CN111875637A - 一种膦配体及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种膦配体及其合成方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111875637A CN111875637A CN202010885550.1A CN202010885550A CN111875637A CN 111875637 A CN111875637 A CN 111875637A CN 202010885550 A CN202010885550 A CN 202010885550A CN 111875637 A CN111875637 A CN 111875637A
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- Prior art keywords
- phosphine
- ligand
- mmol
- molar ratio
- tert
- Prior art date
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- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HDULBKVLSJEMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylphosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1PC1CCCCC1 HDULBKVLSJEMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- CRHWEIDCXNDTMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)PC(C)(C)C CRHWEIDCXNDTMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KUIAJKPVKOXUQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl(phenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1PC1=CC=CC=C1 KUIAJKPVKOXUQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- BNQYHIPZVFCVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(cyclohexyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)PC1CCCCC1 BNQYHIPZVFCVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZSSMIQURWRIOCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(phenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)PC1=CC=CC=C1 ZSSMIQURWRIOCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 106
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- LTBWKAYPXIIVPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-9h-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC(Br)=CC=C3NC2=C1 LTBWKAYPXIIVPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 phosphine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropan-2-olate Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- IMRWILPUOVGIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromopyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=N1 IMRWILPUOVGIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- IBODDUNKEPPBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dibromopentane Chemical compound BrCCCCCBr IBODDUNKEPPBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromopropane Chemical compound CCCBr CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L palladium(ii) acetylacetonate Chemical compound [Pd+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ULTHEAFYOOPTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dibromobutane Chemical compound BrCCCCBr ULTHEAFYOOPTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SGRHVVLXEBNBDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dibromohexane Chemical compound BrCCCCCCBr SGRHVVLXEBNBDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WDIIYWASEVHBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)PC(C)C WDIIYWASEVHBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UKSZBOKPHAQOMP-SVLSSHOZSA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 UKSZBOKPHAQOMP-SVLSSHOZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GTQHJCOHNAFHRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,10-dibromodecane Chemical compound BrCCCCCCCCCCBr GTQHJCOHNAFHRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XFNJYAKDBJUJAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromopropane Chemical compound CC(Br)CBr XFNJYAKDBJUJAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XZNGUVQDFJHPLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibromobutane Chemical compound CC(Br)CCBr XZNGUVQDFJHPLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LVWSZGCVEZRFBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-dibromoheptane Chemical compound BrCCCCCCCBr LVWSZGCVEZRFBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DKEGCUDAFWNSSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-dibromooctane Chemical compound BrCCCCCCCCBr DKEGCUDAFWNSSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- WXNOJTUTEXAZLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L benzonitrile;dichloropalladium Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl.N#CC1=CC=CC=C1.N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 WXNOJTUTEXAZLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XGRJZXREYAXTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorodiphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XGRJZXREYAXTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu] NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WDOKISJWRVNYNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CCCCC1PC1CCCCC1 WDOKISJWRVNYNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DOWCWUCBOQRQJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butylphosphane;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)PC(C)(C)C DOWCWUCBOQRQJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PBDBXAQKXCXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F PBDBXAQKXCXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- PENAXHPKEVTBLF-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);prop-1-ene;dichloride Chemical compound [Pd+]Cl.[Pd+]Cl.[CH2-]C=C.[CH2-]C=C PENAXHPKEVTBLF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VRRCNUOZPJIROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(phenyl)phosphane;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)PC1=CC=CC=C1 VRRCNUOZPJIROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 abstract description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 abstract description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 29
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 22
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- PUUBADHCONCMPA-USOGPTGWSA-N 3-[(21S,22S)-11-ethyl-16-(1-hexoxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-7,23,24,25-tetrazahexacyclo[18.2.1.15,8.110,13.115,18.02,6]hexacosa-1,4,6,8(26),9,11,13(25),14,16,18(24),19-undecaen-22-yl]propanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(C)C1=C(C2=NC1=CC3=NC(=CC4=C(C5=C(CC(=C6[C@H]([C@@H](C(=C2)N6)C)CCC(=O)O)C5=N4)O)C)C(=C3C)CC)C PUUBADHCONCMPA-USOGPTGWSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 7
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphane Chemical compound PP VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LDLDJEAVRNAEBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(C)O LDLDJEAVRNAEBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Cadmium iodide Inorganic materials [Cd+2].[I-].[I-] OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004679 31P NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEFLKXRACNJHOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibromopropane Chemical compound BrCCCBr VEFLKXRACNJHOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSDQQJHSRVEGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(6-amino-1h-indol-3-yl)acetonitrile Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(CC#N)=CNC2=C1 ZSDQQJHSRVEGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJRGCJBBXGNEGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-9h-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(Br)C=C3NC2=C1 PJRGCJBBXGNEGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxine Chemical compound C1OOCC=C1 JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-hydroxybutyrate Chemical compound CC(O)CC([O-])=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl Chemical group [CH2]CCO QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-hydroxybutyrate Chemical compound OCCCC([O-])=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ODXGEGITWPFFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrC(C=C1)=CC2=C1N(C(CCCC(C1=NC=CC=C1)N1C(C=CC(Br)=C3)=C3C3=CC=CC=C13)C1=NC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C21 Chemical compound BrC(C=C1)=CC2=C1N(C(CCCC(C1=NC=CC=C1)N1C(C=CC(Br)=C3)=C3C3=CC=CC=C13)C1=NC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C21 ODXGEGITWPFFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N R3HBA Natural products CC(O)CC(O)=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSSJULAPNNGXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Zn] Chemical compound [Co].[Zn] HSSJULAPNNGXFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentanoic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCC(=O)OC HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000070 poly-3-hydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,尤其涉及一种膦配体及其合成方法和应用。
背景技术
3-羟基丁酸酯及其衍生物由于含有羟基和酯基等,因此它同时具有醇和酯的性质,是重要的有机合成中间体,可用来制备多种天然化学品,也可用来制作香料和调味品的溶剂,同时也可通过酯交换缩聚制取聚3-羟基丁酸酯等。
2003年,中科院兰州化物所陈静等人申请的专利CN 1401625A介绍了通过八羰基二钴—吡啶化合物—钠盐原位制成的催化剂在反应压力6.0~8.0 MPa、反应温度60~80℃、反应4~10小时制备3-羟基丁酸甲酯,收率可以达到93.2%,选择性97%。2013年,大连大学尹静梅等人申请的专利CN 101628873 B介绍了以环氧丙烷与甲酸甲酯作原料,用醋酸钴Co(OAc)2碘化镉CdI2作催化剂,在常压及光促进条件下合成3-羟基丁酸甲酯的方法,该方法虽然操作简便、安全,催化剂简单易得且便于保存,但是产物的产率及选择性都比较低。同样在2013年,南京工业大学刘定华等人申请的专利CN 103272641 A介绍了一种以钴锌双金属催化剂组合物为催化剂来制备3-羟基丁酸甲酯的方法,该发明中的催化剂组合物由卤化钴、卤化锌、还原性盐及助催化剂组成,得到3-羟基丁酸甲酯的收率最高92%,选择性92%。
丙酸甲酯与丁酸甲酯作为重要的化工产品,应用范围广泛,其生产工艺也广受关注。其中丙酸甲酯用作硝酸纤维素、硝基喷漆、涂料、清漆等的溶剂,也可用作香料及调味品的溶剂,还用作有机合成中间体;丁酸甲酯除作树脂、漆用溶剂外,也用作人造甜酒和果实香精的原料,也可用作溶剂和用于有机合成。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种膦配体。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是提供该膦配体的合成方法。
本发明所要解决的第三个技术问题是提供该膦配体的应用。
为解决上述问题,本发明所述的一种膦配体,其特征在于:该膦配体满足通式Ⅰ或Ⅱ:
其中:R1为烷烃、卤代烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、芳环、芳杂环、联吡啶中的一种;R2为二苯基膦、二环己基膦、二叔丁基膦、叔丁基苯基膦、叔丁基环己基膦、苯基环己基膦中的一种;n=1,2,3,4……。
如上所述的一种膦配体的合成方法,其特征在于:将3-溴咔唑与卤代物和添加剂A、添加剂B、碱A在溶剂中反应,经柱层析处理后得到I型配体前体;所述I型配体前体与钯催化剂A、添加剂C、碱B、膦化合物A、溶剂反应即得I型配体;所述卤代物与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为1~1.5:1;所述添加剂A与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为0.005~0.03:1;所述添加剂B与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为0.005~0.04:1;所述碱A与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为1~2:1;所述钯催化剂A与所述I型配体前体的摩尔比为0.005~0.03:1;所述添加剂C与所述I型配体前体的摩尔比为0.005~0.04:1;所述碱B与所述I型配体前体的摩尔比为1~2:1;所述膦化合物A与所述I型配体前体的摩尔比为1~1.5:1;
或者,将3-溴咔唑与碱C在溶剂中搅拌活化后加入二溴代烷,反应结束经加水淬灭、抽滤干燥处理得到II型配体前体;所述II型配体前体与钯催化剂B、添加剂D、碱D、膦化合物B、溶剂反应即得II型配体;所述碱C与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为1~1.5:1;所述二溴代烷与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为0.5~0.75:1;所述钯催化剂B与所述II型配体前体的摩尔比为0.01~0.05:1;所述添加剂D与所述II型配体前体的摩尔比为0.01~0.06:1;所述碱D与所述II型配体前体的摩尔比为2~3:1;所述膦化合物B与所述II型配体前体的摩尔比为2~3:1。
所述卤代物是指1-溴丙烷、2-溴吡啶、联吡啶溴代物中的一种。
所述添加剂A、所述添加剂B、所述添加剂C、所述添加剂D均是指碘化亚铜、溴化亚铜、氯化亚铜、N-甲基咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、1,1'-双(二异丙基膦)二茂铁中的一种。
所述碱A、所述碱B、所述碱C、所述碱D均是指碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、磷酸钾、磷酸二氢钾、碳酸铯、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氰化钠、叔丁醇锂、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾中的一种。
所述溶剂是指四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、1,2二氯乙烷、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯中的一种。
所述钯催化剂A、所述钯催化剂B均是指乙酰丙酮钯、氯化钯、醋酸钯、双(苄腈)二氯化钯(Ⅱ)、双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯、四三苯基磷钯、氯化烯丙基钯(II)二聚物、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、四(乙腈)钯(II)二(三氟甲磺酸)、三氟乙酸钯(II)、双三苯基磷二氯化钯中的一种。
所述膦化合物A、所述膦化合物B均是指二苯基膦、二环己基膦、二叔丁基膦、叔丁基苯基膦、叔丁基环己基膦、苯基环己基膦、二苯基膦氯、二环己基膦氯、二叔丁基膦氯、叔丁基苯基膦氯中的一种。
所述二溴代烷是指1,2-二溴乙烷、1,2-二溴丙烷、1,3-二溴丙烷、1,3-二溴丁烷、1,4-二溴丁烷、1,5-二溴戊烷、1,6-二溴己烷、1,7-二溴庚烷、1,8-二溴辛烷、1,10-二溴癸烷中的一种。
如上所述的一种膦配体的应用,其特征在于:该膦配体作为催化剂的组成部分,用于和金属前体生成活性催化剂,催化环氧化合物羰化酯化及烯烃羰化酯化反应。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1、本发明膦配体以咔唑基团为骨架,利用简单高效的有机合成策略,实现了一种稳定性较高的膦配体。这为大量制备以咔唑基团为骨架,具有不同结构特征的配体提供了可能。
2、本发明反应原料简单易得、合成方法简单通用,得到配体的产率较高,均在70%以上。
3、本发明膦配体可以用于环氧乙/丙烷与醇的羰化酯化反应,从而制备3-羟基丙/丁酸酯;也可以用于乙烯、丙烯的羰化酯化反应,制备丙酸甲酯、丁酸甲酯等。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1为本发明单膦配体G核磁H谱。
图2为本发明单膦配体G核磁C谱。
图3为本发明单膦配体G核磁P谱。
图4为本发明双膦配体J核磁H谱。
图5为本发明双膦配体J核磁C谱。
图6为本发明双膦配体J核磁P谱。
图7为本发明实施例16单膦配体P与钯催化剂形成的单晶结构图。
图8为本发明实施例17的气相色谱图。
图9为本发明实施例18的气相色谱图。
具体实施方式
一种膦配体,该膦配体满足通式Ⅰ或Ⅱ:
其中:R1为烷烃、卤代烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、芳环、芳杂环、联吡啶中的一种;R2为二苯基膦、二环己基膦、二叔丁基膦、叔丁基苯基膦、叔丁基环己基膦、苯基环己基膦中的一种;n=1,2,3,4……。
一种膦配体的合成方法:将3-溴咔唑与卤代物和添加剂A、添加剂B、碱A在溶剂中反应,经柱层析处理后得到I型配体前体; I型配体前体与钯催化剂A、添加剂C、碱B、膦化合物A、溶剂反应即得I型配体。卤代物与3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为1~1.5:1;添加剂A与3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为0.005~0.03:1;添加剂B与3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为0.005~0.04:1;碱A与3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为1~2:1;钯催化剂A与I型配体前体的摩尔比为0.005~0.03:1;添加剂C与I型配体前体的摩尔比为0.005~0.04:1;碱B与I型配体前体的摩尔比为1~2:1;膦化合物A与I型配体前体的摩尔比为1~1.5:1。
或者,将3-溴咔唑与碱C在溶剂中搅拌活化后加入二溴代烷,反应结束经加水淬灭、抽滤干燥处理得到II型配体前体;II型配体前体与钯催化剂B、添加剂D、碱D、膦化合物B、溶剂反应即得II型配体。碱C与3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为1~1.5:1;二溴代烷与3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为0.5~0.75:1;钯催化剂B与II型配体前体的摩尔比为0.01~0.05:1;添加剂D与II型配体前体的摩尔比为0.01~0.06:1;碱D与II型配体前体的摩尔比为2~3:1;膦化合物B与II型配体前体的摩尔比为2~3:1。
其中:卤代物是指1-溴丙烷、2-溴吡啶、联吡啶溴代物中的一种。
添加剂A、添加剂B、添加剂C、添加剂D均是指碘化亚铜、溴化亚铜、氯化亚铜、N-甲基咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、1,1'-双(二异丙基膦)二茂铁中的一种。
碱A、碱B、碱C、碱D均是指碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、磷酸钾、磷酸二氢钾、碳酸铯、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氰化钠、叔丁醇锂、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾中的一种。
溶剂是指四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、1,2二氯乙烷、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯中的一种。
钯催化剂A、钯催化剂B均是指乙酰丙酮钯、氯化钯、醋酸钯、双(苄腈)二氯化钯(Ⅱ)、双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯、四三苯基磷钯、氯化烯丙基钯(II)二聚物、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、四(乙腈)钯(II)二(三氟甲磺酸)、三氟乙酸钯(II)、双三苯基磷二氯化钯中的一种。
膦化合物A、膦化合物B均是指二苯基膦、二环己基膦、二叔丁基膦、叔丁基苯基膦、叔丁基环己基膦、苯基环己基膦、二苯基膦氯、二环己基膦氯、二叔丁基膦氯、叔丁基苯基膦氯中的一种。
二溴代烷是指1,2-二溴乙烷、1,2-二溴丙烷、1,3-二溴丙烷、1,3-二溴丁烷、1,4-二溴丁烷、1,5-二溴戊烷、1,6-二溴己烷、1,7-二溴庚烷、1,8-二溴辛烷、1,10-二溴癸烷中的一种。
实施例1
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(5 mmol)、KOH(6.25 mmol)、NMP(5 mL),在80℃搅拌反应4小时,然后将1,3-二溴丙烷(3 mmol)缓慢滴加到反应体系中,80℃反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,加水淬灭,抽滤、洗涤得到粗产物备用;将以上粗产物(1.5 mmol)加入到10 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.06 mmol)、1,1'-双(二异丙基膦)二茂铁(DIPPF)(0.72 mmol)、碳酸铯(2.4 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(3 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入二苯基膦(HPPh2)(3 mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体A,产率73%。该膦配体A的结构式:
实施例2
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(5 mmol)、KOH(7.5 mmol)、NMP(5 mL),在80 ℃搅拌反应4小时,然后将1,4-二溴丁烷(2.5 mmol)缓慢滴加到反应体系中,80 ℃反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,加水淬灭,抽滤、洗涤得到粗产物备用;将以上粗产物(1.5mmol)加入到10 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.06 mmol)、DIPPF(0.72 mmol)、碳酸铯(2.4 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(3 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入HPPh2(3.6 mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体B,产率70%。该膦配体B的结构式:
实施例3
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(5 mmol)、KOH(5 mmol)、NMP(5 mL),在80 ℃搅拌反应4小时,然后将1,5-二溴戊烷(3.75 mmol)缓慢滴加到反应体系中,80 ℃反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,加水淬灭,抽滤、洗涤得到粗产物备用;将以上粗产物(1.5mmol)加入到10 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.015 mmol)、DIPPF(0.09 mmol)、碳酸铯(2equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(3 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入HPPh2(4.5 mmol),加热至130℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体C,产率78%。该膦配体C的结构式:
实施例4
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(5 mmol)、KOH(6.25 mmol)、NMP(5 mL),在80 ℃搅拌反应4小时,然后将1,6-二溴己烷(2.75 mmol)缓慢滴加到反应体系中,80 ℃反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,加水淬灭,抽滤、洗涤得到粗产物备用;将以上粗产物(1.5mmol)加入到10 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.075 mmol)、DIPPF(0.015 mmol)、碳酸铯(3 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(3 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入HPPh2(3 mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体D,产率85%。该膦配体D的结构式:
实施例5
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(5 mmol)、KOH(6.25 mmol)、NMP(5 mL),在80 ℃搅拌反应4小时,然后将1,5-二溴戊烷(2.75 mmol)缓慢滴加到反应体系中,80 ℃反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,加水淬灭,抽滤、洗涤得到粗产物I-1备用;将以上粗产物I-1(4 mmol)、碳酸铯(8.8 mmol)、碘甲烷(9 mmol)与2-溴吡啶(10 mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5 mL)中100 ℃反应12 h,经柱层析分离得到粗产物I-2(1,5-双(3-溴-9H-咔唑-9-基)-1,5-二(吡啶-2-基)戊烷);将粗产物I-2(1.5 mmol)加入到10 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.075 mmol)、DIPPF(0.015 mmol)、碳酸铯(3 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(3 mL),室温下搅拌1h,随后缓慢加入HPPh2(3 mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体E,产率85%。该膦配体E的结构式:
实施例6
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(20 mmol)、2-溴吡啶(20 mmol)、碘化亚铜(0.1mmol)、N-甲基咪唑(0.8 mmol)、叔丁醇锂(2 equiv)、甲苯(15 mL),在130℃搅拌反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,TLC检测,加水淬灭,萃取,柱层析分离后得产物I备用;将以上产物I(10mmol)加入到25 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.05 mmol)、DIPPF(0.4mmol)、碳酸铯(2 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(6 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入HPPh2(12mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体F,产率87%。该膦配体F的结构式:
实施例7
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(20 mmol)、2-溴吡啶(24 mmol)、碘化亚铜(0.3mmol)、N-甲基咪唑(0.4 mmol)、叔丁醇锂(1.5 equiv)、甲苯(15 mL),在130 ℃搅拌反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,TLC检测,加水淬灭,萃取,柱层析分离后得产物I备用;将以上产物I(10 mmol)加入到25 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.15 mmol)、DIPPF(0.2mmol)、碳酸铯(1.5 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(6 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入二环己基膦(HPCy2)(10 mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体G,产率90%。该膦配体G的结构式:
该膦配体G的核磁图谱如图1~3所示。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.73 (s, 1H), 8.10 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 8.04– 7.84 (m, 3H), 7.64 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d,J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (dd, J = 32.9, 12.0 Hz, 4H), 1.78 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 2H),1.66 (s, 6H), 1.41 – 0.97 (m, 10H).
13C-NMR(100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 153.63, 151.73, 149.68, 139.81, 138.49, 126.52,126.05, 124.85, 123.98, 122.24, 121.26, 121.01, 120.22, 119.43, 119.37,119.06, 118.48, 111.45, 77.38, 77.07, 76.75, 33.22, 33.10, 30.34, 30.17,29.10, 29.02, 27.31, 27.19, 27.11, 27.04, 26.43.
31P-NMR(100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.78。
实施例8
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(20 mmol)、KOH(25 mmol)、NMP(15 mL),在80 ℃搅拌反应4小时,然后将1-溴丙烷(22 mmol)缓慢滴加到反应体系中,80 ℃反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,TLC检测,加水淬灭,萃取,柱层析分离后得产物I备用;将以上产物I(10 mmol)加入到25 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.2 mmol)、DIPPF(0.24 mmol)、碳酸铯(1.2 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(6 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入HPPh2(12 mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体H,产率85%。该膦配体H的结构式:
实施例9
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(20 mmol)、KOH(25 mmol)、NMP(15 mL),在80 ℃搅拌反应4小时,然后将1-溴丙烷(22 mmol)缓慢滴加到反应体系中,80 ℃反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,TLC检测,加水淬灭,萃取,柱层析分离后得产物I备用;将以上产物I(10 mmol)加入到25 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0. 2 mmol)、DIPPF(0. 24 mmol)、碳酸铯(1.2 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(6 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入HPCy2(12 mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体I,产率83%。该膦配体I的结构式:
实施例10
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入2-溴咔唑(20 mmol)、联吡啶溴代物(30 mmol)、碘化亚铜(0.6mmol)、N-甲基咪唑(0.1 mmol)、叔丁醇锂(1 equiv)、甲苯(15 mL),在130 ℃搅拌反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,TLC检测,加水淬灭,萃取,柱层析分离后得产物I备用;将以上产物I(10 mmol)加入到25 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.3 mmol)、DIPPF(0.05mmol)、碳酸铯(1 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(6 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入HPPh2(15mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体J,产率77%。该膦配体J的结构式:
该膦配体J的核磁图谱如图4~6所示。
1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.77 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (d, J = 7.7Hz, 1H), 8.37 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 8.00 (d, J = 6.5Hz, 3H), 7.72 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (dd, J =17.2, 9.9 Hz, 13H).
13C-NMR(101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.91, 155.27, 150.73, 149.20, 139.87, 139.65,139.55, 139.45, 137.70, 137.59, 137.13, 134.73, 134.63, 133.82, 133.63,133.48, 128.66, 128.52, 128.45, 126.75, 126.52, 126.32, 124.94, 124.09,123.97, 121.34, 121.19, 120.51, 120.30, 120.21, 118.62, 118.16, 117.19,116.96, 111.42, 77.41, 77.10, 76.78, 53.49.
31P-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.44.
实施例11
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(20 mmol)、联吡啶溴代物(24 mmol)、碘化亚铜(0.2mmol)、N-甲基咪唑(0.4 mmol)、叔丁醇锂(1.5 equiv)、甲苯(15 mL),在130 ℃搅拌反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,TLC检测,加水淬灭,萃取,柱层析分离后得产物I备用;将以上产物I(10 mmol)加入到25 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.02 mmol)、DIPPF(0.024mmol)、碳酸铯(1.2 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(6 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入HPCy2(12mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体K,产率74%。该膦配体K的结构式:
实施例12
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(20 mmol)、联吡啶溴代物(24 mmol)、碘化亚铜(0.2mmol)、N-甲基咪唑(0.4 mmol)、叔丁醇锂(1.5 equiv)、甲苯(15 mL),在130 ℃搅拌反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,TLC检测,加水淬灭,萃取,柱层析分离后得产物I备用;将以上产物I(10 mmol)加入到25 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.2 mmol)、DIPPF(0.24mmol)、碳酸铯(1.2 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(6 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入二叔丁基膦(12 mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体L,产率81%。该膦配体L的结构式:
实施例13
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(20 mmol)、三联吡啶溴代物(24 mmol)、碘化亚铜(0.2 mmol)、N-甲基咪唑(0.24 mmol)、叔丁醇锂(1.5 equiv)、甲苯(15 mL),在130 ℃搅拌反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,TLC检测,加水淬灭,萃取,柱层析分离后得产物I备用;将以上产物I(10 mmol)加入到25 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.2 mmol)、DIPPF(0.24 mmol)、碳酸铯(1.2 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(6 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入HPPh2(12 mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体M,产率74%。该膦配体M的结构式:
实施例14
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(20 mmol)、三联吡啶溴代物(24 mmol)、碘化亚铜(0.2 mmol)、N-甲基咪唑(0.4 mmol)、叔丁醇锂(1.5 equiv)、甲苯(15 mL),在130 ℃搅拌反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,TLC检测,加水淬灭,萃取,柱层析分离后得产物I备用;将以上产物I(10 mmol)加入到25 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.2 mmol)、DIPPF(0.24 mmol)、碳酸铯(1.2 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(6 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入HPCy2(12 mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体N,产率78%。该膦配体N的结构式:
实施例15
在100 mL茄形瓶中加入3-溴咔唑(20 mmol)、三联吡啶溴代物(24 mmol)、碘化亚铜(0.2 mmol)、N-甲基咪唑(0.4 mmol)、叔丁醇锂(1.5 equiv)、甲苯(15 mL),在130 ℃搅拌反应至过夜;将以上反应体系恢复至室温,TLC检测,加水淬灭,萃取,柱层析分离后得产物I备用;将以上产物I(10 mmol)加入到25 mL耐压反应管中,称量醋酸钯(0.2 mmol)、DIPPF(0.24 mmol)、碳酸铯(1.2 equiv)、1,4-二氧六环(6 mL),室温下搅拌1 h,随后缓慢加入HPCy2(12 mmol),加热至130 ℃,反应24 h,TLC检测反应情况,柱层析分离得到目标膦配体O,产率83%。该膦配体O的结构式:
实施例16:配体P与催化剂得到单晶
在25 mL史莱克管中,依次加入PbCl2(PhCN)2(0.05 mmol,19.2 mg),LP(配体P合成方法参见配体F的合成) (0.06 mmol,25.6 mg),MnBr(CO)5(0.06 mmol, 16.4 mg),然后加入2mL甲苯(Toluene),在60 oC下搅拌2 h,得到黄色液体,随后将反应管自然冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去多余溶剂,得到黄色固体,随后用1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)与正己烷(n-Hexane)在室温下培养得到单晶,结构如图7所示。
上述实施例1~15所得的膦配体作为催化剂的组成部分,用于和金属前体生成活性催化剂,催化环氧化合物羰化酯化及烯烃羰化酯化反应。
该膦配体参与过渡金属催化的羰化酯化反应:环氧化合物羰化酯化得到羟基丁酸酯的产率为30%~98%不等,选择性为20%~95%不等;烯烃羰化酯化反应中,目标化合物产率40%~93%不等,其中丙烯羰化酯化产物的正异构比为1:0.01~99。
环氧羰化酯化反应过程:
实施例17:实验室规模
在30 mL高压反应釜中,加入环氧丙烷(1.4 mL, 20 mmol),甲醇(2.0 mL),催化剂:八羰基二钴(0.16 mmol),氮配体(0.08 mmol),膦配体G (0.16 mmol);随后以CO压力~1.0MPa置换反应釜3次,然后向反应釜充入CO,压力6.0 MPa,将反应釜置于磁力搅拌器上加热至80 ℃,反应12 h;冷却反应器至室温,放空剩余气体,倒出反应液,用气相色谱仪检测反应结果,见图8。由图8可以发现,目标产物出峰时间6.675min;内标出峰时间9.797min,产物占比较高,副产物或杂质很少。
实施例18:实验室规模(原位制备钴催化剂)
在30 mL高压反应釜中,加入甲醇(2.0 mL),氯化钴(52 mg),添加剂(161 mg);随后以CO压力~1.0 MPa置换反应釜3次,然后向反应釜充入CO,压力4.0 MPa,将反应釜置于磁力搅拌器上加热至80 ℃,反应1 h;冷却反应器至室温,放空剩余气体,N2吹扫反应釜,加入原料环氧丙烷(1.4 mL),补加甲醇(0.5 mL),再加入氮配体(0.08 mmol),膦配体G(0.16 mmol),以CO压力~1.0 MPa置换反应釜3次,然后向反应釜充入CO,压力6.0 MPa,将反应釜置于磁力搅拌器上加热至80 ℃,反应12 h,冷却反应器至室温,放空剩余气体,倒出反应液,用气相色谱仪检测反应结果,见图9、表1。由图9、表1可以发现,目标产物出峰时间6.675min;内标出峰时间9.797min,产物占比较高,副产物或杂质很少。
表1 气相色谱图峰表
实施例19:10 g级规模实验
将500 mL高压反应釜用N2吹扫,同时加入环氧丙烷(14 mL, 200 mmol),甲醇(20 mL),催化剂:八羰基二钴(1.6 mmol),氮配体(0. 8 mmol),膦配体G(1.6 mmol);随后以CO压力~2.0 MPa置换反应釜3次,然后向反应釜中充入CO,压力6.0 MPa,将反应釜置于磁力搅拌器上加热至80 ℃,反应12 h,反应结束后,冷却反应器至室温,放空剩余气体,取部分反应液用气相色谱仪检测反应结果。随后减压蒸馏出釜内剩余的环氧丙烷、甲醇以及目标产物,待反应釜温度恢复至室温后氮气吹扫反应釜重新加入环氧丙烷(200 mmol),甲醇(20 mL),以CO压力~2.0 MPa置换反应釜3次,再向反应釜中充入CO,压力6.0 MPa,随后将反应釜置于磁力搅拌器上加热至80 ℃,反应12 h进行循环。该反应体系可连续循环15次以上,目标产物的产率和选择性均能较好的保持。
烯烃羰化酯化反应过程:
实施例20:
在手套箱中向30 mL高压反应釜中,依次加入乙酰丙酮钯 (0.01mmol),膦配体C(0.03mmol),甲醇(10 mL),甲磺酸(0.375 mmol),然后将反应釜拧紧移出手套箱,充入乙烯(2 MPa),一氧化碳(4 MPa),然后将反应釜置于磁力搅拌器上加热至80 ℃,反应3 h;冷却反应器至室温,放空剩余气体,倒出反应液,用气相色谱仪检测反应结果,反应TOF = 1125。
实施例21:
在手套箱中向30 mL高压反应釜中,依次加入乙酰丙酮钯 (0.005mmol),膦配体C(0.09mmol),甲醇(1.5 mL),戊酸甲酯(5 mL)甲,对甲苯磺酸一水合物(1.5 mmol),然后将反应釜拧紧移出手套箱,充入乙烯(1 MPa),一氧化碳(2 MPa),然后将反应釜置于磁力搅拌器上加热至90 ℃,反应3 h;冷却反应器至室温,放空剩余气体,倒出反应液,用气相色谱仪检测反应结果,反应TOF = 1020。
Claims (10)
2.如权利要求1所述的一种膦配体的合成方法,其特征在于:将3-溴咔唑与卤代物和添加剂A、添加剂B、碱A在溶剂中反应,经柱层析处理后得到I型配体前体;所述I型配体前体与钯催化剂A、添加剂C、碱B、膦化合物A、溶剂反应即得I型配体;所述卤代物与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为1~1.5:1;所述添加剂A与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为0.005~0.03:1;所述添加剂B与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为0.005~0.04:1;所述碱A与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为1~2:1;所述钯催化剂A与所述I型配体前体的摩尔比为0.005~0.03:1;所述添加剂C与所述I型配体前体的摩尔比为0.005~0.04:1;所述碱B与所述I型配体前体的摩尔比为1~2:1;所述膦化合物A与所述I型配体前体的摩尔比为1~1.5:1;
或者,将3-溴咔唑与碱C在溶剂中搅拌活化后加入二溴代烷,反应结束经加水淬灭、抽滤干燥处理得到II型配体前体;所述II型配体前体与钯催化剂B、添加剂D、碱D、膦化合物B、溶剂反应即得II型配体;所述碱C与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为1~1.5:1;所述二溴代烷与所述3-溴咔唑的摩尔比为0.5~0.75:1;所述钯催化剂B与所述II型配体前体的摩尔比为0.01~0.05:1;所述添加剂D与所述II型配体前体的摩尔比为0.01~0.06:1;所述碱D与所述II型配体前体的摩尔比为2~3:1;所述膦化合物B与所述II型配体前体的摩尔比为2~3:1。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种膦配体的合成方法,其特征在于:所述卤代物是指1-溴丙烷、2-溴吡啶、联吡啶溴代物中的一种。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种膦配体的合成方法,其特征在于:所述添加剂A、所述添加剂B、所述添加剂C、所述添加剂D均是指碘化亚铜、溴化亚铜、氯化亚铜、N-甲基咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、1,1'-双(二异丙基膦)二茂铁中的一种。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种膦配体的合成方法,其特征在于:所述碱A、所述碱B、所述碱C、所述碱D均是指碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、磷酸钾、磷酸二氢钾、碳酸铯、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氰化钠、叔丁醇锂、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾中的一种。
6.如权利要求2所述的一种膦配体的合成方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂是指四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、1,2二氯乙烷、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯中的一种。
7.如权利要求2所述的一种膦配体的合成方法,其特征在于:所述钯催化剂A、所述钯催化剂B均是指乙酰丙酮钯、氯化钯、醋酸钯、双(苄腈)二氯化钯(Ⅱ)、双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯、四三苯基磷钯、氯化烯丙基钯(II)二聚物、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、四(乙腈)钯(II)二(三氟甲磺酸)、三氟乙酸钯(II)、双三苯基磷二氯化钯中的一种。
8.如权利要求2所述的一种膦配体的合成方法,其特征在于:所述膦化合物A、所述膦化合物B均是指二苯基膦、二环己基膦、二叔丁基膦、叔丁基苯基膦、叔丁基环己基膦、苯基环己基膦、二苯基膦氯、二环己基膦氯、二叔丁基膦氯、叔丁基苯基膦氯中的一种。
9.如权利要求2所述的一种膦配体的合成方法,其特征在于:所述二溴代烷是指1,2-二溴乙烷、1,2-二溴丙烷、1,3-二溴丙烷、1,3-二溴丁烷、1,4-二溴丁烷、1,5-二溴戊烷、1,6-二溴己烷、1,7-二溴庚烷、1,8-二溴辛烷、1,10-二溴癸烷中的一种。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种膦配体的应用,其特征在于:该膦配体作为催化剂的组成部分,用于和金属前体生成活性催化剂,催化环氧化合物羰化酯化及烯烃羰化酯化反应。
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