CN107574786A - Xenobiotic pollutants is simulated to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision and method of settlement influence - Google Patents
Xenobiotic pollutants is simulated to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision and method of settlement influence Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of simulation xenobiotic pollutants includes annular water tank, sample injection unit, control unit, measuring unit and shooting unit to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision and method of settlement influence, described device.Sample injection unit is used to inject quantitative sand-like and xenobiotic pollutants to annular water tank, and control unit includes control main frame and the temperature control unit being connected with control main frame, flow rate control unit.The measuring unit includes pH value measuring unit, concentration of suspension measuring unit, level measuring unit and sampling unit.Sampling unit is used for the survey for the silt water progress silt content for extracting different water levels in annular water tank, and the shooting unit is used to shoot bed material form in annular water tank.The present invention considers xenobiotic pollutants under different condition to sediment incipient motion and the influence of sedimentation, not only to promoting sediment movement theory of mechanics research and development to have positive effect, be also river regulation, hydraulic engineering construction, waterway effect, the research such as biological habitat important parameter is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sediment dynamics and technical field of environmental science, and in particular to one kind simulation xenobiotic pollutants is to mud
Sand starts and the experimental provision and method of settlement influence.
Background technology
Sediment incipient motion and sedimentation are one of basic problems in sediment movement mechanics study.Sand grain moves in a fluid
It is also relevant with place water body water chemistry condition in addition to depending on flow behavior.With the worsening of water environment, river water
Electrochemical conditions also quietly change.Traditional sediment incipient motion and sedimentation experiment device be pay close attention to silt characteristic in itself and current it
Between interaction, do not consider the influence of multi-parameter water-quality in actual environment, thus and actual conditions meet slightly deviation.
Xenobiotic pollutants be to the influence main cause that sediment incipient motion settles xenobiotic pollutants absorption on sand grain surface, to a certain degree
On change silt surface physicochemical property and this adsorption process and residing waters temperature, pH value, the close phase of sediment charge
Close.
Number of patent application is that CN201510481945.4 Chinese patent discloses a kind of dynamic analog silt to pollutant
Transport And Transformation method, including annular water tank, power set, sampler, it is characterized in that driving current with variable speed electric motors, particularly
Flowed with certain flow rate, the certain density reagent of simulating pollution thing is injected into muddy water with injector for medical purpose at heart line in the sink
In, and transportion and transformation of the silt to pollutant under the conditions of different time sampling and testing pollutant concentration, research trends.Should
Invention need to need manual injection's allogenic material, and experimental result accuracy relies on operating personnel's sample introduction precision.Number of patent application is
The outstanding husky and bed material absorption pollutant device of annular water tank simulation during CN201320818449.X Chinese patent discloses one, including
Leaf machine runner, bend discharge outlet, annular water tank, disk, viscous short tooth etc., it is characterized in that silt is manually paved at annular water tank bottom
Portion, the raw water movement of surface drive miscarriage is formed by adjusting turbine, measures current, the water quality characteristic of optional position.This is special
Profit drives water movement by surface drive stream, is differed greatly with actual river motion conditions, and need to manually pave silt.Patent
Application No. CN201620071797.9 Chinese patent discloses a kind of sediment incipient motion of observing and moves and measure initial velocity
Model test apparatus, including light-source system, Video Image Processing system and water circulation control system, it is characterized in that will swash
Radiant system illuminates a bed mud sand, video camera shooting bed surface sediment movement situation, will be handled on image transmitting to computer, real
The measurement of existing sediment moving incipient velocity.Differentiation of the invention to sediment incipient motion only relies on qualitative discrimination standard, lacks quantitative identification mark
It is accurate.
As can be seen here, traditional sediment incipient motion and sedimentation experiment device are to pay close attention between silt characteristic in itself and current
Interaction, without consider water quality influence, at present not yet find Study of Exogenous pollutant to sediment incipient motion and Settling in moving water
Patent.It is more in Patents to use open tank, need manually to sand during use or manual injection one
Quantitative contamination, extremely expend time and efforts.
The content of the invention
In view of this, sediment incipient motion motion and the model examination of measurement initial velocity are observed it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of
Experiment device and method, it is contemplated that under different condition xenobiotic pollutants to sediment incipient motion and sedimentation influence, i.e., by adjust temperature,
PH value, xenobiotic pollutants concentration value probe into different water chemistry conditions to sediment incipient motion and the influencing mechanism of subsiding movement.
To achieve the above object, the solution that uses of the present invention is：
A kind of simulation xenobiotic pollutants is to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision of settlement influence, including annular water tank, sample introduction list
Member, control unit, measuring unit and shooting unit, the sample injection unit are used to inject quantitative sand-like and external source to annular water tank
Pollutant, described control unit include control main frame and the temperature control unit being connected with control main frame, flow rate control list
Member, the measuring unit include pH value measuring unit, concentration of suspension measuring unit, level measuring unit and sampling unit,
The temperature value regulation sample introduction that the control main frame is used for the pH value passed back according to pH value measuring unit and temperature control unit is passed back
Unit and temperature control unit make water temperature and pH value reaches default value, and flow rate control unit is used to control annular water
The flow velocity of silt water in groove, pH value measuring unit, concentration of suspension measuring unit, level measuring unit are located to be connected with annular water tank
In logical test casing, sampling unit is used for the silt water for extracting different water levels in annular water tank, and the shooting unit is used to clap
Take the photograph bed material form in annular water tank.
Further, the annular water tank is divided into 8 sections, including the straight pipe of 2 sections of short axles, the straight pipe of 2 sections long axle, 4 sections of short axles
With the circular arc pipe of the straight pipe junction transition of major axis, annular water tank loop is oval, and the annular water tank passes through four
Individual lucite support column is supported in ground.
Further, it is connected below the annular water tank with adjutage, top is connected with valve bleeder pipe, the adjutage
On emptying valve, the break-make of control pipeline are installed.
Further, the sample injection unit includes sample introduction water tank, measuring pump, inlet channel, inlet valve, the sample introduction water
Case is arranged on the annular water tank vertical direction, and the sample introduction water tank is placed on the support consolidated with metope, the sample introduction water
Box top is connected with measuring pump, and bottom is connected by the inlet channel with the annular water tank, and the inlet valve is arranged on
On the inlet channel, the break-make of control pipeline sample introduction.
Further, the temperature control unit is installed on the external labeling type heating tape on the annular water tank and and external labeling type
The temperature control device of band connection is heated, external labeling type heating tape pipe laying is cast iron quality, and cast-iron pipe outer wall is covered with adding
Hot jacket realizes the heating to water body.
Further, the flow rate control unit include wall-mounted current velocity controller and with wall-mounted flow control
External clamping external clamping ultrasonic flow instrument, the water circulating pump of device connection, the water circulating pump intake-outlet and annular water tank
Pipeline is communicated, and driving water circulation flowing, the external-clamping type ultrasonic flowmeter is fixed on outside cast-iron pipe, passes through wall-mounted stream
Velocity control device communicates with control main frame, the rotating speed of feedback regulation water circulating pump.
Further, the test bin enclosure is fitted on the outside of the annular water tank pipeline, and annular is connected by U-tube
Tank, U-tube connection annular water tank end are equipped with band valve pneumatic joint, and the depth of water body, U-tube are submerged in adjustable U-tube end
Pipeline section close to annular water tank has graduated scale.
Further, the test casing is divided into two half parts of left and right, and left-half material is transparent organic glass, and right half
Part is black PVC material, and centre is separated by shading lifter plate, can move up and down the connection of control left and right two parts water body.
Further, level measuring unit is posted to measure real time water level in the test casing left-half side, described
The probe of installation concentration of suspension measuring unit in casing right half part is tested, the probe of pH value measuring unit submerges the test
In the water of casing, pH value measuring unit and concentration of suspension measuring unit are connected with control main frame.
Further, the shooting unit includes glass coupon, video camera and Stereo microscope, the sample sheet glass
Positioned at the annular water tank duct bottom, the position for video camera is right against the sample glass in sink main body exterior bottom
Glass piece, video camera are used in conjunction with peripheral hardware microscope, monitor the relation between silt coverage rate and flow velocity in real time, while can shoot bed
Face form.
Further, the sampling unit includes probe tube and the loose joint valve on probe tube, and the probe tube leads to
Cross inside the pneumatic joint insertion annular water tank of loose joint valve, different water levels can be extracted by adjusting probe tube height by pneumatic joint
Water sample, probe tube is in the form of an " L ", is above carved with scale marker, and probe tube porch is parallel with flow direction
One kind simulation xenobiotic pollutants is at different conditions to sediment incipient motion and sedimentation experiment method, it is characterised in that uses
Said apparatus is carried out, and methods described comprises the following steps：
1) precisely add constant weight sand-like with the measuring pump of sample injection unit and a certain amount of xenobiotic pollutants enters sample introduction
Water tank, while a certain amount of thick pure water is injected to corresponding graduation mark, enter annular water tank, control main frame start velocity through inlet channel
The water circulating pump high-speed cruising of flow controlling unit, breaks up flocculation silt, makes water husky well mixed, is then shut off flow rate control
Unit processed makes sand-like natural subsidence be laid in annular water tank bottom, and silt content survey is carried out using sampling unit after the heavy water of sand is clear
It is fixed, record initial silt content C0；
2) the temperature value feedback regulation measuring pump and add that the pH value and temperature control device that control main frame is passed back according to pH meter are passed back
The torrid zone makes water temperature and pH value reach default value；
3) when studying sediment incipient motion, wall-mounted current velocity controller is adjusted, is started using low flow velocity, is increased step by step from low flow velocity
High flow velocities are added to, every grade of flow velocity runs 45min, meanwhile, bed material form is shot using shooting unit, and live-pictures are transmitted
To stereomicroscope；
4) probe tube is adjusted to required height, drawing a certain amount of water sample by band ear washing bulb siphon pipe preserves；
5) when studying sediment incipient motion, record sediment incipient motion reaches " individual not move ", " dynamic on a small quantity ", " whole dynamic " stream needed for state
Speed, draw the balance silt content C under flow velocitys at different levelseq, obtain (Ceq/C0) with tank mean velocity in section v relation curve, i.e. mud
Sand starts Critical curve.When studying sediment settlement, the curve of each flow velocity group silt content and the relation of time is drawn, passes through its derivative
Value calculates corresponding settling velocity.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
(1) water body is heated covered with heating tape outside cast iron pipe body, current constantly flow through the process of heating tape
Water body in tank is integrally heated evenly, regulation temperature control device can the above water body is integrally maintained a stationary value, with improve
The degree of accuracy of experiment.Meanwhile heating tape is close to outside cast-iron pipe, it is different from traditional heating rod and is immersed among water body,
Water body fluidised form is not influenceed.External clamping ultrasonic flow instrument uses external clamping inductive probe, does not contact water body, does not influence current equally
Motion morphology.
(2) different depth silt content on water body vertical line direction can be determined by adjusting probe tube by pneumatic joint, can obtain water
Distribution situation of the body sediment concentration on vertical.Meanwhile the numerical value can be carried compared with concentration of suspension instrument surveys silt content pair
The height experiment degree of accuracy.
(3) annular water tank changes the distance scale of straight trough equivalent to each section streamflow regime identical endless tank
For time scale, the practical flow field situation in closer river.It the advantage is that occupation of land is small, simple in construction, construction cost is low, to water
Body influences small, simple and quick, real-time.
(4) test casing uses law of connected vessels, can be submerged in the case where not influenceing water body fluidised form by adjusting U-tube
Water depth measures physical and chemical properties of water in real time.Each pH meter and concentration of suspension instrument, which are installed in test water tank, not to be influenceed not only
Water body fluidised form, and it is easy to operation.Test casing is installed on straight trough section concave bank side, avoids sand-like and chip in current centrifugal force
It is piled up under effect in test casing.(5) enclosed annular tank can make silt evenly laid out in bottom by governing speed,
Artificial the step of sanding is eliminated, saves manpower and materials.
(6) method being combined using quantitative observation means with qualitative observation means, on the one hand with shooting and qualitative observation
The rustling form of ripple different in flow rate of leaving the bed, on the other hand by being used in conjunction with Stereo microscope come quantitative observation silt coverage rate and stream
Between speed dependency relation come differentiate sediment incipient motion and sedimentation three kinds of states.
(7) present apparatus relies on main frame regulation and control unit operating substantially, realizes intellectuality substantially, saves manpower thing
Power.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present invention simulation xenobiotic pollutants to sediment incipient motion and the structural representation of the experimental provision of settlement influence；
Fig. 2 is that casing and the structural representation for the measuring unit arranged thereon are tested in the present invention.
Reference：The wall-mounted current velocity controllers of 1-, 2- external labeling types heating tape, 3- temperature control devices, 4- external clampings ultrasound
Ripple flow instrument, 5- annular water tanks, 6- sample introduction water tanks, 7- measuring pumps, 8- inlet valves, 9- inlet channels, 10- band exhaust tubes,
11- glass coupons, 12- video cameras, 13-pH meters, the transparent water gauges of 14-, 15- test casings, 16- concentration of suspension analyzers, 17-
Probe tube, 18- loose joint valves, 19- adjutages, 20- emptying valves, 21- water circulating pumps, 22- stereomicroscopes, 23- control masters
Machine, 24-U type pipes, 25- band valve pneumatic joints, the detachable side walls of 26-, 27- shading lifter plates, 28- detachable switchs.
Embodiment
Clear, complete explanation is carried out to technical scheme below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the model test apparatus of present invention observation sediment incipient motion motion and measurement initial velocity includes annular
Tank 5, sample injection unit, control unit, measuring unit and shooting unit.The annular water tank can be made of lucite.
Described control unit includes control main frame 23 and the temperature control unit being connected with control main frame 23, flow rate control
Unit processed.It is single that the measuring unit includes pH value measuring unit, concentration of suspension measuring unit, level measuring unit and sampling
Member.
The sectional of annular water tank 5 composition, such as it is divided into 8 sections, including the straight pipe of 2 sections of short axles, the straight pipe of 2 sections long axle, 4
Section short axle and the circular arc pipe of the straight pipe junction transition of major axis, annular water tank 5 is oval, and the annular water tank 5 is logical
Cross the distance that four lucite support columns keep 40cm with ground.
It is connected below the straight pipe of major axis of the annular water tank 5 with adjutage 19, top is connected with exhaust tube 10.Institute
State and emptying valve 20 is installed on adjutage 19, for controlling the break-make of adjutage 19.
The sample injection unit includes sample introduction water tank 6, measuring pump 7, inlet channel 9, inlet valve 8.The sample introduction water tank 6 is set
The vertical direction in the middle part of the straight pipe of short axle of the annular water tank 5 is put, the sample introduction water tank 6 is placed in the support with metope consolidation
On.The top of sample introduction water tank 6 is connected with measuring pump 7, the short axle that bottom passes through the inlet channel 9 and the annular water tank 5
Straight pipe connection, the inlet valve 8 are arranged on the inlet channel 9, the break-make of control pipeline sample introduction.The sample introduction water tank
There is volume markings line in 6 outsides, and removable cover plate is arranged at top, and the controlled control of main frame 23 of measuring pump 7 can be precisely controlled sample size.
The temperature control unit be installed on external labeling type heating tape 2 on the annular water tank 5 and with external labeling type heating tape 2
The temperature control device 3 of connection.The temperature control device 3 includes temperature control module, liquid crystal induction type thermometer, is covered on outside annular water tank
Wall, water body is not contacted, type of drive is battery power, is communicated by bluetooth with control main frame 23, controls the external labeling type to heat
Band 2 is closed down.The pipe laying of external labeling type heating tape 2 is cast iron quality, and cast-iron pipe outer wall is realized to water covered with heating mantle
The heating of body.
The flow rate control unit includes wall-mounted current velocity controller 1 and connected with wall-mounted current velocity controller 1
External clamping external clamping ultrasonic flow instrument 4, the water circulating pump 21 connect.The intake-outlet of the water circulating pump 21 and the straight pipe of short axle
Communicate, water circulating pump 21 drives water circulation to flow, the flow regime of water, the external clamping ultrasonic flow under simulating natural environment
Instrument 4, water circulating pump 21 are connected by pipe line with the wall-mounted current velocity controller 1, wall-mounted current velocity controller 1 with
Wall combines above tank.The external-clamping type ultrasonic flowmeter 4 is fixed on outside cast-iron pipe, is not contacted water body, is passed through wall
Hanging current velocity controller 1 communicates with control main frame 23, the rotating speed of feedback regulation water circulating pump 21.
The measuring unit includes pH value measuring unit, concentration of suspension measuring unit, level measuring unit and sampling
Unit, wherein pH value measuring unit, concentration of suspension measuring unit, level measuring unit are in test casing 15.
The test casing 15 is bonded on the outside of the straight pipe of major axis of the annular water tank 5, and annular is connected by U-tube 24
Tank 5.Test casing 15 closing is fitted on the outside of the pipeline of annular water tank 5, and annular water tank 5 is connected by U-tube 24,
U-tube 24 connects annular water tank end and band valve pneumatic joint 25 is housed, and the depth of water body, U-tube 24 are submerged in adjustable U-tube end
Pipeline section close to annular water tank 5 has graduated scale.The test casing 15 is divided to for the half part of left and right two by shading lifter plate 27,
Left-half material is transparent organic glass, and right half part is black PVC material.The plug type of shading lifter plate 27 loads test
Casing 15, when it is inserted into bottom, two parts are closed, up Ba Shi two parts UNICOM.Left-half can survey some physics and chemistry
Matter, right half part mainly test the physicochemical property for needing shading to test.Post water level in the test casing 15 left-half side
Measuring unit (such as transparent water gauge 14) is to measure real time water level.The pH value measuring unit can be pH meter 13, and its probe submerges
In the water of the test casing 15.Concentration of suspension measuring unit can be concentration of suspension analyzer 16, the test casing 15
The installation concentration of suspension tester 16 is popped one's head in right half part.The pH meter 13 is tested with the sonde-type concentration of suspension
Instrument 16 is connected by connecting line with control main frame 23.The test casing 15 is provided with detachable side wall 26, and it is dismantled by removable
Close 28 to fix with test casing 15, the mud collected in test casing 15 can be removed by opening detachable side wall 26 after off-test
Husky dirt etc..
The sampling unit includes probe tube 17 and the loose joint valve 18 on probe tube.Probe tube 17 can use copper
Material is made.Probe tube 17 is inserted inside the annular water tank 5 by the pneumatic joint of loose joint valve 18, is adjusted by pneumatic joint
Save the measurable different water level silt contents of height of probe tube 17.Probe tube 17 is in the form of an " L ", the porch of probe tube 17 and current stream
To parallel, the exit of probe tube 17, which is connect mozzle and imported using siphon mode, connects husky cup, and wherein draft tube outlets end is less than sampling
The port of export of pipe 17.
The shooting unit includes glass coupon 11, video camera 12 and Stereo microscope 22.The sample sheet glass 11
Positioned at the straight pipe bottom of the major axis of the annular water tank 5, the video camera 12 is located at the exterior bottom of sink main body 5, while face
In the sample sheet glass 11.Video camera 12 is used in conjunction with Stereo microscope 22, monitors in real time between silt coverage rate and flow velocity
Relation, while Shoal bar can be shot.Video camera 12 on the one hand can shoot it is different in flow rate under Shoal bar, it is on the other hand logical
Cross and sand grain coverage condition is used in conjunction in shooting glass coupon to determine real-time silt coverage rate with Stereo microscope 22.The present invention
By shoot it is different in flow rate under Shoal bar can establish sediment incipient motion and sedimentation overall process, establish silt coverage rate in test piece
Dependency relation between flow velocity, determine lower water body silt content different in flow rate.
The present invention also offer is a kind of to sediment incipient motion and to be sunk at different conditions using said apparatus simulation xenobiotic pollutants
Experimental method is dropped, is comprised the following steps：
(1) precisely add constant weight sand-like with the measuring pump 7 of sample injection unit and a certain amount of xenobiotic pollutants enters
Sample water tank 6, while a certain amount of thick pure water is injected to corresponding graduation mark, enter annular water tank 5 through inlet channel 9.Control main frame 23
The high-speed cruising of water circulating pump 21 of start velocity flow controlling unit, breaks up flocculation silt, makes water husky well mixed.It is then shut off
Flow rate control unit makes sand-like natural subsidence be laid in the bottom of annular water tank 5.Entered after the heavy water of sand is clear using sampling unit
Row silt content determines, and records initial silt content C0。
(2) the temperature value feedback regulation metering that the pH value and temperature control device 3 that control main frame 23 is passed back according to pH meter 13 are passed back
Pump 7 and heating tape 2 make water temperature and pH value reach default value.
(3) when studying sediment incipient motion, wall-mounted current velocity controller 1 is adjusted, is started using low flow velocity, from low flow velocity step by step
High flow velocities are increased to, every grade of flow velocity runs 45min.Meanwhile bed material form is shot using shooting unit, and live-pictures are passed
Transport to stereomicroscope 22.
(4) probe tube 17 is adjusted to required height, drawing a certain amount of water sample by band ear washing bulb siphon pipe preserves.
(5) when studying sediment incipient motion, record sediment incipient motion reach " individual not move ", " a small amount of dynamic ", needed for " all dynamic " state
Flow velocity, draw the balance silt content C under flow velocitys at different levelseq, obtain (Ceq/C0) with tank mean velocity in section v relation curve, i.e.,
Sediment incipient motion Critical curve.When studying sediment settlement, the curve of each flow velocity group silt content and the relation of time is drawn, is led by it
The corresponding settling velocity of numerical computations.
By one or more kinds of pollutants in present apparatus research changing environment simultaneously in the presence of river load fluid make
Starting, suspension, the law study of infall process under, not only to promoting sediment movement theory of mechanics research and development to have actively
The researchs such as meaning is also river regulation, hydraulic engineering construction, waterway effect, biological habitat provide important parameter.
The present invention selects annular water tank, and the distance scale of traditional straight trough is converted into time scale, basic to realize intellectuality
Regulation and control, floor space is small, and construction cost is low, has the advantages of real-time, easy to operate.In this tank, external source is dirty
Contaminating thing concentration can be by the control accurate of measuring pump 7, and the sand-like into tank can drive current high-speed cruising by water circulating pump 21
Afterwards, natural uniform settlement saves manpower and materials into smooth bed material, while paves effect and more manually pave and make moderate progress.This dress
Put and consider xenobiotic pollutants under different condition to sediment incipient motion and the influence of sedimentation.The present invention intends by changing temperature, water body
The conditions such as pH value, allogenic material concentration change influence to sediment incipient motion and subsiding movement process to study water chemistry condition.
Although embodiments of the invention are described above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention is not limited in above-mentioned tool
Body embodiment, above-mentioned embodiment is only schematical, is not restricted, the ordinary skill people of this area
Member in the case of present inventive concept and scope of the claimed protection is not departed from, can also make under the enlightenment of the present invention
Many forms, these are belonged within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of simulation xenobiotic pollutants is to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision of settlement influence, it is characterised in that：Including annular water
Groove (5), sample injection unit, control unit, measuring unit and shooting unit, the sample injection unit are used to inject to annular water tank (5)
Quantitative sand-like and xenobiotic pollutants, described control unit include control main frame (23) and the temperature being connected with control main frame (23)
Control unit, flow rate control unit, the measuring unit include pH value measuring unit, concentration of suspension measuring unit, water
Position measuring unit and sampling unit, the control main frame (23) are used for pH value and the temperature control passed back according to pH value measuring unit
The temperature value regulation sample injection unit and temperature control unit that unit processed is passed back make water temperature and pH value reach default value, flow velocity
Flow controlling unit is used for the flow velocity for controlling silt water in annular water tank (5), and pH value measuring unit, concentration of suspension measurement are single
Member, level measuring unit are located in the test casing (15) connected with annular water tank (5), and sampling unit is used to extract annular water tank
(5) the silt water of different water levels in, the shooting unit are used to shoot bed material form in annular water tank (5).
2. simulation xenobiotic pollutants exists to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision of settlement influence, its feature as claimed in claim 1
In：The sample injection unit includes sample introduction water tank (6), measuring pump (7), inlet channel (9), inlet valve (8), the sample introduction water tank
(6) annular water tank (5) vertical direction is arranged on, the sample introduction water tank (6) is placed on the support consolidated with metope, described
It is connected at the top of sample introduction water tank (6) with measuring pump (7), bottom is connected by the inlet channel (9) with the annular water tank (5),
The inlet valve (8) is arranged on the inlet channel (9), the break-make of control pipeline sample introduction.
3. simulation xenobiotic pollutants exists to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision of settlement influence, its feature as claimed in claim 1
In：The temperature control unit be installed on external labeling type heating tape (2) on the annular water tank (5) and with external labeling type heating tape
(2) temperature control device (3) of connection, external labeling type heating tape (2) pipe laying are cast iron quality, cast-iron pipe outer wall covered with
Heating mantle realizes the heating to water body.
4. simulation xenobiotic pollutants exists to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision of settlement influence, its feature as claimed in claim 1
In：The flow rate control unit includes wall-mounted current velocity controller (1) and is connected with wall-mounted current velocity controller (1)
External clamping external clamping ultrasonic flow instrument (4), water circulating pump (21), water circulating pump (21) intake-outlet and annular water tank
(5) pipeline communicates, and driving water circulation flowing, the external-clamping type ultrasonic flowmeter (4) is fixed on outside cast-iron pipe, passed through
Wall-mounted current velocity controller (1) communicates with control main frame (23), the rotating speed of feedback regulation water circulating pump (21).
5. simulation xenobiotic pollutants exists to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision of settlement influence, its feature as claimed in claim 1
In：Test casing (15) closing is fitted on the outside of the annular water tank (5) pipeline, and annular water is connected by U-tube (24)
Groove (5), U-tube (24) connection annular water tank end are equipped with band valve pneumatic joint (25), and the depth of water body is submerged at adjustable U-tube end
Degree, U-tube (24) have graduated scale close to the pipeline section of annular water tank (5).
6. the simulation xenobiotic pollutants as described in claim 1 or 5 is to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision of settlement influence, its feature
It is：The test casing (15) is divided into two half parts of left and right, and left-half material is transparent organic glass, and right half part is black
Color PVC material, centre are separated by shading lifter plate (27), can move up and down the connection of control left and right two parts water body.
7. simulation xenobiotic pollutants exists to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision of settlement influence, its feature as claimed in claim 6
In：Level measuring unit is posted to measure real time water level, the test casing in described test casing (16) left-half side
(15) probe of concentration of suspension measuring unit is installed, the probe of pH value measuring unit submerges the test casing in right half part
(15) in water, pH value measuring unit and concentration of suspension measuring unit are connected with control main frame (23).
8. simulation xenobiotic pollutants exists to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision of settlement influence, its feature as claimed in claim 1
In：The shooting unit includes glass coupon (11), video camera (12) and Stereo microscope (22), the sample sheet glass
(11) it is located at the annular water tank (5) duct bottom, the video camera (12) is located at sink main body (5) exterior bottom, while just
For the sample sheet glass (11), video camera (12) is used in conjunction with peripheral hardware microscope (22), monitors silt coverage rate and stream in real time
Relation between speed, while Shoal bar can be shot.
9. simulation xenobiotic pollutants exists to sediment incipient motion and the experimental provision of settlement influence, its feature as claimed in claim 1
In：The sampling unit includes probe tube (17) and the loose joint valve (18) on probe tube (17), the probe tube (17)
Annular water tank (13) inside is inserted by the pneumatic joint of loose joint valve (18), passes through pneumatic joint and adjusts probe tube (17) height
Different water level water samples can be extracted, probe tube (17) is in the form of an " L ", is above carved with scale marker, probe tube (17) porch and current
Flow to parallel.
10. one kind simulation xenobiotic pollutants is at different conditions to sediment incipient motion and sedimentation experiment method, it is characterised in that uses
Any one of claim 1-9 device is carried out, and methods described comprises the following steps：
1) precisely add constant weight sand-like with the measuring pump (7) of sample injection unit and a certain amount of xenobiotic pollutants enters sample introduction water
Case (6), while a certain amount of thick pure water is injected to corresponding graduation mark, enter annular water tank (5), control main frame through inlet channel (9)
(23) water circulating pump (21) high-speed cruising of start velocity flow controlling unit, breaks up flocculation silt, makes water husky well mixed, so
Closing flow rate control unit afterwards makes sand-like natural subsidence be laid in annular water tank (5) bottom, using taking after the heavy water of sand is clear
Sample unit carries out silt content measure, records initial silt content C0；
2) the temperature value feedback regulation metering that the pH value and temperature control device (3) that control main frame (23) is passed back according to pH meter (13) are passed back
Pump (7) and heating tape (2) make water temperature and pH value reach default value；
3) when studying sediment incipient motion, wall-mounted current velocity controller (1) is adjusted, is started using low flow velocity, is increased step by step from low flow velocity
High flow velocities are added to, every grade of flow velocity runs 45min, meanwhile, bed material form is shot using shooting unit, and live-pictures are transmitted
To stereomicroscope (22)；
4) probe tube (17) is adjusted to required height, drawing a certain amount of water sample by band ear washing bulb siphon pipe preserves；
5) when studying sediment incipient motion, record sediment incipient motion reaches " individual not move ", " a small amount of dynamic ", " all dynamic " flow velocity needed for state,
Draw the balance silt content C under flow velocitys at different levelseq, obtain (Ceq/C0) with tank mean velocity in section v relation curve, i.e. silt
Start Critical curve.When studying sediment settlement, the curve of each flow velocity group silt content and the relation of time is drawn, passes through its derivative value
Calculate corresponding settling velocity.
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| CN111896437A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-06 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Indoor simulation device for measuring movement rate of micro-plastic in water body |
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| CN115014707A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-09-06 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | Test platform capable of simulating acquisition and discharge of seabed mining system and simulation test method |
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