CN111893948A - Ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111893948A CN111893948A CN202010719413.0A CN202010719413A CN111893948A CN 111893948 A CN111893948 A CN 111893948A CN 202010719413 A CN202010719413 A CN 202010719413A CN 111893948 A CN111893948 A CN 111893948A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001123263 Zostera Species 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/066—Quays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling, which comprises: the existing old wall structure is positioned at a revetment, and the wall body of the existing old wall structure is dismantled at least below the annual average water level; constructing a riprap protection slope on the wall rear slope of the existing old wall structure; constructing a hydrophilic platform at the top of the rear wall slope of the existing old wall structure and positioned at the rear side of the riprap protection slope; wave-eliminating landscape ecological plants planted at the outer edge of the hydrophilic platform; constructing an submerged dam on the river, lake and beach land in front of the current old wall structure wall; a filling soil platform which is arranged on the river and lake beach and is positioned between the current old wall structure and the submerged dam is constructed; and a biocenosis constructed on the fill soil platform. Also discloses a construction method of the ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling. The ecological restoration method is good in ecological restoration effect and beneficial to river and lake shorelines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy revetment structures, in particular to an ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling and a construction method thereof.
Background
With the gradual deepening of the ecological civilization concept, the comprehensive treatment of the water environment of rivers and lakes is promoted, the ecological restoration of the water of the rivers and lakes is enhanced, and the necessity of the system for improving the health of the ecological system of the water body of the rivers and lakes is increasingly highlighted.
The construction of wetland around rivers and lakes is an important means for restoring water ecosystem. In the treatment of rivers and lakes, by reserving and constructing a plurality of peripheral wetlands and constructing a biological community, the functions of wetland regulation, water source conservation, pollutant degradation and buffering can be realized. The wetlands and main water bodies can form a complete ecological habitat system, the naturally variable forms of rivers and lakes are fundamentally restored or reconstructed, the wetland system is a basic condition for restoring the ecological function of the water bodies, and the wetland system has important significance for maintaining the dynamic balance of the ecological environment of the water bodies, creating rich waterfront habitats and protecting and breeding various ecological communities.
However, in practical engineering, on one hand, the traditional vertical revetment for river and lake flood control has deep water, large waves and rapid stream in front of the revetment, and the plant community of the peripheral wetland system is difficult to survive, and on the other hand, the flood control wall blocks the exchange of materials and energy between water and land, so that the construction effect of the water ecological environment is influenced, and the requirement for river and lake ecological restoration cannot be met.
The applicant has therefore made an advantageous search and attempt to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the context of which the technical solutions to be described below have been created.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling is good in ecological restoration effect and beneficial to river and lake shorelines.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: provides a construction method of the ecological wetland bank protection structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling.
The invention relates to an ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling, which comprises:
the existing old wall structure is positioned at a revetment, and the wall body of the existing old wall structure is dismantled at least below the annual average water level;
constructing a riprap protection slope on the wall rear slope of the existing old wall structure;
constructing a hydrophilic platform at the top of the rear wall slope of the existing old wall structure and positioned at the rear side of the riprap protection slope;
wave-eliminating landscape ecological plants planted at the outer edge of the hydrophilic platform;
constructing an submerged dam on the river, lake and beach land in front of the current old wall structure wall;
a filling soil platform which is arranged on the river and lake beach and is positioned between the current old wall structure and the submerged dam is constructed; and
and constructing a biological community on the filling soil platform.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the existing old wall structure is one of an upright concrete retaining wall structure, an upright reinforced concrete retaining wall structure, or an upright grouted block stone retaining wall structure.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a landscape stone coping is provided on the top of the demolished old wall structure.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the landscape stone coping is built by adopting a bonding material.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a reverse filter geotextile is provided on the rear side of the existing old wall structure and the landscape stone coping.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a geonet cushion soil fixing layer is laid on the bottom surface of the riprap revetment.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the riprap revetment is 200 cm-400 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrophilic platform has a top surface elevation higher than the annual average water level by 200cm to 300cm, and the hydrophilic platform is provided with a pedestrian passageway and/or a leisure and recreation facility.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wave-dissipating landscape ecological plants comprise sargentgloryvine stems and shrubs in rows.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the submerged dam is formed by throwing and filling wall stones removed from the existing old wall structure, the crest elevation of the submerged dam is slightly lower than the average normal water level for many years, and the submerged dam is positioned 10 m-50 m before the wall of the existing old wall structure.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filling soil platform is formed by filling dredged soil and/or bank slope dug filling soil, and the top surface of the filling soil platform is 20 cm-50 cm lower than the annual average water level.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the biological community comprises aquatic animals including clear water fish and mollusks and/or aquatic plants including submerged plants, emergent plants and leafy plants; the submerged plant is one or more of evergreen short-type eel grass, modified bitter grass or chrysanthemum grass, the emergent plant is one or more of reed, cattail or cane shoot, and the leafy plant is one or more of duckweed, arrowhead or hot pickled mustard herb.
The construction method of the ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling as the second aspect of the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1, dismantling the existing old wall structure to enable the elevation of the wall body of the existing old wall structure to be below the average normal water level for many years;
step S2, throwing and filling the wall block stones removed from the existing old wall structure to the river and lake beach ground in front of the existing old wall structure wall to form a submerged dam, and constructing a construction enclosure in front of the submerged dam;
step S3, filling soil between the current old wall structure and the submerged dam on the river, lake and beach to form a filling soil platform, and constructing a biological community on the filling soil platform;
step S4, constructing riprap slope protection on the rear slope of the wall of the existing old wall structure;
and step S5, constructing a hydrophilic platform at the top of the rear slope of the wall of the existing old wall structure, and planting wave-dissipating landscape ecological plants at the outer edge of the hydrophilic platform.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the submerged dam and the filling soil platform are arranged on the riparian zone near the river and lake to reshape the topography of the riparian zone and the river and lake, so that the survival rate of the riparian zone submerged emergent aquatic plant community can be obviously improved, a wetland capable of buffering pollutants and purifying water is formed at the periphery of the river and lake, a good water ecosystem is constructed, and the ecological restoration result of the river and lake is enhanced; meanwhile, the wetland can further reduce the wind waves of rivers and lakes and has a certain protection effect on the coastline of the rivers and lakes. The invention also improves the water bank protection, improves the exchange capacity of the material and energy between water and land, and improves the hydrophilic and landscape ecological effects.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake landform remodeling is shown, and comprises a current old wall structure 100, a landscape stone coping 200, a riprap revetment 300, a hydrophilic platform 400, wave-breaking landscape ecological plants 500, an underground dam 600, a filling soil platform 700 and a biological community 800.
The existing old wall structure 100 is located at a revetment, and a wall portion of the existing old wall structure 100 is removed at least below an average ambient water level for at most years. In the present embodiment, the existing old wall structure 100 may be one of a vertical concrete retaining wall structure, a vertical reinforced concrete retaining wall structure, or a vertical grouted block stone retaining wall structure.
The landscape stone coping 200 is provided on the roof of the existing old wall structure 100 after the removal. In this embodiment, the landscape stone ballast 200 is constructed by using a bonding material such as mortar or cement paste. In order to improve the reverse filtering performance, a reverse filtering geotextile (not shown) may be provided on the rear side of the existing old wall structure 100 and the landscape stone coping 200.
The riprap slope protection 300 is constructed on the slope behind the wall of the existing old wall structure 100. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the riprap slope 300 is preferably 200cm to 400 cm. In order to improve the stability of the riprap slope 300, a soil net cushion soil layer (not shown) may be laid on the bottom of the riprap slope 300.
The hydrophilic platform 400 is constructed at the top of the rear wall of the existing old wall structure 100 and is located at the rear side of the riprap slope protection 300. The top surface elevation of the hydrophilic platform 400 is 200 cm-300 cm higher than the annual average water level, and a pedestrian passageway and/or a leisure and entertainment facility can be arranged on the hydrophilic platform 400.
The wave-dissipating landscape ecological plants 500 are planted at the outer edge of the hydrophilic platform 400. The wave-dissipating landscape ecological plant 500 can be a plant such as a vine or a shrub in a row.
The submerged dam 600 is constructed on the river/lake beach ground in front of the existing old wall structure 100. The submerged dam 600 may be formed by filling and dumping wall stones removed from the existing old wall structure 100, and has a dam crest elevation slightly lower than the annual average normal water level, a dam crest width of about 1m, and a position 10m to 50m in front of the wall of the existing old wall structure 100.
The filling soil platform 700 is constructed on the river/lake beach and is located between the current old wall structure 100 and the submerged dam 600. The filling soil platform 700 is formed by dredging soil and/or digging, filling and throwing filling soil on a bank slope, and the elevation of the top surface of the filling soil platform 700 is 20 cm-50 cm lower than the annual average normal water level.
The biocenosis 800 is constructed on a fill soil platform 700. In this embodiment, the biofortion 800 includes aquatic animals and/or aquatic plants. The aquatic animals can be clear water type fishes or aquatic animals such as mollusks, the aquatic plants can be submerged plants, emerged plants or aquatic plants such as leafy plants, the submerged plants can be one or more of evergreen short-type bitter herbs, modified bitter herbs or chrysanthemum flowers, the emerged plants can be one or more of reed, cattail or cane shoots, and the leafy plants can be one or more of duckweed, arrowhead or hot pickled mustard tubers.
The invention discloses a construction method of an ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling, which comprises the following steps:
and step S1, dismantling the existing old wall structure 100 to enable the elevation of the wall body of the existing old wall structure 100 to be below the average normal water level for many years, and arranging a landscape stone coping 200 on the top of the dismantled existing old wall structure 100. Considering the influence of wind waves, in an area with large wind waves, the wall body of the existing old wall structure 100 is removed to be located near or below the average normal water level for many years, as shown in fig. 1; in the area with smaller wind waves, the wall body part of the existing old wall structure 100 can be completely removed, only the old wall bottom plate part is reserved, or the old wall bottom plate part is not reserved, as shown in fig. 2, if the old wall structure is completely removed, the landscape stone coping 200 is not needed.
Step S2, the wall stones removed from the old wall structure 100 are cast and filled on the river beach ground in front of the old wall structure 100 to form a submerged dam 600, and the construction fence 10 is constructed in front of the submerged dam 600.
Step S3, filling soil between the existing old wall structure 100 and the submerged dam 600 on the river, lake and beach to form a filling soil platform 700, constructing a biological community 800 on the filling soil platform 700, and performing underwater terrain remodeling of the near shore waterfront zone.
Step S4, a riprap slope protection 300 is constructed on the rear slope of the existing old wall structure 100.
Step S5, constructing a hydrophilic platform 400 at the top of the rear slope of the existing old wall structure 100, and wave-eliminating landscape ecological plants 500 at the outer edge of the hydrophilic platform 400.
According to the invention, the submerged dam and the filling soil platform are arranged on the riparian zone near the river and lake to reshape the topography of the riparian zone and the river and lake, so that the survival rate of the riparian zone submerged emergent aquatic plant community can be obviously improved, a wetland capable of buffering pollutants and purifying water is formed at the periphery of the river and lake, a good water ecosystem is constructed, and the ecological restoration result of the river and lake is enhanced; meanwhile, the wetland can further reduce the wind waves of rivers and lakes and has a certain protection effect on the coastline of the rivers and lakes. The invention also improves the water bank protection, improves the exchange capacity of the material and energy between water and land, and improves the hydrophilic and landscape ecological effects.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (13)
1. The utility model provides an ecological wetland revetment structure based on river lake topography is remolded which characterized in that includes:
the existing old wall structure is positioned at a revetment, and the wall body of the existing old wall structure is dismantled at least below the annual average water level;
constructing a riprap protection slope on the wall rear slope of the existing old wall structure;
constructing a hydrophilic platform at the top of the rear wall slope of the existing old wall structure and positioned at the rear side of the riprap protection slope;
wave-eliminating landscape ecological plants planted at the outer edge of the hydrophilic platform;
constructing an submerged dam on the river, lake and beach land in front of the current old wall structure wall;
a filling soil platform which is arranged on the river and lake beach and is positioned between the current old wall structure and the submerged dam is constructed; and
and constructing a biological community on the filling soil platform.
2. The ecological wetland revetment structure based on terrain remodeling of rivers and lakes of claim 1, wherein the current old wall structure is one of a vertical concrete retaining wall structure, a vertical reinforced concrete retaining wall structure or a vertical grouted block stone retaining wall structure.
3. The ecological wetland revetment structure based on terrain remodeling of rivers and lakes of claim 1, wherein a landscape stone coping is arranged on the wall coping of the existing old wall structure after being dismantled.
4. The ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling of claim 2, wherein the landscape stone ballast is built by bonding materials.
5. The ecological wetland revetment structure based on terrain remodeling of rivers and lakes of claim 2, wherein a layer of anti-filtration geotextile is arranged on the rear side of the existing old wall structure and the landscape stone coping.
6. The ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling of claim 1, wherein a geonet cushion soil fixing layer is laid on the bottom surface of the riprap revetment.
7. The ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the riprap revetment is 200 cm-400 cm.
8. The ecological wetland revetment structure based on terrain remodeling of rivers and lakes of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the hydrophilic platform is higher than the annual average water level by 200-300 cm, and a pedestrian passageway and/or a leisure and recreation facility are/is arranged on the hydrophilic platform.
9. The ecological wetland revetment structure based on terrain remodeling of rivers and lakes of claim 1, wherein the wave-dissipating landscape ecological plants comprise sargentgloryvine stems and shrubs in rows.
10. The ecological wetland revetment structure based on terrain remodeling of rivers and lakes of claim 1, wherein the submerged dam is formed by dumping and filling wall stones removed from the existing old wall structure, the elevation of the dam crest of the submerged dam is slightly lower than the average normal water level for many years, and the dam crest is positioned at a position 10 m-50 m before the wall of the existing old wall structure.
11. The ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling of claim 1, wherein the fill soil platform is formed by dredging soil and/or digging and filling soil on a bank slope, and the top surface elevation of the fill soil platform is 20-50 cm lower than the annual average water level.
12. The ecological wetland revetment structure based on remodeling of river and lake terrain according to claim 1, wherein the biocenosis comprises aquatic animals and/or aquatic plants, the aquatic animals comprise clear water type fishes and spiral shells, and the aquatic plants comprise submerged plants, emergent plants and floating plants; the submerged plant is one or more of evergreen short-type eel grass, modified bitter grass or chrysanthemum grass, the emergent plant is one or more of reed, cattail or cane shoot, and the leafy plant is one or more of duckweed, arrowhead or hot pickled mustard herb.
13. A construction method of the ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising the following steps:
step S1, dismantling the existing old wall structure to enable the elevation of the wall body of the existing old wall structure to be below the average normal water level for many years;
step S2, throwing and filling the wall block stones removed from the existing old wall structure to the river and lake beach ground in front of the existing old wall structure wall to form a submerged dam, and constructing a construction enclosure in front of the submerged dam;
step S3, filling soil between the current old wall structure and the submerged dam on the river, lake and beach to form a filling soil platform, and constructing a biological community on the filling soil platform;
step S4, constructing riprap slope protection on the rear slope of the wall of the existing old wall structure;
and step S5, constructing a hydrophilic platform at the top of the rear slope of the wall of the existing old wall structure, and planting wave-dissipating landscape ecological plants at the outer edge of the hydrophilic platform.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010719413.0A CN111893948A (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2020-07-23 | Ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling and construction method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010719413.0A CN111893948A (en) | 2020-07-23 | 2020-07-23 | Ecological wetland revetment structure based on river and lake terrain remodeling and construction method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117263446A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-12-22 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Multi-pond wetland topography remodelling method based on sewage treatment and habitat improvement |
| CN117266090A (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2023-12-22 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Coastal zone structure with storm prevention and ecological landscape and construction method |
-
2020
- 2020-07-23 CN CN202010719413.0A patent/CN111893948A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117263446A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-12-22 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Multi-pond wetland topography remodelling method based on sewage treatment and habitat improvement |
| CN117266090A (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2023-12-22 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Coastal zone structure with storm prevention and ecological landscape and construction method |
| CN117266090B (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2024-02-06 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Coastal zone structure with storm prevention and ecological landscape and construction method |
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