CN108279190B - Device for simulating solute exchange between soil macropore domain and matrix domain and application method thereof - Google Patents
Device for simulating solute exchange between soil macropore domain and matrix domain and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108279190B CN108279190B CN201810391618.3A CN201810391618A CN108279190B CN 108279190 B CN108279190 B CN 108279190B CN 201810391618 A CN201810391618 A CN 201810391618A CN 108279190 B CN108279190 B CN 108279190B
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 28
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229920006284 nylon film Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solute exchange simulation device between a soil macropore domain and a matrix domain, which comprises a transparent cylinder, wherein the matrix domain consisting of test clay is arranged in the cylinder, the macropore domain consisting of fine broken stone and coarse sand is arranged in the matrix domain, a bottom water seepage port of the matrix domain is connected with a first measuring cylinder, a bottom water seepage port of the macropore domain is connected with a second measuring cylinder, and a plurality of TDR probes and resistivity probe rods are arranged on the cylinder. The device for simulating solute exchange between the soil macropore domain and the matrix domain has a simple structure, and can simulate the heterogeneous infiltration process of solutes in various macropore soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solute exchange simulation device between a soil macropore domain and a matrix domain and a use method thereof.
Background
At present, the field of unsaturated seepage of solute transport of soil is focused on the aspect of research on solute transport in soil. The traditional soil solute space migration test mainly comprises a soil column soaking method, a field excavation method, a dyeing tracing method, a soil moisture penetration curve method, a tension penetrometer method, a ground penetration radar method and the like.
Macropores are ubiquitous in nature, and macropore flow is a sign of research on the movement mechanism of water and solutes in soil from uniform to non-uniform fields, and refers to a phenomenon that under the condition of soil anisotropy, the solutes flow unevenly downwards along a specific path under the combined action of multiple factors. Macropore flow is one of main causes of such phenomena as rainfall landslide, mud-rock flow and the like as well as underground water pollution, nutrient loss in agricultural soil and the like, so that the research of macropore flow is very important.
However, there is a substantial difference in solute exchange and soil solute transport between the soil macropore domain and the matrix domain: the former is the exchange of solutes between macropore and matrix domains at the same location in the soil, while the latter is the spatial solute transport at different locations in the soil. Therefore, the existing soil solute transport test method cannot be adopted for solute exchange of the soil macropore domain and the matrix domain, and the existing soil macropore flow simulation test is not capable of effectively realizing space separation of the macropore domain and the matrix domain, so that new difficulty is put forward for indoor test simulation of solute exchange between the soil macropore domain and the matrix domain.
In view of this, there is an urgent need to develop a technical means for achieving macroporosity formation in homogeneous soil, for simulating the solute exchange process between the macroporosity domain and the matrix domain of the soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the solute exchange simulation device between the soil macropore domain and the matrix domain and the application method thereof, which are simple in structure, convenient and efficient.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a soil macropore domain and matrix interdomain solute exchange analogue means, includes transparent cylinder, the inside of cylinder is equipped with the matrix domain of constituteing by experimental clay, is equipped with the macropore domain of constituteing by fine gravel and coarse sand in the matrix domain, the bottom water inlet of matrix domain links to each other with first graduated flask, the bottom water inlet of macropore domain links to each other with the second graduated flask, be equipped with a plurality of TDR probes and resistivity probe on the cylinder.
Preferably, the circular cover plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the cylinder, the periphery of the circular cover plate is sealed and bonded with the cylinder, the upper end face of the circular cover plate is in contact with the matrix domain and the macropore domain, a plurality of filtering holes are formed in the circular cover plate, a nylon film layer is covered on the upper end face of the circular cover plate, a water collecting tank is arranged below the circular cover plate, the top opening edge of the water collecting tank and the bottom edge of the cylinder are fixedly arranged into a whole, the tank bottom of the water collecting tank is connected with the first measuring cylinder through a first liquid distribution pipe, and the tank bottom of the water collecting tank is connected with the second measuring cylinder through a second liquid distribution pipe.
Preferably, water inlet valves are arranged between the first liquid distribution pipe and the first measuring cylinder and between the second liquid distribution pipe and the second measuring cylinder, and bottoms of the first measuring cylinder and the second measuring cylinder are connected with the wastewater container through water outlet valves.
Preferably, the inside of water catch bowl is equipped with the shunt, the shunt includes a plurality of catchments branch pipes that are linked together with the bottom of macropore district, and a plurality of catchments branch pipe tops are linked together with the macropore district after passing circular apron, and a plurality of catchments branch pipe bottoms are linked together through a catchment main pipe, and the catchment main pipe is through the mouth of pipe sealing connection of outlet pipe and second divides the liquid pipe.
Preferably, the number of the macropore domains is four, each group of macropore domains extends vertically, one group of macropore domains is located at the center of the cylindrical matrix domain, the other three groups of macropore domains are located at the periphery of the central macropore domain, the three groups of macropore domains are arranged in a triangular mode, and the top opening of the cylindrical body is a water supply opening.
Preferably, three groups of monitoring mechanisms are distributed from top to bottom on the cylinder, each group of monitoring mechanism comprises four TDR probes and two resistivity probe rods, the two TDR probes and one resistivity probe rod of each group of monitoring mechanism are positioned on one side of the cylinder, and the other two TDR probes and the other resistivity probe rod are positioned on the other opposite side of the cylinder; two TDR probes of each group of monitoring mechanisms positioned at one side of the cylinder are respectively arranged in a central macropore domain and a matrix domain at a position 3cm away from the pore wall of the macropore domain, are arranged in parallel, detect the water content change condition of different positions, and are provided with a resistivity probe rod at a position 1cm below the corresponding position of the TDR probes at the side, wherein the resistivity probe rod is arranged in the matrix domain clinging to the pore wall of the macropore domain, and detect the concentration change of trace ions in soil between the matrix domain and the macropore domain; the other two TDR probes of each group of monitoring mechanisms positioned on the other opposite side of the cylinder are respectively arranged in a large pore region of the periphery and a matrix region at a position 3cm away from the pore wall of the large pore region, are arranged in parallel, detect the water content change condition of different positions, and are provided with another resistivity probe rod at a position 1cm below the corresponding position of the TDR probes on the opposite side, wherein the resistivity probe rod is arranged in the matrix region closely attached to the pore wall of the large pore region, and detect the concentration change of trace ions in soil between the matrix region and the large pore region.
Preferably, the water supply mechanism is arranged on the water supply port, the water supply mechanism comprises a water tank for containing an aqueous solution added with trace ions, a water guide pipe is arranged inside the water tank, a permeation disc is arranged on a water outlet of the water guide pipe, and an automatic balance valve, a water pump and a flowmeter are sequentially arranged on the water guide pipe along the water flow direction.
Preferably, the infiltration tray cover is arranged on the water supply port, the infiltration tray consists of an upper tray body and a lower tray body, a permeable stone layer is filled between the upper tray body and the lower tray body, a middle through hole connected with a water outlet of the water guide pipe is arranged on the upper tray body, and a plurality of water seepage holes are uniformly distributed on the lower tray body.
The application method of the solute exchange simulation device between the soil macropore domain and the matrix domain comprises the following steps: (1) When in experiment, the water pump is turned on, the solute (aqueous solution) in the water tank is kept to be discharged at a constant flow rate by adjusting the automatic balance valve, the solute uniformly passes through the permeation disc and permeates under the action of gravity, the rainfall process is simulated, the actual flow rate is monitored in real time by the flowmeter, and the permeation time of the solute in the soil is recorded; solute respectively passes through the circular cover plate and the flow divider, a water inlet valve is opened, the solute flowing through the circular cover plate and the flow divider is respectively collected in a first measuring cylinder and a second measuring cylinder, and the final total flow is recorded; (2) Transmitting the water content change recorded by the TDR probe and the trace ion concentration recorded by the resistivity probe to a computer in real time, and carrying out analysis and research to obtain solute exchange rules and infiltration characteristics between the matrix domain and the macropore domain at different times; (3) After the test is finished, the automatic balance valve is closed, the water outlet valve is opened, and the solute is finally collected in the wastewater container.
Preferably, before the step (1), manufacturing a simulation device, wherein a metal conduit is vertically inserted into a cylinder, the lower part of the metal conduit is firmly butted with a water collecting branch pipe penetrating through a round cover plate, test clay is layered and filled in the cylinder, and compacted, fine broken stone and coarse sand are added into the metal conduit, and uniformly filled, enough pores are reserved, the metal conduit is extracted, a permeable disc is covered on the top of the cylinder and is tightly connected with the cylinder, a proper amount of water solution containing trace ions is filled in a water tank to the top two thirds of the position of the water tank, the water conduit is connected with the water tank, and a water outlet of the water conduit is connected with the permeable disc; and the monitoring mechanisms are inserted into two opposite sides of the cylinder, three groups of monitoring mechanisms are arranged up and down, and the interface of the TDR probe and the resistivity probe rod with the cylinder is firmly adhered by glue.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the device for simulating solute exchange between the soil macropore domain and the matrix domain has the advantages of simple structure, simple and convenient operation and reasonable structural design, can simulate the non-uniform infiltration process of solutes in various macropore soil, analyzes the solute exchange law and infiltration characteristics between the macropore domain and the matrix domain, and provides theoretical reference for preventing and controlling slope instability and debris flow disasters caused by rainfall conditions.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram (removal detection mechanism) of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a distribution of a monitoring mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a second schematic diagram of a distribution of the monitoring mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a shunt according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the construction of a permeate pan in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-5, a solute exchange simulation device between a soil macropore domain and a matrix domain comprises a transparent cylinder 1, wherein the matrix domain 2 formed by test clay is arranged in the cylinder, the macropore domain 3 formed by fine broken stone and coarse sand is arranged in the matrix domain, the bottom water seepage port of the matrix domain is connected with a first measuring cylinder 4, the bottom water seepage port of the macropore domain is connected with a second measuring cylinder 5, a plurality of TDR probes 6 and a resistivity probe rod 7 are arranged on the cylinder, the cavity structure for filling is arranged in the cylinder, and the depth of the macropore domain is consistent with that of the matrix domain.
In the embodiment of the invention, the bottom of the cylinder is fixedly connected with a circular cover plate 8, the periphery of the circular cover plate is sealed and bonded with the periphery of the cylinder, the upper end face of the circular cover plate is in contact with a matrix domain and a macropore domain, a plurality of filtering holes are formed in the circular cover plate, a layer of nylon film is covered on the upper end face of the circular cover plate, solute can be filtered out by the nylon film, soil loss is prevented, a water collecting tank 9 is arranged below the circular cover plate, the top open edge of the water collecting tank and the bottom edge of the cylinder are fixedly arranged into a whole, the tank bottom of the water collecting tank is connected with a first measuring cylinder 4 through a first liquid separating pipe 10, and the tank bottom of the water collecting tank is connected with a second measuring cylinder 5 through a second liquid separating pipe 11.
In the embodiment of the invention, water inlet valves 12 are respectively arranged between the first liquid distribution pipe and the first measuring cylinder and between the second liquid distribution pipe and the second measuring cylinder, and the bottoms of the first measuring cylinder and the second measuring cylinder are respectively connected with a wastewater container 31 through a water outlet valve 13.
In the embodiment of the invention, the water collecting tank is internally provided with the diverter 14, the diverter comprises a plurality of water collecting branch pipes 15 communicated with the bottom of the macropore domain, the tops of the water collecting branch pipes are communicated with the macropore domain after passing through the circular cover plate, the bottoms of the water collecting branch pipes are communicated with one water collecting main pipe 16, and the water collecting main pipe is in sealing connection with the pipe orifice of the second liquid separating pipe through a water outlet pipe 17, so that solute flowing to the matrix domain of the water collecting tank can only flow out from the first liquid separating pipe and cannot flow out from the second liquid separating pipe, and solute in the macropore domain can only flow out from the second liquid separating pipe.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the macropore domains is four, each group of macropore domains extends vertically, one group of macropore domains is located at the center of the cylindrical matrix domain, the other three groups of macropore domains are located at the periphery of the central macropore domain, and are arranged in a triangle, and the top of the cylinder is opened with a water supply port 18.
In the embodiment of the invention, three groups of monitoring mechanisms 19 are distributed from top to bottom on the cylinder, each group of monitoring mechanisms comprises four TDR probes and two resistivity probe rods, the two TDR probes and one resistivity probe rod of each group of monitoring mechanisms are positioned on one side of the cylinder, and the other two TDR probes and the other resistivity probe rod are positioned on the other opposite side of the cylinder; two TDR probes of each group of monitoring mechanisms positioned at one side of the cylinder are respectively arranged in a central macropore domain and a matrix domain at a position 3cm away from the pore wall of the macropore domain, are arranged in parallel, detect the water content change condition of different positions, and are provided with a resistivity probe rod at a position 1cm below the corresponding position of the TDR probes at the side, wherein the resistivity probe rod is arranged in the matrix domain clinging to the pore wall of the macropore domain, and detect the concentration change of trace ions in soil between the matrix domain and the macropore domain; the other two TDR probes of each group of monitoring mechanisms positioned on the other opposite side of the cylinder are respectively arranged in a large pore area of the periphery and a matrix area 3cm away from the pore wall of the large pore area, are arranged in parallel, detect the water content change condition of different positions, and are provided with another resistivity probe rod 1cm below the corresponding position of the TDR probes on the opposite side, wherein the resistivity probe rod is arranged in the matrix area which is closely attached to the pore wall of the large pore area, and detect the concentration change of trace ions in soil between the matrix area and the large pore area; the solute exchange rate and exchange quantity at different depths and the solute concentration at two sides of the wall of the macropore domain can be monitored through the TDR probe and the resistivity probe, the solute concentration and solute exchange rate dynamic change process at different points of the macropore domain and the matrix domain at the same level can also be monitored, the equipment has no cross and has a space, and the mutual interference between the sensors is reduced.
In the embodiment of the invention, a water supply mechanism 20 is arranged on the water supply port, the water supply mechanism comprises a water tank 21 for containing an aqueous solution added with trace ions, the aqueous solution added with trace ions is used for simulating solutes, a water guide pipe 22 is arranged in the water tank, a water outlet of the water guide pipe is provided with a permeation disc 23 for uniformly permeating water, the water guide pipe is sequentially provided with an automatic balance valve 24, a water pump 25 and a flow meter 26 along the water flow direction, continuous water supply is carried out through the water pump, the flow meter is used for monitoring the flow, and the automatic balance valve is used for adjusting according to the actual flow.
In the embodiment of the invention, the infiltration disc cover is arranged on the water supply port, the infiltration disc consists of an upper disc body 27 and a lower disc body 28, a permeable stone layer 29 is filled between the upper disc body and the lower disc body, a middle through hole connected with a water outlet of a water guide pipe is arranged on the upper disc body, the middle through hole is communicated with the permeable stone layer, and a plurality of water seepage holes 30 are uniformly distributed on the lower disc body.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cylinder is made of acrylic acid, the inner diameter of the cylinder is 24cm, the height of the cylinder is 80cm, the wall thickness of the cylinder is 1cm, three groups of monitoring mechanisms are arranged at the positions of the cylinder, which are 15cm, 40cm and 65cm in depth from top to bottom, and the TDR probe is used for monitoring the water content and analyzing the exchange quantity and exchange rate of solutes in a macropore domain and a matrix domain; the resistivity probe rod is used for monitoring the change of resistivity values caused by free diffusion and exchange of trace ions between two domains in a solute, the greater the concentration of the trace ions is, the greater the change of resistivity is, the sensor is connected with a computer for real-time monitoring, the circular cover plate is made of PVC material, and the filtering holes on the circular cover plate are small holes with the diameter of 2 mm.
The application method of the solute exchange simulation device between the soil macropore domain and the matrix domain comprises the following steps: (1) When in experiment, the water pump is turned on, the solute (aqueous solution) in the water tank is kept to be discharged at a constant flow rate by adjusting the automatic balance valve, the solute uniformly passes through the permeation disc and permeates under the action of gravity, the rainfall process is simulated, the actual flow rate is monitored in real time by the flowmeter, and the permeation time of the solute in the soil is recorded; solute respectively passes through the circular cover plate and the flow divider, a water inlet valve is opened, the solute flowing through the circular cover plate and the flow divider is respectively collected in a first measuring cylinder and a second measuring cylinder, and the final total flow is recorded; (2) Transmitting the water content change recorded by the TDR probe and the trace ion concentration recorded by the resistivity probe to a computer in real time, and carrying out analysis and research to obtain solute exchange rules and infiltration characteristics between the matrix domain and the macropore domain at different times; (3) After the test is finished, the automatic balance valve is closed, the water outlet valve is opened, and the solute is finally collected in the wastewater container.
Since the depth of the macropore domain is consistent with that of the matrix domain, only the ratio of the macropore area to the matrix area at the cross section of the transparent cylinder needs to be considered, and according to the device size, the ratio of the solute flow finally flowing into the first measuring cylinder to the solute flow finally flowing into the second measuring cylinder should be:
π×（24/2） 2 : π×（2/2） 2 ×4 = 36:1
in consideration of the existence of macropores, solute is unevenly infiltrated, and solute exchange exists between the matrix and the macropores, so that the flow ratio cannot be simply converted according to the ratio of areas under ideal conditions. Because coarse sand and broken stone filled in macropores are porous mediums, compared with dense clay in a matrix, the water conductivity in the macropores is higher, and the resistance is smaller, so that moisture and solute can bypass the soil matrix in the infiltration process and preferentially flow through the macropores with stronger water conductivity, and the flow ratio of two measuring cylinders actually collected is much smaller than the calculated value in an ideal state.
Therefore, assuming that the actual first measuring cylinder flow is a, the second measuring cylinder flow is b, and the exchange amount is x, a conversion formula can be obtained:
（a+x）:（b-x）=36:1
the exchange quantity x of the solute between the two domains can be quantitatively obtained, in order to ensure the rationality of the data, the test steps can be repeated, the average value of 3 times of tests is taken, and the exchange rule of the solute between the two domains is indirectly analyzed.
In the embodiment of the invention, before the step (1), a metal conduit is vertically inserted into a cylinder during the manufacturing, the lower part of the metal conduit is firmly butted with a water collecting branch pipe penetrating through a round cover plate, test clay is layered and filled in the cylinder, compaction is carried out, fine broken stone and coarse sand are added into the metal conduit, the metal conduit is uniformly filled, enough pores are reserved, then the metal conduit is slowly extracted, a permeable disc is covered at the top of the cylinder and is tightly connected with the cylinder, a proper amount of water solution containing trace ions is filled into a water tank until reaching two thirds of the top of the water tank, the water conduit is connected with the water tank, and a water outlet of the water conduit is connected with the permeable disc; inserting monitoring mechanisms at two opposite sides of the cylinder, wherein three groups of monitoring mechanisms are arranged up and down, and the interface between the TDR probe and the resistivity probe rod and the cylinder is firmly adhered by glue; the inner diameter of the metal catheter is 2cm, and the length of each catheter is 70cm.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments, and any person can derive other various forms of the device for simulating exchange of solutes between the macropore domain and the matrix domain of the soil and the method of using the same under the teaching of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A solute exchange simulation device between a soil macropore domain and a matrix domain is characterized in that: the device comprises a transparent cylinder, wherein a matrix domain consisting of test clay is arranged in the cylinder, a macropore domain consisting of fine broken stone and coarse sand is arranged in the matrix domain, a bottom water seepage port of the matrix domain is connected with a first measuring cylinder, a bottom water seepage port of the macropore domain is connected with a second measuring cylinder, and a plurality of TDR probes and resistivity probe rods are arranged on the cylinder; the bottom of the cylinder is fixedly connected with a circular cover plate, the periphery of the circular cover plate is sealed and bonded with the cylinder, the upper end face of the circular cover plate is in contact with a matrix domain and a macropore domain, a plurality of filtering holes are formed in the circular cover plate, a nylon film layer is covered on the upper end face of the circular cover plate, a water collecting tank is arranged below the circular cover plate, the top open edge of the water collecting tank and the bottom edge of the cylinder are fixedly arranged into a whole, the tank bottom of the water collecting tank is connected with a first measuring cylinder through a first liquid distribution pipe, and the tank bottom of the water collecting tank is connected with a second measuring cylinder through a second liquid distribution pipe; the inside of the water collecting tank is provided with a flow divider, the flow divider comprises a plurality of water collecting branch pipes communicated with the bottom of the macropore domain, the tops of the water collecting branch pipes penetrate through the round cover plate and are communicated with the macropore domain, the bottoms of the water collecting branch pipes are communicated with one water collecting main pipe, and the water collecting main pipe is in sealing connection with the pipe orifice of the second liquid separating pipe through a water outlet pipe; the number of the macropore domains is four, each group of macropore domains extends vertically, one group of macropore domains is positioned at the center of the cylindrical matrix domain, the other three groups of macropore domains are positioned at the periphery of the central macropore domain, the macropore domains are arranged in a triangular manner, and the top opening of the cylinder is a water supply opening; three groups of monitoring mechanisms are distributed from top to bottom on the cylinder, each group of monitoring mechanism comprises four TDR probes and two resistivity probe rods, the two TDR probes and one resistivity probe rod of each group of monitoring mechanism are positioned on one side of the cylinder, and the other two TDR probes and the other resistivity probe rod are positioned on the other opposite side of the cylinder; two TDR probes of each group of monitoring mechanisms positioned at one side of the cylinder are respectively arranged in a central macropore domain and a matrix domain at a position 3cm away from the pore wall of the macropore domain, are arranged in parallel, detect the water content change condition of different positions, and are provided with a resistivity probe rod at a position 1cm below the corresponding position of the TDR probes at the side, wherein the resistivity probe rod is arranged in the matrix domain clinging to the pore wall of the macropore domain, and detect the concentration change of trace ions in soil between the matrix domain and the macropore domain; the other two TDR probes of each group of monitoring mechanisms positioned on the other opposite side of the cylinder are respectively arranged in a large pore region of the periphery and a matrix region at a position 3cm away from the pore wall of the large pore region, are arranged in parallel, detect the water content change condition of different positions, and are provided with another resistivity probe rod at a position 1cm below the corresponding position of the TDR probes on the opposite side, wherein the resistivity probe rod is arranged in the matrix region closely attached to the pore wall of the large pore region, and detect the concentration change of trace ions in soil between the matrix region and the large pore region.
2. The device for simulating solute exchange between a macropore domain and a matrix domain of soil according to claim 1, wherein: inlet valves are respectively arranged between the first liquid distribution pipe and the first measuring cylinder and between the second liquid distribution pipe and the second measuring cylinder, and the bottoms of the first measuring cylinder and the second measuring cylinder are connected with the wastewater container through water outlet valves.
3. The device for simulating solute exchange between a macropore domain and a matrix domain of soil according to claim 1, wherein: the water supply device is characterized in that a water supply mechanism is arranged on the water supply port and comprises a water tank for containing an aqueous solution added with trace ions, a water guide pipe is arranged inside the water tank, a permeation disc is arranged on a water outlet of the water guide pipe, and an automatic balance valve, a water pump and a flowmeter are sequentially arranged on the water guide pipe along the water flow direction.
4. A soil macropore domain and matrix inter-domain solute exchange simulation device according to claim 3, in which: the infiltration dish lid is established on the water supply mouth, infiltration dish comprises last disk body and lower disk body, it has the permeable stone layer to fill between last disk body and the lower disk body, upward be equipped with the intermediate through hole of being connected with the delivery port of aqueduct on the disk body, the equipartition has a plurality of infiltration hole on the lower disk body.
5. A method of using a device for simulating solute exchange between a macropore domain of soil and a matrix domain according to any of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of: (1) When in experiment, the water pump is started, the solute of the water solution in the water tank is kept to be discharged at a constant flow rate by adjusting the automatic balance valve, the solute uniformly passes through the permeation disc and permeates under the action of gravity, the rainfall process is simulated, the actual flow rate is monitored in real time by the flowmeter, and the permeation time of the solute in the soil is recorded; solute respectively passes through the circular cover plate and the flow divider, a water inlet valve is opened, the solute flowing through the circular cover plate and the flow divider is respectively collected in a first measuring cylinder and a second measuring cylinder, and the final total flow is recorded; (2) Transmitting the water content change recorded by the TDR probe and the trace ion concentration recorded by the resistivity probe to a computer in real time, and carrying out analysis and research to obtain solute exchange rules and infiltration characteristics between the matrix domain and the macropore domain at different times; (3) After the test is finished, the automatic balance valve is closed, the water outlet valve is opened, and the solute is finally collected in the wastewater container.
6. The method of using a device for simulating solute exchange between a macropore domain and a matrix domain of soil according to claim 5, wherein: before the step (1), manufacturing a simulation device, wherein a metal conduit is vertically inserted into a cylinder, the lower part of the metal conduit is firmly butted with a water collecting branch pipe penetrating through a round cover plate, test clay is layered and filled in the cylinder, and is compacted, fine broken stone and coarse sand are added into the metal conduit, and are uniformly filled, enough pores are reserved, the metal conduit is extracted, a permeable disc is covered on the top of the cylinder and is tightly connected with the cylinder, a proper amount of water solution containing trace ions is filled into a water tank until reaching the two thirds position of the top of the water tank, the water conduit is connected with the water tank, and a water outlet of the water conduit is connected with the permeable disc; and the monitoring mechanisms are inserted into two opposite sides of the cylinder, three groups of monitoring mechanisms are arranged up and down, and the interface of the TDR probe and the resistivity probe rod with the cylinder is firmly adhered by glue.
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