CN110987740A - Experimental device and method for observing sediment sedimentation rate with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for observing sediment sedimentation rate with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence Download PDFInfo
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sediment sedimentation rate observation experiment device and a sediment sedimentation rate observation experiment method with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence, wherein the sediment sedimentation rate observation experiment device comprises a supporting frame, a sedimentation cylinder, a temperature control device, a motor and a speed measurement device, an upper layer containing plate and a lower layer containing plate are arranged on the supporting frame, the sedimentation cylinder is placed on the lower layer containing plate, the motor is placed on the upper layer containing plate, an opening is formed in the upper layer containing plate, an output shaft of the motor is connected with a propeller extending into the sedimentation cylinder through a connecting rod and the opening, the temperature control device is arranged in the sedimentation cylinder, water taps are arranged on the outer wall of the sedimentation cylinder at equal intervals from top to bottom, a water inlet and outlet valve is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation cylinder, the speed measurement device comprises a supporting column, a fixing rod and a speed measurement instrument, the supporting column is arranged on two. The invention has the capability of adjusting two variables of temperature and turbulence simultaneously in a sediment sedimentation rate experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of experiments on sediment sedimentation phenomena and rules, and particularly relates to a sediment sedimentation rate observation experiment device and method with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence.
Background
The viscous silt is used as a main component of the muddy coast, the physical and chemical properties of the viscous silt directly influence the basic characteristics of the muddy coast, and the properties of the viscous silt can directly or indirectly influence the evolution of the muddy coast, the sedimentation of a harbor basin and a waterway, the transportation of organic matters adsorbed on silt particles and even the ecological environment of ocean water.
The movement of the viscous silt at the river mouth and the coast is very complex and consists of a series of processes such as scouring, sedimentation, consolidation, re-suspension, conveyance of suspended silt along with the water body, floating mud flow and the like. The complexity of the movement of the silt is mainly due to the flocculation of the fine silt particles in the estuary-coastal environment.
Therefore, the research significance of the movement rule of the sediment is more and more prominent. For silt, the sedimentation rate is the basic physical quantity of the whole silt theoretical system, is an important hydraulic characteristic, and has great significance for the calculation of silt deposition amount, the design of a silt basin and other problems. At present, for coarse-particle silt, the sedimentation rule of the silt is completely and clearly researched and is generally related to factors such as the particle size of the silt, the viscosity of a water body and the like; however, for fine silt particles, the settling law is complicated due to the influence of flocculation.
The influence factors of the flocculation and sedimentation of the sticky silt are many and are related to the characteristics of the silt, such as the composition of material minerals, the particle size, the particle shape, the sand content and the like of the silt; influenced by environmental medium conditions, such as ion content, organic matter and microorganism content, salinity and the like in water; meanwhile, the method is also related to the environmental dynamic condition, and the water flow shearing force can also influence the flocculation and sedimentation of silt. Not only the characteristics of the silt, but also the environmental dynamic conditions.
In natural rivers, the static state of water flow can not exist generally, and the conditions are turbulent flow conditions, so that the method has great practical significance for researching flocculation and sedimentation of silt under the condition of water body turbulence. At the same time, temperature, as a general research variable, is considered to be one of the three most important factors in the research of the settling velocity of the granular silt. For water body turbulence and temperature conditions, a large number of scholars have studied on the two variables at home and abroad, but the combined effect of the two variables on silt flocculation is not analyzed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a silt sedimentation rate observation experimental device and a silt sedimentation rate observation experimental method with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence. And (4) drawing a sand content change curve by using the sediment concentration measured at different moments, carrying out correlation analysis to obtain the sediment sedimentation velocity, and summarizing the rule. Finally, the experimental device capable of simultaneously controlling the temperature and the turbulent fluctuation is realized.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an experimental device for observing sediment sedimentation rate with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence, which comprises a supporting frame, a sedimentation cylinder, a temperature control device, a motor and a speed measuring device, the supporting frame is provided with an upper layer containing plate and a lower layer containing plate, the settling cylinder is placed on the lower layer containing plate, the motor is arranged on the upper layer containing plate, the upper layer containing plate is provided with an opening, an output shaft of the motor is connected with a propeller extending into the settling cylinder through a connecting rod and the opening, the temperature control device is arranged in the sedimentation cylinder, the outer wall of the sedimentation cylinder is provided with water taps at equal intervals from top to bottom, the bottom of the sedimentation cylinder is provided with a water inlet valve and a water outlet valve, the speed measuring device comprises support column, dead lever and speed measuring instrument, the support column sets up in braced frame's both sides, and the dead lever passes through the support column to be set up in the top of subsiding a section of thick bamboo, install the speed measuring instrument on the dead lever.
Preferably, the temperature control device comprises a heating rod, and the heating rod is placed close to the inner wall of the sedimentation cylinder to avoid collision with the propeller.
Preferably, the diameter of the settling cylinder is two to three times that of the propeller, so that the settling cylinder can not collide with the heating rod, and the propeller is large enough relative to the cylinder diameter to generate enough turbulence.
Preferably, a longitudinal position adjusting device and a transverse position adjusting device are arranged on the fixing rod, screw rods are respectively arranged in the longitudinal position adjusting device and the transverse position adjusting device, a rocker is arranged on each screw rod, and the speed measuring instrument is fixed on the longitudinal position adjusting device through a fixing steel sheet and a steel bar.
Preferably, the fixing rod is further provided with a caliper.
The other technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a use method of a sediment sedimentation rate observation experiment device with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence comprises the following steps:
(1) adding about 135L of tap water into the settling cylinder to enable the water surface to be located 75cm away from the bottom; adjusting the rotating speed of the motor, adjusting the position of the speed measuring instrument to ensure that the flow speed measuring point is vertically 51cm away from the bottom and radially 6cm away from the cylinder wall, after the water flow is stabilized for about 1 minute, starting to measure the speed and record by the speed measuring instrument, measuring the speed of 3 files each time, and continuously recording each file for 1 minute; adjusting the position of the speed measuring instrument to enable the flow velocity measuring points of the speed measuring instrument to be respectively spaced from the bottom by 55cm, 59cm, 63cm and 67cm, and repeating the recording mode;
(3) adjusting the rotation speed of the motor to be 20rpm, 30rpm and 40rpm respectively, and repeating the steps to finally obtain 20 groups of flow speed data of 60 files; after the flow speed data is obtained, the relation between the rotating speed and the shearing rate of the motor can be deduced;
(4) removing the velocimeter, adding the experimental sample soil kaolin into the sedimentation cylinder, controlling the temperature to be at a certain specific value by using the temperature control device, starting the motor, obtaining the shear rate through the relation between the rotating speed and the shear rate obtained by the velocimeter, taking the shear rate as a representative turbulence as a first variable, and taking the temperature controlled by the temperature control device as a second variable.
(5) And measuring the sediment sedimentation concentration change in the sedimentation cylinder by using a concentration measuring device, and calculating the sediment sedimentation rate.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device can observe the rule of the sediment flocculation and sedimentation under the combined action of temperature and turbulence, reasonably arrange the positions of the heating device, the speed measuring device and the stirring device in the same frame bracket, ensure that the heating device, the speed measuring device and the stirring device are not interfered with each other, and finally realize good experimental effect.
2. In order to ensure that all the devices can normally work without mutual interference, a sedimentation cylinder with a larger diameter is selected, the heating rods are arranged in a hexagon and are arranged close to the wall of the sedimentation cylinder, and the propeller of the stirring device cannot damage the heating device. The heating rod goes deep into the bottom of the barrel, so that the whole sedimentation barrel is uniformly heated. The propeller of the stirring device is arranged close to the bottom of the sedimentation cylinder, and the space above the propeller can be provided for the observation device.
3. Due to the particularity of experimental research, a proper flow velocity measuring point needs to be selected in the container body in the experimental process, the speed measuring device designed by the invention is arranged along the diameter direction of the cylinder, a hole is formed in the upper layer containing plate, and the position adjusting device capable of being adjusted vertically and horizontally along the diameter direction is arranged, so that a speed measuring instrument can conveniently select a proper measuring point, and the caliper is arranged, so that the adjustment can be accurate to a millimeter level. Because the speed measuring instrument is expensive, the invention designs the fixing steel bar which is stable when fixed and can be easily taken down, so that the speed measuring instrument can be immediately disassembled and stored after being used.
4. The invention has the capability of adjusting two variables of temperature and turbulence simultaneously in a sediment sedimentation rate experiment, obtains the relation between the rotating speed of the propeller and the shear rate by deducing a flow rate and shear rate formula and representing the turbulence by using the shear rate, controls the temperature by using the temperature control device, finally measures the sediment concentration change by using the concentration measurement device, calculates the sediment sedimentation rate by using the sediment concentration change, and finally realizes the sediment sedimentation rate observation experiment under the combined action of the temperature and the turbulence.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of the propeller of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the velocity measuring device according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the junction of the stirring device of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the entire experimental apparatus of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-supporting frame, 2-upper layer containing plate, 3-lower layer containing plate, 4-settling cylinder, 5-speed measuring instrument, 6-motor, 7-output shaft, 8-flange plate, 9-connecting steel rod, 10-propeller, 11-water inlet and outlet valve, 12-fixed rod, 13-supporting column, 14-water tap, 15-heating rod, 16-transverse position adjusting device, 17-longitudinal position adjusting device, 18-transverse screw rod, 19-longitudinal screw rod, 20-rocker, 21-fixed steel rod, 22-caliper
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the sediment sedimentation rate observation experiment device with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence comprises a support frame 1, a sedimentation cylinder 4, a temperature control device, a motor 6 and a speed measuring device, wherein an upper layer containing plate 2 and a lower layer containing plate 3 are arranged on the support frame 1, the sedimentation cylinder 4 is placed on the lower layer containing plate 3, the motor 6 is placed on the upper layer containing plate 2, and the two layers of containing plates are designed reasonably to take the placing position of the motor into consideration, so that the experiment is facilitated.
The upper layer containing plate 2 is provided with an opening, an output shaft 7 of the motor 6 is connected with a propeller 10 extending into the settling cylinder through a connecting steel rod 9 and the opening, and the propeller is made of stainless steel; the bottom end of the output shaft of the motor 6 is connected with the top end of the connecting steel rod 9 through the flange 8 and the bolt, so that the instant disassembly can be realized. The diameter of the sedimentation cylinder is two to three times of that of the propeller, so that the sedimentation cylinder can not collide with the heating rod, and the propeller is large enough relative to the cylinder diameter and can generate enough turbulence.
In the embodiment, the height of the sedimentation cylinder 4 is 1000mm, the outer diameter is 48cm, the wall thickness is 1cm, a first water outlet faucet 14 is arranged 15cm away from the bottom of the sedimentation cylinder 4, then, one water outlet faucet is arranged right above the sedimentation cylinder at intervals of 20cm, and the five water outlets are arranged in a vertical row. The bottom of the settling cylinder is also provided with a water inlet and outlet valve 11.
The temperature device comprises a heating part and a temperature control part, wherein the temperature control part is an external temperature controller, the heating part mainly comprises six heating rods 15 which are positioned in a sedimentation cylinder and distributed annularly, and the six heating rods are directly communicated and close to the bottom, so that the heating effect is uniform and effective; the heating rod is arranged close to the inner wall of the sedimentation cylinder, so that collision with the propeller is avoided; the temperature control device controls the work of the heating rod through an automatic switch.
The speed measuring device is composed of a supporting column 13, a fixing rod 12 and a speed measuring instrument 5, the supporting column 13 is arranged on two sides of the supporting frame 1, the fixing rod 12 is arranged above the sedimentation cylinder 4 through the supporting column 13, a longitudinal position adjusting device 16, a transverse position adjusting device 17 and a caliper 22 are arranged on the fixing rod 12, a longitudinal screw 19 and a transverse screw 18 are respectively arranged in the longitudinal position adjusting device 16 and the transverse position adjusting device 17, rockers 20 are respectively arranged on the longitudinal screw 19 and the transverse screw 18, and the speed measuring instrument 6 is fixed on the longitudinal position adjusting device 17 through a fixing steel sheet and a fixing steel bar 21. Heating rod and motor in this embodiment all are equipped with the power consumption interface on the instrument that tests the speed, and the power consumption interface is connected with external power source.
Speed measuring instrument dead lever 12 is fixed subaerial through support column 13 in this embodiment, guarantee that speed measuring instrument 5 can not have vibration or shake when testing the speed, improve the accuracy nature that tests the speed, speed measuring instrument 5 is direct to be fixed on the fixed steel sheet on longitudinal position adjusting device through fixed billet 21, and fixed billet 21 can be dismantled comparatively easily, because precision and precious of speed measuring instrument 5, use up at every turn and all need dismantle complete the saving, so design makes to settle speed measuring instrument and can satisfy fastness and accuracy nature, also can do benefit to speed measuring instrument dismouting. The longitudinal position adjusting device 17 and the transverse position adjusting device 16 can adjust the position of the speed measuring instrument 5 in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction. The observation by the rocker 20 and the caliper 22 enables the velocimeter 5 to be accurately adjusted in mm to the distance of the steel rod 9 connected to the propeller.
In this embodiment, the experiment specifically using the apparatus of the present invention comprises the steps of:
installing each experimental device, and fixing the speed measuring instrument on the speed measuring instrument fixing steel sheet, so that the position can be conveniently adjusted subsequently; adding about 135L of tap water into the settling cylinder to enable the water surface to be located 75cm away from the bottom; adjusting the rotating speed v of the motor, adjusting the position of the speed measuring instrument to ensure that the position of a flow speed measuring point is 51cm from the bottom in the vertical direction and 6cm from the cylinder wall in the radial direction, after the water flow is stabilized for about 1 minute, starting to measure the speed and record by the speed measuring instrument, measuring the speed of 3 files each time, and continuously recording each file for 1 minute; adjusting the position of the speed measuring instrument to enable the flow velocity measuring points to be respectively spaced from the bottom by 55cm, 59cm, 63cm and 67cm, and repeating the recording mode; and adjusting the rotating speed v of the motor to be 20rpm, 30rpm and 40rpm respectively, and repeating the steps to finally obtain 20 groups of 60 files of flow rate data. The relation between the rotating speed v and the shear rate G of the motor can be deduced after the flow speed data is obtained, then the speed measuring instrument is removed, the kaolin of the experimental sample soil is added into the sedimentation cylinder, the temperature is controlled to be at a certain specific value by the temperature control device, the upper floating amplitude and the lower floating amplitude are very small, the motor is started for a period of time, so that the kaolin in the sedimentation cylinder is uniformly distributed, the turbulence representative value shear rate which is obtained through the relation between the rotating speed and the shear rate G obtained by the speed measuring instrument is a first variable, the temperature T controlled by the temperature control device is a second variable, the sediment sedimentation concentration change in the sedimentation cylinder is measured by the concentration measuring device, the sediment sedimentation rate can be calculated, and finally the sediment sedimentation rate observation experiment with simultaneously controllable
In the present embodiment, the relationship between the motor rotation speed and the shear rate is derived by the following formula.
Camp and Stein[1]The relation between the turbulent shear rate G and the turbulent energy dissipation coefficient epsilon is provided, and the expression is as follows:
v is the kinematic viscosity coefficient of the fluid, in the turbulent field, the turbulent energy dissipation coefficient epsilon is related to the turbulent space integral scale l, and the expression is as follows:
in the formula, AεIs a constant close to 1, u' is the root mean square flow velocity of the turbulent field, and l is the turbulent spatial integral scale.
Shy et al[2]It is believed that the spatial turbulence integral scale l can also pass through the temporal integral scale l when the velocity time series is at only a certain point in the turbulence fieldtObtaining the expression:
in the formula ItIs a normalized time-dependent function RtIntegration of (r, t) over time, i.e.:
in the formula, t0Is Rt(r, t) value of t when it is 0 for the first time; the expression of the time-dependent function is: rt(r,t)
In the formula uτ、uτ+tThe pulsating flow rate of the interval time t of the measuring points is shown, and other physical meanings are the same as the above.
When the motor is started to a certain rotating speed, the pulsating flow speed is measured through a speed measuring instrument, and the relation between the rotating speed of the motor and the shearing rate can be obtained through the formula.
The speed measuring instrument in the embodiment is an Acoustic Doppler speed measuring instrument of an acoustics Doppler Velocimeter, and a used concentration measuring device can be a miniature suspended solid image sensor developed by electronic information of southern KAI university and Liuwei subject group of optical engineering college. The instrument consists of a light source, a probe (a light-emitting probe and a receiving probe), an optical fiber (a light transmitting optical fiber and an optical fiber image transmitting bundle), a camera and the like. When the device works, the light-emitting probe and the receiving probe are connected with each other and are placed in a water body with concentration to be measured, the light source is turned on, light is emitted from the light-emitting probe and is refracted and emitted through particles in the water body and received by the receiving probe, the received image is transmitted to the camera through the optical fiber by the receiving probe and is displayed in a display of a computer, and the concentration to be measured and the particle size of the particles in the water body can be obtained by analyzing the shot image.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An experimental device for observing sedimentation rate of silt with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence is characterized by comprising a supporting frame, a sedimentation cylinder, a temperature control device, a motor and a speed measuring device, wherein an upper layer containing plate and a lower layer containing plate are arranged on the supporting frame, the sedimentation cylinder is placed on the lower layer containing plate, the motor is placed on the upper layer containing plate, an opening is formed in the upper layer containing plate, an output shaft of the motor is connected with a propeller extending into the sedimentation cylinder through a connecting rod and the opening, the temperature control device is arranged in the sedimentation cylinder, water taps are arranged on the outer wall of the sedimentation cylinder at equal intervals from top to bottom, a water inlet and outlet valve is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation cylinder, the speed measuring device consists of a supporting column, a fixing rod and an instrument, the supporting column is arranged at two sides of the supporting frame, and the fixing rod is arranged above the sedimentation cylinder through, and a speed measuring instrument is arranged on the fixed rod.
2. The experimental apparatus for observing the sedimentation rate of sediment with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature control device comprises a heating rod, and the heating rod is placed close to the inner wall of the sedimentation cylinder to avoid collision with the propeller.
3. The experimental apparatus for observing the sedimentation rate of silt with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the sedimentation cylinder is two to three times that of the propeller, so as to ensure that the propeller does not collide with the heating rod, and also ensure that the propeller is large enough relative to the cylinder diameter to generate enough turbulence.
4. The experimental apparatus for observing the sedimentation rate of sediment with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fixing rod is provided with a longitudinal position adjusting device and a transverse position adjusting device, the longitudinal position adjusting device and the transverse position adjusting device are respectively provided with a screw rod, the screw rods are respectively provided with a rocker, and the longitudinal position adjusting device is fixed with the speed measuring instrument through a fixing steel sheet and a steel bar.
5. The experimental apparatus for observing sedimentation rate of silt with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fixing rod is further provided with a caliper.
6. A method for using the experimental device for observing the sedimentation rate of sediment with simultaneously controllable temperature and turbulence according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding about 135L of tap water into the settling cylinder to enable the water surface to be located 75cm away from the bottom; adjusting the rotating speed of the motor, adjusting the position of the speed measuring instrument to ensure that the flow speed measuring point is vertically 51cm away from the bottom and radially 6cm away from the cylinder wall, after the water flow is stabilized for about 1 minute, starting to measure the speed and record by the speed measuring instrument, measuring the speed of 3 files each time, and continuously recording each file for 1 minute; adjusting the position of the speed measuring instrument to enable the flow velocity measuring points of the speed measuring instrument to be respectively spaced from the bottom by 55cm, 59cm, 63cm and 67cm, and repeating the recording mode;
(3) adjusting the rotation speed of the motor to be 20rpm, 30rpm and 40rpm respectively, and repeating the steps to finally obtain 20 groups of flow speed data of 60 files; after the flow speed data is obtained, the relation between the rotating speed and the shearing rate of the motor can be deduced;
(4) removing the velocimeter, adding the experimental sample soil kaolin into the sedimentation cylinder, controlling the temperature to be at a certain specific value by using the temperature control device, starting the motor, obtaining the shear rate through the relation between the rotating speed and the shear rate obtained by the velocimeter, taking the shear rate as a representative turbulence as a first variable, and taking the temperature controlled by the temperature control device as a second variable.
(5) And measuring the sediment sedimentation concentration change in the sedimentation cylinder by using a concentration measuring device, and calculating the sediment sedimentation rate.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115144310A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-10-04 | 重庆交通大学 | Propeller type flocculation sedimentation test device and method |
| CN116106471A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-05-12 | 四川大学 | Sediment still water sedimentation velocity test method considering particle size distribution influence |
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