CN111883927B - Integrated 5G array antenna unit - Google Patents
Integrated 5G array antenna unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN111883927B CN111883927B CN202010775826.0A CN202010775826A CN111883927B CN 111883927 B CN111883927 B CN 111883927B CN 202010775826 A CN202010775826 A CN 202010775826A CN 111883927 B CN111883927 B CN 111883927B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated 5G array antenna unit which comprises a square radiation patch, an air cavity, a gap coupling layer, a wired feeding and scaling layer and a radio frequency metal ground, wherein the square radiation patch, the air cavity, the gap coupling layer, the wired feeding and scaling layer and the radio frequency metal ground are integrally processed from top to bottom in sequence by adopting an LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramic) process. The invention has the advantages of calibration monitoring function, easy integration, low profile and excellent electrical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave antenna technology, in particular to an integrated 5G array antenna unit.
Background
The fifth generation mobile communication (5G) is a next generation mobile communication system developed to meet the demand for future mobile communication. At present, 5G has attracted extensive attention of researchers and scholars at home and abroad as a research hotspot in the field of mobile communication. The government of China always pays attention to the development of communication technology, and great force is already put into the 5G field for technical tracking and pre-research. The Ministry of industry and communications has formally released the opinion proposal of frequency use request of the 5G system in China, and the proposal applies 3.3GHz-3.6GHz, 4.8GHz-5.0GHz, 24.75GHz-27.5GHz and 37GHz-42.5GHz to 5G.
The 5G mobile communication system is still in the research stage, and the massive MIMO technology is one of the research hotspots of the 5G. Massive MIMO technology, i.e. using massive antenna arrays in the system. For a system using multiple antennas, the transmission path of signals increases, thereby realizing spatial multiplexing and effectively improving the spectral efficiency and reliability of the system. By using the large-scale antenna array, the intelligent shaping of multi-user beams can be realized, the directionality of the beams is increased, the spatial resolution is remarkably enhanced compared with the existing MIMO, the spatial dimension resources can be deeply excavated, and the frequency spectrum efficiency is greatly improved. Meanwhile, because the wave beams are more concentrated, the interference to other users can be reduced, the transmitting power is reduced, and the power efficiency is improved. However, the drastic increase in the number of antennas and the number of rf channels also brings great design difficulties and challenges to the design of the whole rf system, especially the integration of the antenna array and the rf channels.
Generally, a large-scale active array antenna needs to have an internal calibration monitoring function, so that on one hand, the fault condition of a radio frequency channel can be monitored in real time, and on the other hand, the amplitude and phase errors of the whole radio frequency system can be corrected. Therefore, a single directional coupler chip or an integrated directional coupler is used in the rf system. However, since the frequency of the 24.75-27.5GHz band is high, the unit pitch for realizing large-angle scanning is small, the difficulty of integrating the directional coupler is high, and the cost of components is increased, so that the directional coupler is not an optimal design scheme. Therefore, the design of an ideal array antenna element must take into account three aspects: antenna performance, structural form, antenna scale, and manufacturing cost. The main indicators describing the antenna performance are: 1) standing waves, 2) insertion loss, 3) cell patterns, 4) scan range, 5) bandwidth, and the like.
The array unit form which can be used for the 5G mobile communication system is divided by the radiation direction, and comprises an end fire antenna and a side radiation antenna. The slot line gradient antenna, the yagi antenna and other forms have the advantages of easy integration, large scanning angle and large bandwidth, are suitable for a one-dimensional end-fire array system, and if the slot line gradient antenna, the yagi antenna and other forms are applied to two-dimensional lateral scanning, the section height of the slot line gradient antenna and the yagi antenna is increased, and the miniaturization and the light weight of the system are not easy. The patch antenna belongs to a lateral radiation antenna, can realize two-dimensional scanning, and has the characteristics of low profile and easy integration, but the patch antenna has the following defects at present:
a) the bandwidth is narrow;
b) has no calibration function.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an integrated 5G array antenna unit which has the advantages of calibration monitoring function, easy integration, low section and excellent electrical property.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The utility model provides an integration 5G array antenna unit, includes square radiation paster, air chamber, gap coupling layer, band wire feed and calibration layer, radio frequency metal ground, square radiation paster, air chamber, gap coupling layer, band wire feed and calibration layer, radio frequency metal ground adopt LTCC technology to form from top to bottom integration processing in proper order.
H-shaped gaps are etched on the gap coupling layer, the strip line feeding and scaling layer adopts double-finger strip lines, and the strip line feeding and scaling layer integrates strip coupling lines.
And the H-shaped slot and the double-finger strip line are used for feeding.
The isolation port with the wire feeding and calibration layer is integrated with a thin film resistor.
A square air cavity is left below the square radiation patch.
The radio frequency metal ground and the gap coupling layer are connected through the metalized through hole.
The bottommost layer of the integrated 5G array antenna unit is a radio frequency metal ground.
The radio frequency signal interface is in a coaxial form.
The radio frequency signal feed port and a rear end active circuit are interconnected by adopting BGA (ball grid array), or the radio frequency signal feed port and the rear end circuit are packaged and integrally processed, an inner conductor of the radio frequency signal feed port is connected with a double-finger strip line feed layer, and a radio frequency signal conducted from a strip line passes through an H-shaped slit coupling layer to reach a square radiation patch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) the integrated 5G array antenna unit adopts an H-shaped gap and double-finger-shaped strip line feed, so that wide-angle scanning broadband impedance matching can be realized, and compared with the traditional microstrip gap coupling, backward radiation is avoided, the forward radiation efficiency is improved, and the interference of a rear-end active circuit is reduced.
(2) The integrated 5G array antenna unit adopts an LTCC process, can form a low-profile radiating unit and is easy to integrate with a back-end circuit. Because the air cavity is reserved below the square radiation patch, the bandwidth of the antenna is further improved, the dielectric loss is reduced, and the radiation efficiency is improved.
(3) The integrated 5G array antenna unit integrates the coupling line at the on-line feed position, realizes the internal calibration monitoring function, avoids additionally adding a directional coupler, can reduce the integration difficulty of a back end circuit, and simultaneously reduces the component cost.
(4) Two-dimensional wide bandwidth angular scanning. The integrated 5G array antenna unit can realize +/-45-degree scanning standing waves smaller than 2.5 in the frequency range of 24-28 GHz.
(5) The section is low. The height of the cross section of the whole antenna unit is 1.6 mm.
(6) The cost is low. The integrated 5G array antenna unit integrates the coupling line with the line feed layer, has an internal calibration function, does not need an additional directional coupler, and reduces the cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional perspective view of an integrated 5G array antenna unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side perspective view of an integrated 5G array antenna unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top perspective view of an integrated 5G array antenna unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a two-dimensional plan view of the square radiating patch and the air cavity of the integrated 5G array antenna unit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a two-dimensional plan view of an H-shaped slot coupling layer of the integrated 5G array antenna unit of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a two-dimensional plan view of a dual-finger stripline feed and calibration layer of the integrated 5G array antenna unit of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows the periodic boundary H-plane scanning standing wave of the integrated 5G array antenna unit of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows the integrated 5G array antenna unit periodic boundary E-plane scanning standing waves of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a square radiation patch 2, an air cavity 3, a calibration layer 4, a double-finger strip line feed layer 5, an H-shaped slot coupling layer 6, a metalized through hole 7, a radio frequency signal feed port 8, a calibration port 9 and a thin film resistor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the integrated 5G array antenna unit of the present invention mainly comprises a square radiation patch 1, an air cavity 2, an H-shaped slot coupling layer 5, a dual-finger strip line feed 4, a scaling layer 3, a metalized via hole 6, etc. The whole antenna unit is integrally processed by adopting an LTCC process.
The integrated 5G array antenna unit adopts a gap coupling feed mode, and a radio frequency signal interface adopts a coaxial form. The radio frequency signal feed port 7 and a back-end active circuit can be interconnected by adopting BGA (ball grid array) or integrally processed with a back-end circuit in a packaging way, an inner conductor of the radio frequency signal feed port is connected with the double-finger strip line feed layer 4, a radio frequency signal conducted from a strip line is coupled to the square radiation patch 1 through the H-shaped gap layer 5 and finally radiated to a free space. Meanwhile, the radio frequency signal conducted from the double-finger strip line 4 is coupled to the strip line coupling line and output by the calibration port 8, and the isolation port is matched by adopting a thin film resistor 9. The antenna unit not only has a radiation function, but also can realize internal calibration monitoring, and can reduce the integration difficulty and cost of the back-end circuit. The metallized via hole 6 connects the H-shaped gap layer with the radio frequency metal ground, so that the common ground and high-quality transmission of radio frequency signals can be ensured, signal leakage can be prevented, mutual coupling among the array antennas is reduced, and two-dimensional large-angle scanning of the array antennas is realized. The H-shaped slot 5 and the double-finger strip line 4 are used for feeding, and the performance of wide-band wide-angle scanning is realized. In order to increase the bandwidth of the antenna element and reduce the dielectric loss, a square air cavity 2 is left below the square radiating patch. Not only can reduce dielectric loss, but also can improve the radiation performance of the antenna and improve the radiation efficiency. The bottom layer of the antenna unit is a radio frequency metal ground, so that the energy of the antenna can be radiated forwards, the backward radiation is reduced, and the electromagnetic coupling with a back end circuit is avoided.
The size of the antenna unit is 7mm multiplied by 1.6 mm; the height between the feed layer 4 with the line and the radio frequency metal ground is 0.3mm, and the height between the H-shaped slit coupling layer and the feed layer with the line is 0.3 mm; the height of the square radiation sheet and the H-shaped gap coupling layer is 0.6mm, and the plane size is 3.4mm multiplied by 3.4 mm; the size of the air cavity is 6mm multiplied by 0.4 mm; the two arms of the H-shaped gap are 0.9mm multiplied by 3.3mm, and the middle of the H-shaped gap is 0.5mm multiplied by 1.2 mm; the dimensions of the two arms of the double-finger strip line are 0.65mm multiplied by 1.2mm, and the middle dimension is 0.2mm multiplied by 1.6 mm. The resistance value of the coupled line isolation terminal is 50 Ω.
Structural design of 1-in-one 5G array antenna unit
The integrated 5G array antenna unit designed by the patent mainly comprises a square radiation patch, an air cavity, an H-shaped slot coupling layer, a double-finger strip line feed and calibration layer, a metalized via hole and the like. The whole antenna unit is integrally processed by adopting an LTCC process and can be connected with a back-end circuit in a BGA (ball grid array) mode or integrally packaged, and the whole structure has the characteristics of low profile and high reliability.
Telecommunication design of 2 integrated 5G array antenna unit
In order to meet the requirement of 5G large-scale MIMO on a 24.75-27.5GHz frequency band broadband wide-angle scanning antenna, electromagnetic simulation software is utilized, and the structural size of the antenna is optimally designed. In the optimization design stage, the adjustable parameters are as follows: square radiation patch parameters, H-shaped slot parameters, double finger stripline, and air cavity size parameters. By optimizing these parameters, different antenna performance requirements can be met.
Working principle of 3-in-one 5G array antenna unit
The radio frequency feed port and the calibration port of the antenna unit are of a coaxial structure, and radio frequency signals are coupled to the square patch through the double-finger strip line through the H-shaped gap and finally radiated to a free space. The port matching of the antenna can realize excellent internal detection performance by adjusting the size of the feed interface and the calibration function by adjusting the size of the coupling line. An air cavity is reserved below the square radiation patch, so that not only can the dielectric loss be reduced, but also the bandwidth of the antenna can be increased.
The main performance indexes of the integrated 5G array antenna unit are shown in figures 7-8.
1, working frequency: 24 GHz-28 GHz;
2 standing wave is less than or equal to 2.5;
3, scanning range: 45 degrees;
4 unit size: 7 mm. times.7 mm. times.1.6 mm.
Claims (6)
1. An integrated 5G array antenna unit is characterized by comprising a square radiation patch, an air cavity, a slot coupling layer, a strip line feed and calibration layer and a radio frequency metal ground, wherein the square radiation patch, the air cavity, the slot coupling layer, the strip line feed and calibration layer and the radio frequency metal ground are integrally processed from top to bottom in sequence by adopting an LTCC process, an H-shaped slot is etched on the slot coupling layer, the strip line feed and calibration layer adopts double-finger strip lines, the strip line feed and calibration layer integrates the strip coupling lines, the H-shaped slot and the double-finger strip lines are used for feeding, the cross section height of the integrated 5G array antenna unit is 1.6mm, the integrated 5G array antenna unit realizes +/-45-degree scanning standing waves within the frequency range of 24-28GHz and is less than 2.5, and the double-finger strip lines comprise a first strip line and a second U-shaped strip line, one end of the first strip line is connected with a radio frequency signal feed port, the other end of the first strip line is connected with the U-shaped lower end of the second U-shaped strip line, and the strip line feed and calibration layer comprises a double-finger-shaped strip line and a strip coupling line; the radio frequency signal conducted from the double-finger strip line is coupled to the square radiation patch through the H-shaped slot layer and finally radiated to a free space; meanwhile, radio frequency signals conducted from the double-finger strip line are coupled to the strip coupling line and output by the calibration port, and the other end of the strip coupling line is an isolation port.
2. The integrated 5G array antenna element according to claim 1, wherein the isolation port of the strip feed and calibration layer incorporates a thin film resistor.
3. The integrated 5G array antenna unit of claim 1, wherein a square air cavity is left under the square radiating patch.
4. The integrated 5G array antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the RF ground and the slot coupling layer are connected by a metallized via.
5. The unified 5G array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a radio frequency signal interface, which is in coaxial form.
6. The integrated 5G array antenna unit of claim 5, wherein the RF signal feed port and the back-end active circuit are interconnected by BGA, or the RF signal feed port and the back-end circuit are packaged and processed integrally, the inner conductor of the RF signal feed port is connected with the dual-finger strip line, and the RF signal conducted from the dual-finger strip line passes through the H-shaped slot coupling layer to the square radiation patch.
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