CN111854551A - Micro-disturbance non-cutting blasting method - Google Patents

Micro-disturbance non-cutting blasting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111854551A
CN111854551A CN202010927729.9A CN202010927729A CN111854551A CN 111854551 A CN111854551 A CN 111854551A CN 202010927729 A CN202010927729 A CN 202010927729A CN 111854551 A CN111854551 A CN 111854551A
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holes
perturbation
blasting method
structural surface
plunge
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CN111854551B (en
Inventor
赵元培
黄传宝
石建喜
刘东锐
韩光辉
金文辉
张森森
李日高
杨克明
李强
李士超
王玉丁
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Songqian Qianhe Mining Co ltd
Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co Ltd
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Songqian Qianhe Mining Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D1/00Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/22Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D3/00Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

A perturbation non-cutting blasting method is used for the approach mining of weak broken narrow veins, and comprises the following steps: 1. determining the position of the main soft structural surface of the tunnel face through measurement and data analysis; 2. cutting grooves on two sides or one side of the soft structural surface, and cutting peripheral holes on the periphery of the tunnel face; 3. after the upper layered route is recovered, a buffer layer with the thickness of 10-20cm is paved on the bottom plate; 4. reserving retaining wall ores of 10-20cm at two sides of the stoping access; 5. full-hole charging is adopted; 6. and (4) adopting reverse differential detonation. Through the implementation of the steps, the damage degree of blasting vibration to the upper layered cemented filling layer and the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower disks is fundamentally solved, and the difficulty and the cost of later-stage supporting are effectively reduced. According to the invention, the soft structure of the rock mass is used as a free surface, and the wall protecting ores are reserved on two sides of the stoping access, so that the arrangement number of blast holes is greatly reduced, the construction amount of opening and the explosive consumption are greatly reduced, and the comprehensive mining efficiency is improved.

Description

Micro-disturbance non-cutting blasting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground mine blasting, in particular to a perturbation non-cutting blasting method which is mainly suitable for the access type mining of weak broken narrow veins.
Background
When mining weak and broken narrow veins, the mining methods generally adopted include an upward access filling mining method, a downward access filling mining method and an upward horizontal layered filling mining method. Wherein, the ore removal proportion of the downward access filling mining method is the highest. No matter what kind of access filling method is adopted for mining, during rock drilling and blasting, empty holes and cut holes need to be drilled, and full-hole charging blasting needs to be carried out. Because the vibration of blasting is great, can cause the broken degree aggravation of the upper and lower disk wall rock of itself weak breakage, stope supporting cost and the degree of difficulty further increase, lead to the increase of whole stope cost, indirectly reduced the overall efficiency of enterprise.
The mode of reducing blasting vibrations mainly has smooth surface blasting and presplitting blasting two kinds of modes, need cut a large amount of peripheral eyes usually, has reduced the blasting vibration, but whole construction flow is more complicated, has seriously dragged the construction progress, has reduced the rate of recovery. Patent No. CN 103628878B discloses a method for filling and mining a broken surrounding rock ore body downward access layered non-segmented roadway, which aims at the special condition of an inclined thin ore body with the thickness less than 5m, adopts a non-undercut differential blasting technology, namely, a reserved crushed ore cushion layer at the top and a working face are used as blasting free faces to realize non-undercut blasting, but does not disclose a specific implementation mode, and is only suitable for a downward access mining method with a reserved crushed ore cushion layer above a stoping access. The patent with application publication number CN 109443117A discloses a process for forming a well by deep hole blasting without undercutting, which is essentially a straight undercutting mode, namely, firstly constructing a deep hole with the diameter of 600mm as a free surface, and then blasting surrounding blast holes hole by hole to realize one-time well forming. The above methods or methods cannot solve the problem of the access mining of weak broken narrow veins with high efficiency and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background technology, the invention discloses a micro-disturbance undermining-free blasting method, which aims to: aiming at the defects and shortcomings existing in the existing stoping blasting process of the weak broken route method of the ore rock, the method for realizing the route type mining of the weak broken narrow ore vein with high efficiency and low cost is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a perturbation non-cutting blasting method is used for the approach mining of weak broken narrow veins, and comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the position of the main soft structural surface of the tunnel face through measurement and data analysis;
s2: cutting a groove hole on two sides or one side of the soft structural surface, and cutting a peripheral hole on the periphery of the tunnel face, wherein the cutting depth of the groove hole is greater than that of the peripheral hole;
s3: after the upper layered mining is carried out, a buffer layer with the thickness of 10-20cm is paved on the bottom plate for reducing the damage of the lower layered mining vibration to the upper layered cemented filling layer;
s4: reserving 10-20cm of breast wall mine at two sides of the stoping access as buffer protection layers of surrounding rocks on upper and lower plates at two sides;
s5: filling powder in full holes, and blocking blast holes in the slotted holes and the peripheral holes by using a blocking object;
s6: and (3) adopting reverse differential initiation, wherein the slotted holes are initiated firstly, and then the peripheral holes are initiated.
In S1, a compass and a tape measure are used to measure the position of the major weak structural plane of the tunnel face.
In step S2, when the weak structural plane is close to one of the upper and lower plates of the tunnel face or the top and bottom plates, a slotted hole is drilled on the inner side of the weak structural plane; when the soft structural surface is positioned at the center of the tunnel face, two slotted holes are respectively dug on two sides of the soft structural surface.
In step S2, the depth of the grooved hole is 0.2m deeper than the depth of the peripheral hole.
The technical scheme is further improved, the aperture of the peripheral holes and the aperture of the slotted holes are 28-30mm, and the diameter of a medicine-filled cartridge is 27 mm.
In a further improvement, in S3, the buffer layer is made of ore, crushed stone, or a mixture of the ore and the crushed stone.
According to a further improvement, in S4, after blasting, the wall-protecting mine is mined and recovered by a pneumatic pick or other machinery.
According to a further improvement, in S5, the plug is waste paper, stemming or a wooden stick.
According to the further improved technical scheme, in S6, the time difference of the slightly-differential detonation is in the order of milliseconds.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the background technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. small hole opening construction amount and low explosive consumption
The invention uses the soft structure of the rock mass as the free surface, and does not specially cut the cut hole; and wall protecting ores are reserved on two sides of the stoping access, so that the arrangement number of blast holes is reduced. These measures greatly reduce the amount of work for opening the hole and the amount of explosive consumed.
2. Small blasting vibration, low later supporting difficulty and cost
According to the invention, the blasting buffer layers are arranged on the two sides and the top of the stoping access, so that the damage degree of blasting vibration to the upper layered cemented filling layer and the upper and lower surrounding rocks is reduced, and the difficulty and cost of later-stage support are effectively reduced.
3. Is beneficial to the mining of ores
The invention ensures that blasting vibration is reduced, and simultaneously charges through the whole holes of the peripheral holes, thereby increasing the rupture degree of blasting on the wall-protecting ore and matching with the later mining of machinery on the wall-protecting ore.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical application of the present invention in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top sectional view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary application of the present invention in example 2.
In the figure: 1. a layered cementing filling layer is arranged; 2. a buffer layer; 3. wall protecting ores; 4. a bottom eyelet; 5. a soft structural surface; 6. grooving holes; 7. a perimeter aperture.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a perturbation non-cutting blasting method is used for the approach mining of weak broken narrow veins, and comprises the following steps:
s1: and determining the position of the main soft structural surface 5 of the tunnel face through measurement and data analysis.
When drilling, according to the development condition of the joint crack surface of the tunnel face, the main weak structural surface 5 is searched. As shown in fig. 1-2, the weak structural surface 5 is an inclined strip-shaped surface and is located at the middle of the tunnel surface. And measuring the position of the main soft structural surface 5 of the palm surface by using a compass and a tape measure, measuring the tendency of the soft structural surface 5 by using the compass, and increasing or decreasing by 90 degrees to obtain the trend of the soft structural surface 5.
S2: two sides of the weak structural surface 5 are respectively provided with a slotted hole 6, and the periphery of the tunnel face is provided with a peripheral hole 7.
As shown in figure 2, according to the size of the tunnel face and the development condition of the soft structural face 5, the peripheral holes 7 are arranged to be 30-40 cm away from the soft structural face 5 and 15-20 cm away from the armguard 3 according to the principle of the minimum resistance line. In this example, the peripheral hole 7 is 30cm from the weak structural surface 5 and 15cm from the armguard 3. The peripheral holes 7 are provided in 8, including 3 bottom eye holes 4 at the bottom of the face. The aperture of the peripheral holes 7 is 28 mm, and the aperture of the slotted holes 6 is 30 mm. Because the slotted holes 6 are blasted on an incomplete free surface and limited by rock clamping operation, the utilization rate of blastholes is low, and generally the utilization rate of blastholes can only reach 80% -95%, therefore, the slotted holes 6 are 0.2m deeper than the peripheral holes 7.
S3: after the upper layered route is recovered, a buffer layer 2 with the thickness of 10cm is paved on the bottom plate.
In order to obtain local materials and reduce the cost, the buffer layer 2 is formed by mixing mined ores and crushed stones. After the laying, a cemented filling body is laid on the cushion layer 2 to form a firm upper layered cemented filling layer 1. The upper layer cemented filling layer 1 provides reliable top protection for the lower layer extraction. Because the ores and the crushed stones in the buffer layer 2 have certain gap spaces, the buffer layer can be used as a free surface during blasting to absorb the damage of blasting vibration to the upper layered cemented filling layer 1.
S4: and reserving the retaining wall mine 3 of 10cm at two sides of the stoping access.
After the detonation, blasting cracks of the peripheral holes 7 spread to the periphery, and surrounding rocks of upper and lower plates on two sides can be injured, so that the difficulty and the cost of later-stage support are increased. The reserved breast wall mine 3 plays a role in buffering and protecting the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower disks on the two sides and protects the surrounding rocks from being damaged by large blasting. And for the wall-protecting mine 3, cracks are generated due to the impact of blasting, and the mining and recovery by a pneumatic pick or other mining machines are facilitated.
S5: full-hole charging is adopted, and blast holes on the slotted holes 6 and the peripheral holes 7 are plugged by using plugs.
The full-hole charging is adopted, so that the blasting energy of the explosive is increased, and the required blasting energy and blasting effect can be achieved by using fewer blastholes. The plug of the blasthole can adopt waste paper, stemming, wooden sticks and the like.
S6: and (3) adopting reverse differential initiation, wherein the slotted hole 6 is initiated, and then the peripheral hole 7 is initiated.
The time difference of the differential detonation is in the order of milliseconds. Because the blasting time interval of the blast holes of the front and the back adjacent sections is extremely short, the mutual influence of energy fields generated by blasting of the blast holes is large. The time difference of the differential detonation is set to be millisecond grade, so that the blasting effect can be improved, and the blasting earthquake effect, the shock wave and the flying stone hazard can be reduced. The weak structural surface 5 provides a free surface for the detonation of the slotted hole 6, guides the directional blasting of the slotted hole 6, and simultaneously, blasting cracks generated after the detonation of the slotted hole 6 provide a free surface for the detonation of the peripheral hole 7, guides the directional blasting of the peripheral hole 7, and finally forms a required blasting surface.
Example 2:
s1: and determining the position of the main soft structural surface 5 of the tunnel face through measurement and data analysis.
When drilling, according to the development condition of the joint crack surface of the tunnel face, the main weak structural surface 5 is searched. As shown in fig. 3, the weak structural surface 5 is a nearly horizontal inclined band-shaped surface near the top of the tunnel surface. And measuring the position of the main soft structural surface 5 of the palm surface by using a compass and a tape measure, measuring the tendency of the soft structural surface 5 by using the compass, and increasing or decreasing by 90 degrees to obtain the trend of the soft structural surface 5.
S2: a notch hole 6 is cut on the inner side of the soft structural surface 5 near the center of the face, and a peripheral hole 7 is cut on the periphery of the face.
In this embodiment, the peripheral holes 7 are set to be 40cm from the weak structural surface 5 and 20cm from the armguard 3 according to the principle of the minimum resistance line, based on the size of the tunnel face and the development condition of the weak structural surface 5. The peripheral holes 7 are provided in 8, including 3 bottom eye holes 4 at the bottom of the face. The aperture of the peripheral holes 7 is 28 mm, and the aperture of the slotted holes 6 is 30 mm. The slotted holes 6 need to be 0.2m deeper than the peripheral holes 7.
S3: after the upper layered route is recovered, a buffer layer 2 with a thickness of 20cm is laid on the bottom plate.
Because the soft structural surface 5 is close to the top of the tunnel face, the laying thickness of the buffer layer 2 is properly increased in order to reduce the damage of blasting vibration to the upper layered cemented filling layer 1.
S4: and reserving 20cm of breast wall ores 3 at two sides of the stoping access.
Because the weak structural plane 5 extends along the transverse direction of the tunnel face, the thickness of the breast wall mine 3 is properly increased in order to reduce the damage of blasting vibration to surrounding rocks of upper and lower walls on two sides.
The steps S5 and S6 are the same as in embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.
The details of which are not described in the prior art. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. A perturbation non-cut blasting method is used for the approach mining of weak broken narrow veins and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the position of the main soft structural surface of the tunnel face through measurement and data analysis;
s2: cutting a groove hole on two sides or one side of the soft structural surface, and cutting a peripheral hole on the periphery of the tunnel face, wherein the cutting depth of the groove hole is greater than that of the peripheral hole;
s3: after the upper layered mining is carried out, a buffer layer with the thickness of 10-20cm is paved on the bottom plate for reducing the damage of the lower layered mining vibration to the upper layered cemented filling layer;
s4: reserving 10-20cm of breast wall mine at two sides of the stoping access as buffer protection layers of surrounding rocks on upper and lower plates at two sides;
s5: filling powder in full holes, and blocking blast holes in the slotted holes and the peripheral holes by using a blocking object;
s6: and (3) adopting reverse differential initiation, wherein the slotted holes are initiated firstly, and then the peripheral holes are initiated.
2. A perturbation plunge-less blasting method according to claim 1, characterised in that: at S1, the position of the major weak structural plane of the tunnel face is measured using a compass and a tape measure.
3. A perturbation plunge-less blasting method according to claim 1, characterised in that: in S2, when the weak structural surface is close to one side of the tunnel face upper and lower plates or the top and bottom plates, a slotted hole is dug on the inner side of the weak structural surface; when the soft structural surface is positioned at the center of the tunnel face, two slotted holes are respectively dug on two sides of the soft structural surface.
4. A perturbation plunge-less blasting method according to claim 1, characterised in that: in S2, the cutting depth of the grooved hole is deeper than the cutting depth of the peripheral hole by 0.2 m.
5. A perturbation plunge-less blasting method according to claim 1, characterised in that: the aperture of the peripheral holes and the aperture of the slotted holes are 28-30mm, and the diameter of the explosive cartridge for charging is 27 mm.
6. A perturbation plunge-less blasting method according to claim 1, characterised in that: in S3, the buffer layer is composed of ore, or crushed stone, or a mixture of both.
7. A perturbation plunge-less blasting method according to claim 1, characterised in that: at S4, the retaining wall mine is recovered after blasting by a pick or other machine.
8. A perturbation plunge-less blasting method according to claim 1, characterised in that: at S5, the plug is waste paper, or stemming, or a wooden stick.
9. A perturbation plunge-less blasting method according to claim 1, characterised in that: in S6, the time difference of the differential firing is in the order of milliseconds.
CN202010927729.9A 2020-09-07 2020-09-07 Micro-disturbance non-undercutting blasting method Active CN111854551B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103628878A (en) * 2013-12-16 2014-03-12 山东科技大学 Crushed surrounding rock ore downward drift layered sublevel-free tunnel filling mining method
CN105909247A (en) * 2016-04-26 2016-08-31 西南科技大学 Non-pillar sublevel mining cemented filling mining method
CN106248324A (en) * 2016-07-08 2016-12-21 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 The determination method of weak structural face intensive parameter of growing up
CN108361032A (en) * 2018-03-27 2018-08-03 西安建筑科技大学 It is horizontal to tilting route slotting formula mining codes of the very thin arteries and veins to thin lode body
CN109372509A (en) * 2018-11-16 2019-02-22 西北矿冶研究院 Arrangement method for double-hollow-hole rhombic cut holes in access filling mining

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103628878A (en) * 2013-12-16 2014-03-12 山东科技大学 Crushed surrounding rock ore downward drift layered sublevel-free tunnel filling mining method
CN105909247A (en) * 2016-04-26 2016-08-31 西南科技大学 Non-pillar sublevel mining cemented filling mining method
CN106248324A (en) * 2016-07-08 2016-12-21 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 The determination method of weak structural face intensive parameter of growing up
CN108361032A (en) * 2018-03-27 2018-08-03 西安建筑科技大学 It is horizontal to tilting route slotting formula mining codes of the very thin arteries and veins to thin lode body
CN109372509A (en) * 2018-11-16 2019-02-22 西北矿冶研究院 Arrangement method for double-hollow-hole rhombic cut holes in access filling mining

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