroporous presence, solute will be infiltrated unevenly, and there are solutes to exchange between matrix and macrovoid, so
It cannot be simply by area ratio reduced discharge ratio under perfect condition.Only because the coarse sand and rubble filled inside macrovoid are more
Hole medium, compared to clay closely knit in matrix, hydraulic conductivity is higher inside macrovoid domain, and resistance is smaller, therefore, moisture and solute
Soil matrix can be bypassed in infiltration process, preferentially flow through the stronger macrovoid domain of water transmitting ability, two graduated cylinders actually collected
Flow-rate ratio can be more much smaller than ideally calculated value.
So we assume that practical first graduated cylinder flow is a, the second graduated cylinder flow is b, and exchange capacity x can obtain conversion
Formula:
(a+x): (b-x)=36:1
It quantitatively can obtain exchange capacity x of the solute between two domains, to guarantee data reasonability, repeat test procedure,
3 test average values are taken, indirect analysis solute exchanges rule between two domains.
In the utility model embodiment, before step (1), the production of simulator need to be carried out, first in circle when production
Metal catheter is inserted vertically into cylinder, metal catheter lower part is docked with the collection branch pipe for passing through circular cover securely, in cylindrical body
Interior layering filling test clay, and be compacted, fine stone and coarse sand are added in metal catheter, uniformly fills, retains enough
Then hole slowly extracts metal catheter out, infiltration disk is covered at the top of cylindrical body, closely connect with cylindrical body, fills in water tank
Enter the aqueous solution of the ion containing tracer in right amount, until 2/3rds position of tank top, aqueduct are connected with water tank, the water outlet of aqueduct
Mouth is connected with infiltration disk;It is inserted into mechanism for monitoring in cylindrical body two opposite sides, mechanism for monitoring is supreme to be arranged three groups down, TDR probe
It is secured with glue adhesion with the interface of resistivity feeler lever and cylindrical body;Metal catheter internal diameter is 2cm, the long 70cm of every conduit.
The utility model is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, anyone can obtain under the enlightenment of the utility model
Solute exchanges simulator between other various forms of soil macropore domains and matrix domain out.It is all according to present utility model application patent
The equivalent changes and modifications that range is done should all belong to the covering scope of the utility model.