CN111873564A - 一种隔热板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种隔热板材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111873564A
CN111873564A CN202010671272.XA CN202010671272A CN111873564A CN 111873564 A CN111873564 A CN 111873564A CN 202010671272 A CN202010671272 A CN 202010671272A CN 111873564 A CN111873564 A CN 111873564A
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heat
flame
fiber
felt
retardant
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CN111873564B (zh
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张继承
董会娜
张东生
姚栋嘉
刘喜宗
余启勇
郭金建
吴恒
王征
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Gongyi Van Research Yihui Composite Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于隔热技术领域，公开一种隔热板材及其制备方法。所述隔热板材包括基材层、隔热阻燃涂层、面板层，隔热阻燃涂层喷涂在基材层的上表面，面板层贴覆于隔热阻燃涂层的上表面；其中，基材层为气凝胶毡，隔热阻燃涂层由热熔胶、阻燃剂、气凝胶粉、短纤维、水组成，面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片。制备步骤：按照隔热阻燃涂层的组成，取各原料，搅拌混合均匀，得到隔热阻燃浆料；将气凝胶毡表面吹扫干净，除掉表面浮粉，得到毡体A；将隔热阻燃浆料喷涂毡体A的上表面，再贴覆面板层，得到复合毡体，热压成型，即得隔热板材。本发明制备的隔热板材采用隔热阻燃浆料涂覆气凝胶毡后与面板层一体热压成型的方法，成型工艺简单，操作方便。

Description

一种隔热板材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于隔热技术领域，具体涉及一种隔热板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，我国高能耗建筑占建筑总面积的95％以上，单位面积采暖能耗相当于气候条件相近发达国家的2-3倍，建筑耗能巨大。中华人民共和国建设部第143号令《民用建筑节能管理规定》，规定我国的城市建设中要求在规划、设计、建造和使用中必须执行建筑节能标准，建筑构筑物必须进行隔热保温工程处理。但是，由于传统的建筑隔热保温材料，例如EPS板、XPS板、PU硬泡等有机隔热保温材料，因受材料自身性能的限制，建筑工程使用工艺复杂、效果差，这种传统的被动式的隔热保温方法，造成极大的资源和能源的浪费，严重地影响和限制了我国建筑隔热保温节能技术的发展。
另外，传统的建筑隔热保温材料，例如EPS板、XPS板、PU硬泡等有机隔热保温材料防火性能较差。近年来，我国连续发生的建筑外保温工程重大火灾事故，损失严重，在全国范围内造成了严重影响。无机保温材料，例如岩棉、矿棉、玻璃棉、泡沫混凝土、玻化微珠等，虽然燃烧性能达到A级，但是保温性能欠佳，甚至遇水失效，单独使用很难达到理想的隔热保温节能效果。发展隔热保温性能优异、防火安全及环保兼顾的环境友好型隔热保温材料技术，提高隔热保温效果，是建筑隔热保温节能工程领域的未来发展趋势。
发明内容
为克服现有技术中存在的不足之处，本发明的目的旨在提供一种隔热板材及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种隔热板材，所述隔热板材包括基材层、隔热阻燃涂层、面板层，隔热阻燃涂层喷涂在基材层的上表面，面板层贴覆于隔热阻燃涂层的上表面；其中，所述基材层为气凝胶毡，所述隔热阻燃涂层由热熔胶∶阻燃剂∶气凝胶粉∶短纤维∶水按质量比（5-20）∶（5-10）∶（5-10）∶（1-5）∶（15-30）组成，所述面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片。
本发明中，所述隔热阻燃涂层、面板层、基材层的厚度可以根据不同的应用进行调整。
较好地，所述气凝胶毡为二氧化硅气凝胶毡、三氧化二铝气凝胶毡、二氧化钛气凝胶毡、二氧化锆气凝胶毡中的一种。
较好地，所述热熔胶为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物粉末、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物粉末、聚乙烯醇粉末中的一种或几种。
较好地，所述阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂、DOPO、十溴二苯醚、十溴二苯乙烷中的一种或几种。
较好地，所述无机阻燃剂为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、磷酸铵或硼酸锌，所述磷氮系阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、异丙基化磷酸三苯酯、蜜胺磷酸盐、蜜胺焦磷酸盐或三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐。
较好地，所述气凝胶粉为二氧化硅气凝胶粉。
较好地，所述短纤维的长度为50-500 μm，所述短纤维为碳纤维、硼纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、氧化铝纤维、氧化锆纤维、玻璃纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维中的一种或多种。
较好地，所述纤维增强树脂基复合片中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维或芳纶纤维，树脂为不饱和聚酯、乙烯基树脂、聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。本发明中所述纤维增强树脂基复合片可通过市购或现有技术制备获得。
一种所述隔热板材的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）、按照隔热阻燃涂层的组成，将热熔胶、阻燃剂、气凝胶粉、短纤维分散于水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到隔热阻燃浆料；
（2）、将气凝胶毡表面吹扫干净，除掉表面浮粉，得到毡体A；
（3）、将步骤（1）所得隔热阻燃浆料喷涂在步骤（2）所得毡体A的上表面；
（4）、将面板层贴覆于步骤（3）所得毡体的上表面，得到复合毡体；
（5）、将步骤（4）所得复合毡体进行热压成型，即得隔热板材。
较好地，步骤（4）中，面板层采用纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替纤维增强树脂基复合片，这是因为纤维增强树脂基预浸带热压固化后成为纤维增强树脂基复合片。
较好地，步骤（4）为：先将步骤（3）所得毡体进行干燥处理，得到毡体B，然后将面板层贴覆于毡体B的上表面，得到复合毡体。
较好地，所述干燥的温度为50-80℃，干燥的时间为5-20min。
较好地，所述热压成型的温度为100-180℃，压力为2-10MPa。
有益效果：
（1）、本发明制备的隔热板材采用隔热阻燃浆料涂覆气凝胶毡后与面板层一体热压成型的方法，成型工艺简单，操作方便；
（2）、本发明采用隔热阻燃浆料直接涂刷在气凝胶毡表面作为隔热阻燃涂层，其作为连接相将气凝胶毡与面板层粘接一体成型，保证气凝胶毡层与面板层之间良好的结合，避免在输运使用过程中气凝胶毡与面板层之间的开裂问题；
（3）、本发明采用纤维增强树脂基复合片作为面板层，提高隔热板材的耐穿刺性，使其具有较高的强度和刚性，能作为管道、建筑墙体、车辆、箱/柜体等结构件使用；
（4）、本发明的面板层在热压处理之前可采用其半成品--纤维增强树脂基预浸带，纤维增强树脂基预浸带在未固化前，整体柔软、可塑型强，且保存周期较长，同时固化工艺简单，操作方便，因此可以对远距离输运的隔热板材采用将气凝胶毡与纤维增强树脂基预浸带在使用地点进行固化成型得到所需的隔热板材，或者将纤维增强树脂基预浸带与气凝胶毡预固化然后再在使用地点后固化的方式，均可以提高其在输运过程的方便和灵活程度；
（5）、本发明制备的隔热板材在管材、墙体、箱体等场景保温方案的实施具有操作方便、简单易行等优点。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。应理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种隔热板材，所述隔热板材包括基材层、隔热阻燃涂层、面板层，隔热阻燃涂层喷涂在基材层的上表面，面板层贴覆于隔热阻燃涂层的上表面；其中，所述基材层为二氧化硅气凝胶毡，所述面板层为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片，所述隔热阻燃涂层由热熔胶∶阻燃剂∶气凝胶粉∶短纤维∶水按质量比10∶5∶6∶2∶15组成，所述热熔胶为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物粉末，所述阻燃剂为氢氧化铝，所述气凝胶粉为二氧化硅气凝胶粉，所述短纤维的长度为60μm，所述短纤维为玻璃纤维。
所述隔热板材的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）、按照隔热阻燃涂层的组成，将热熔胶、阻燃剂、气凝胶粉、短纤维分散于水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到隔热阻燃浆料；
（2）、将气凝胶毡表面吹扫干净，除掉表面浮粉，得到毡体A；
（3）、将步骤（1）所得隔热阻燃浆料喷涂在步骤（2）所得毡体A的上表面；
（4）、将面板层贴覆于步骤（3）所得毡体的上表面，得到复合毡体；
（5）、将步骤（4）所得复合毡体在120℃、压力为2MPa的条件下进行热压成型，即得隔热板材。
实施例2
一种隔热板材，所述隔热板材包括基材层、隔热阻燃涂层、面板层，隔热阻燃涂层喷涂在基材层的上表面，面板层贴覆于隔热阻燃涂层的上表面；其中，所述基材层为二氧化锆气凝胶毡，所述面板层为碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合片，所述隔热阻燃涂层由热熔胶∶阻燃剂∶气凝胶粉∶短纤维∶水按质量比12∶8∶8∶3∶20组成，所述热熔胶为乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物粉末，所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵，所述气凝胶粉为二氧化硅气凝胶粉，所述短纤维的长度为100 μm，所述短纤维为硅酸铝纤维。
所述隔热板材的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）、按照隔热阻燃涂层的组成，将热熔胶、阻燃剂、气凝胶粉、短纤维分散于水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到隔热阻燃浆料；
（2）、将气凝胶毡表面吹扫干净，除掉表面浮粉，得到毡体A；
（3）、将步骤（1）所得隔热阻燃浆料喷涂在步骤（2）所得毡体A的上表面；
（4）、先将步骤（3）所得毡体在60℃干燥10min，得到毡体B，然后将与面板层对应的碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基预浸带贴覆于毡体B的上表面，得到复合毡体；
（5）、将步骤（4）所得复合毡体在130℃、压力为4MPa的条件下进行热压成型，即得隔热板材。
实施例3
一种隔热板材，所述隔热板材包括基材层、隔热阻燃涂层、面板层，隔热阻燃涂层喷涂在基材层的上表面，面板层贴覆于隔热阻燃涂层的上表面；其中，所述基材层为二氧化钛气凝胶毡，所述面板层为硼纤维增强乙烯基树脂基复合片，所述隔热阻燃涂层由热熔胶∶阻燃剂∶气凝胶粉∶短纤维∶水按质量比20∶9∶10∶5∶25组成，所述热熔胶为聚乙烯醇粉末，所述阻燃剂为DOPO，所述气凝胶粉为二氧化硅气凝胶粉，所述短纤维的长度为200μm，所述短纤维为氧化铝纤维。
所述隔热板材的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）、按照隔热阻燃涂层的组成，将热熔胶、阻燃剂、气凝胶粉、短纤维分散于水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到隔热阻燃浆料；
（2）、将气凝胶毡表面吹扫干净，除掉表面浮粉，得到毡体A；
（3）、将步骤（1）所得隔热阻燃浆料喷涂在步骤（2）所得毡体A的上表面；
（4）、先将步骤（3）所得毡体在70℃干燥20min，得到毡体B，然后将面板层贴覆于毡体B的上表面，得到复合毡体；
（5）、将步骤（4）所得复合毡体在150℃、压力为8MPa的条件下进行热压成型，即得隔热板材。

Claims (10)

1.一种隔热板材，其特征在于：所述隔热板材包括基材层、隔热阻燃涂层、面板层，隔热阻燃涂层喷涂在基材层的上表面，面板层贴覆于隔热阻燃涂层的上表面；其中，所述基材层为气凝胶毡，所述隔热阻燃涂层由热熔胶∶阻燃剂∶气凝胶粉∶短纤维∶水按质量比（5-20）∶（5-10）∶（5-10）∶（1-5）∶（15-30）组成，所述面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片。
2.如权利要求1所述的隔热板材，其特征在于：所述气凝胶毡为二氧化硅气凝胶毡、三氧化二铝气凝胶毡、二氧化钛气凝胶毡、二氧化锆气凝胶毡中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的隔热板材，其特征在于：所述热熔胶为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物粉末、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物粉末、聚乙烯醇粉末中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求1所述的隔热板材，其特征在于：所述阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂、DOPO、十溴二苯醚、十溴二苯乙烷中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求1所述的隔热板材，其特征在于：所述气凝胶粉为二氧化硅气凝胶粉。
6.如权利要求1所述的隔热板材，其特征在于：所述短纤维的长度为50-500 μm，所述短纤维为碳纤维、硼纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、石英纤维、氧化铝纤维、氧化锆纤维、玻璃纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求1所述的隔热板材，其特征在于：所述纤维增强树脂基复合片中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维或芳纶纤维，树脂为不饱和聚酯、乙烯基树脂、聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。
8.一种如权利要求1-7之任一所述的隔热板材的制备方法，其特征在于，制备步骤如下：
（1）、按照隔热阻燃涂层的组成，将热熔胶、阻燃剂、气凝胶粉、短纤维分散于水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到隔热阻燃浆料；
（2）、将气凝胶毡表面吹扫干净，除掉表面浮粉，得到毡体A；
（3）、将步骤（1）所得隔热阻燃浆料喷涂在步骤（2）所得毡体A的上表面；
（4）、将面板层贴覆于步骤（3）所得毡体的上表面，得到复合毡体；
（5）、将步骤（4）所得复合毡体进行热压成型，即得隔热板材。
9.如权利要求8所述的隔热板材的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）中，面板层采用纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替。
10.如权利要求8所述的隔热板材的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）为：先将步骤（3）所得毡体进行干燥处理，得到毡体B，然后将面板层贴覆于毡体B的上表面，得到复合毡体。
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