CN104948190A - Method for caving top surrounding rock to form covering layer recovery stud - Google Patents
Method for caving top surrounding rock to form covering layer recovery stud Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for caving top surrounding rock to form a covering layer recovery stud, which divides a middle section into 3-4 layers, firstly, the stud of the uppermost layer and the top surrounding rock are caving at one time by adopting differential blasting to form a covering layer on the layer close to the top layer, other layered studs are recovered under the covering layer by adopting a caving method, and simultaneously, ores caving under the covering layers at two sides of the stud and ores of a bottom structure are recovered. The method combines the pillar recovery and the goaf treatment and places the combination in a complete system, and is suitable for mines with ore bodies above inclined medium thickness, thicker and large rock masses on the top, and complete bottom structures, and the method recovers the first mining intermediate pillars when an open stope mining method is adopted for mining, and ore blocks have no top pillars. The method can reduce the dilution rate of the pillar recovery, can effectively treat the goaf, eliminates the potential safety hazard caused by overlarge exposed area of the goaf, and realizes the upper and lower cooperation of caving top surrounding rock and recovering pillars.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mining technique field, be specifically related to a kind of avalanche top country rock and form the method that covering layer reclaims studding.
Background technology
The mining of application open-stope method, is divided into mineral building and ore pillar, first rooming, rear recovery ore pillar by nugget.When rooming, stope exists with spacious empty form, relies on the intensity of ore pillar and country rock itself to safeguard the stability of barnyard.After mineral building back production terminates, need to reclaim ore pillar and process goaf in time.Generally reclaim ore pillar separately, dead zone exposed area will be increased, thus increase potential safety hazard; And processing separately goaf, when can cause reclaiming ore pillar, the casting resin of ore and filling dead zone mixes, and increases ore dilution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the technical problem that in prior art, pillar recover and Mined-out Area control separate operaton exist, providing a kind of pillar recover and Mined-out Area control are combined, realize avalanche top country rock and form with the avalanche top country rock collaborative up and down reclaiming ore pillar the method that covering layer reclaims studding.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: a kind of avalanche top country rock forms the method that covering layer reclaims studding, and the method comprises the following steps:
A, layering: for guaranteeing to reclaim studding safely under the cover, be divided into 3-4 the layering of height 10-15m by stage casing.
The volume of B, estimation dead zone, studding both sides: in order to the prose style free from parallelism amount enabling the studding of most higher slice and top country rock blasting in once-through produce has sufficient space of being scattered, and form certain thickness covering layer, compose to the dead zone of studding both sides the situation of depositing to verify, the volume of dead zone is estimated.
C, calculating covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount: reasonably overburden cover is the prerequisite ensureing studding safe retrieving, the feature of lower ore drawing and open-stope method is covered to the requirement determination overburden cover of safe buffering cushion thickness according to avalanche rock, natural repose angle according to the overburden cover determined and an avalanche prose style free from parallelism is done to pile up line of slope, calculate covering layer prose style free from parallelism region area, then be multiplied with studding thickness and draw the covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount of needs.
D, determine top country rock burst region: according to required covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount, in conjunction with the drillability of mine rock and the rock drilling degree of depth of medium-length hole rig, with rock drilling center for circle is drawn in the center of circle, the scope surrounded with boundary line of ore bed and rock is as top country rock burst region.
E, work arrangement: in the most higher slice, top country rock of studding, tunnel drilling drift respectively, at the most higher slice driving of studding perpendicular to the cutting gallery of drilling drift, through with goaf, both sides, at most higher slice, the top country rock medium position digging ventilation pedestrain raise of studding, vertical fan shaped medium length hole is arranged respectively in most higher slice and the top country rock drilling drift of cutting gallery, studding, the feature that this project is arranged: one is that arteries and veins is inside and outside ventilation pedestrain raise, ensure that in removal process and leaves two emergency exits; Two be eliminate top country rock cutting crosscut and for forming the engineering done of compensating space in blasting.
F, divide burst region and determine blasting method: quick-fried district headed by the most higher slice cutting gallery of studding, all the other each subregions are divided by the principle of " coiling top again on after first lower wall ", detonate successively in order according to explosion subregion, Shou Bao district carries out explosion using the goaf of studding both sides as the scope of freedom, other subregion is to cut gallery and goaf for carrying out explosion in the scope of freedom in studding, top country rock with the space formed after the studding explosion of bottom for the downward explosion in the scope of freedom.This partition method eliminates the engineering that top country rock does for forming compensating space in blasting, and flexibility is good.
G, reclaim bottom studding: after the most higher slice of studding and top country rock explosion, form covering layer, slicing and caving method is adopted from top to bottom successively to reclaim most higher slice bottom studding under the cover, each layering is reclaimed to lower wall tunneling boring retrusive by upper dish, most higher slice bottom studding ore removal carries out successively according to ore caving interval from higher slice to lower leaf, from upper dish to lower wall, after each ore caving interval explosion completes, ore drawing reclaims to proceeding to next step distance during cut-off grade again, to ensure each step pitch, each layering recovery ore resource all as much as possible.Because the recovery of most higher slice bottom studding is carried out under ore covering layer, therefore, it is possible to effectively reduce the dilution of ore.
H, reclaim avalanche at the infratectal ore in studding both sides and polycrystalline substance: after the most higher slice of studding and the disposable avalanche of top country rock, the part ore avalanche of studding is to the bottom of both sides mineral building, and employing Caving Method with Large Space reclaims this part ore and mineral building polycrystalline substance.
Further, described covering layer prose style free from parallelism region area is less than top country rock burst region area, makes the prose style free from parallelism amount of explosion avalanche be greater than the covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount of needs, forms the covering layer of safe thickness.
Further, in described step C, overburden cover is 14.5-15.5m.
Further, in described step e, the construction of medium-length hole big gun hole adopts YGZ90 type rig, Parameters of Moderate Longhole Blasting is: when powder factor and the timing of big gun hole close coefficient one, minimum burden W and aperture d is proportional, W=(25-40) d, bottom hole pitch a=(1.1-1.5) W of scallop hole, wherein in the country rock of top, each blasting parameter takes large values, get the small value in cutting groove, studding is normally arranged and is got median.
Further, compound detonating fuse propagation of explosion, Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonator initiation net is adopted during described step F borehole blasting.
Further, in described step F, the most higher slice of top country rock and studding adopts onepull, and diverse location adopts different short-delay blasting respectively.
Further, the interior Hole-hole short-delay blasting of the row of employing in the country rock of described top: arrange with the same section in gunfire hole, in fan-shaped two side gun holes, section upwards increases successively more.
Further, Hole-hole short-delay blasting in the row of employing in the most higher slice of described studding: arrange with the same section in gunfire hole more, increase successively away from big gun hole, cutting groove direction section.
Further, Hole-hole short-delay blasting in the row of employing in the most higher slice cutting gallery of described studding: arrange with the same section in gunfire hole more, increase successively away from big gun hole, dead zone, both sides section.
Hinge structure of the present invention has following beneficial effect: the present invention is directed to the shortcoming that in prior art, pillar recover and Mined-out Area control separate operaton exist, in conjunction with mining practices, propose a kind of avalanche top country rock and form the method that covering layer reclaims studding, stage casing is divided into 3-4 layering by the method, first the studding of most higher slice and top country rock are adopted the disposable avalanche of short-delay blasting, make its next-door neighbour its under layering on form covering layer, the studding of Caving Method with Large Space to other layerings is adopted to reclaim under the cover, the ore of avalanche at the infratectal ore in studding both sides and polycrystalline substance is reclaimed simultaneously.Pillar recover and Mined-out Area control combine and are placed in a complete system by the present invention, work arrangement have employed the form of two courtyard (ventilation pedestrain raise) single notching (studding most higher slice form cutting groove), ensure that in removal process and leave two emergency exits, eliminate top country rock cutting crosscut and for forming the engineering done of compensating space in blasting, achieve studding to reclaim and the collaborative of Mined-out area disposal carries out, for head under covering layer adopts the recovery of studding in stage casing and provides a kind of new method.The present invention is mainly applicable to the above ore body of Medium Thickness And Medium Slope Angle, top is composed has thicker large rock mass, when adopting openstope method mining, reclaims the first studding adopting stage casing, and nugget is without fore-set, mine that polycrystalline substance is complete.The present invention not only can reduce the rate of dilution of pillar recover, and effectively can process goaf, eliminates the potential safety hazard produced because dead zone exposed area is excessive, realizes avalanche top country rock and reclaims working in coordination with up and down of ore pillar.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is studding recovery method schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the most higher slice studding work arrangement schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that top of the present invention engineering of surrounding rock arranges schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is explosion schematic diagram of the present invention.
Reference numeral implication of the present invention is as follows: 1, studding; 2, covering layer prose style free from parallelism region; 3, rock drilling center; 4, boundary line of ore bed and rock; 5, top country rock burst region; 6, drilling drift; 7, gallery is cut; 8, first layer; 9, the second layering; 10, the 3rd layering; 11, line of slope is piled up; 12, ventilation pedestrain raise; L, overburden cover; B, natural repose angle.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment:
The method that avalanche top of the present invention country rock forms covering layer recovery studding is applied to the recovery that certain Pb-Zn deposits head adopts No. 1 studding in stage casing.According to the nugget parameter of the sublevel drilling Stage open stoping that mine adopts, the long 60m of nugget, height is miding level height 50m, and wide is orebody thickness 42m, the wide 15m of studding, polycrystalline substance height 12m.Concrete performance is as follows:
1, layering: as shown in Figure 1, for guaranteeing to reclaim studding 1 safely under the cover, adopting stage casing and being divided into 3 layerings, be i.e. first layer 8, second layering 9 and the 3rd layering 10 by head.
2, the volume of dead zone, studding both sides is estimated: in order to the prose style free from parallelism amount enabling the studding of the 3rd layering 10 and top country rock blasting in once-through produce has sufficient space of being scattered, and form certain thickness covering layer, compose to the dead zone of studding 1 both sides the situation of depositing to verify, the dead zone volume that stope mineral building can have been formed after having adopted is 86170m
3, then the dead zone volume that can be formed in studding both sides is 172340 m
3.
3, calculate covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount: reasonably overburden cover is the prerequisite ensureing studding safe retrieving, the feature of lower ore drawing and open-stope method is covered to the requirement of safe buffering cushion thickness and in conjunction with mine reality according to avalanche rock, determine that overburden cover L when this studding 1 reclaims is 15m, as shown in Figure 1, natural repose angle b according to the overburden cover L determined and an avalanche prose style free from parallelism does to pile up line of slope 11, L is 15m, b is 39.5 °, do not reclaim the region that studding surrounds calculate covering layer prose style free from parallelism region 2 area with piling up line of slope 11 and first layer 8 and the 3rd layering less than 10, the covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount drawing needs that is multiplied with studding 1 thickness is again 57318m
3.
4, top country rock burst region is determined: can form the covering layer of safe thickness according to required covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount, the prose style free from parallelism amount of explosion avalanche should be greater than the covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount 57318m of needs
3namely top country rock burst region 5 area should be greater than covering layer prose style free from parallelism region 2 area, in conjunction with the drillability of mine rock and the rock drilling degree of depth of medium-length hole rig, as shown in Figure 1, with rock drilling center 3 for circle is drawn in the center of circle, the scope surrounded with boundary line of ore bed and rock 4 is as top country rock burst region 5.Through estimation, after the studding blasting in once-through avalanche of top country rock burst region 5 and the 3rd layering, the prose style free from parallelism amount of avalanche is 66910m
3, being greater than the covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount of needs, can forming the covering layer of safe enough thickness, is that the recovery of the studding of the second layering 9 and first layer 8 creates favorable conditions.
5, work arrangement: as shown in Figures 2 and 3, at the studding of the 3rd layering 10, drilling drift 6 is tunneled respectively in the country rock of top, coil to ore body boundary with quick-fried country rock with bottom studding coils the corresponding boundary of boundary, the cutting gallery 7 perpendicular to drilling drift 6 is tunneled in the studding of the 3rd layering 10, through with goaf, both sides, at the studding of the 3rd layering 10, top country rock medium position digging ventilation pedestrain raise 12, at cutting gallery 7, the studding of the 3rd layering 10 arranges vertical fan shaped medium length hole respectively with in top country rock drilling drift 6, the construction of medium-length hole big gun hole adopts YGZ90 type rig, Parameters of Moderate Longhole Blasting is: when powder factor and the timing of big gun hole close coefficient one, minimum burden W and aperture d is proportional, W=(25-40) d, bottom hole pitch a=(1.1-1.5) W of scallop hole, when ore is hard, coefficient gets the small value, otherwise take large values.According to above design formulas, follow " the large bottom hole pitch of island operation " principle, in the country rock of top, each blasting parameter takes large values, and gets the small value in cutting groove, and studding is normally arranged and got median.
6, divide burst region and determine blasting method: in the studding of the 3rd layering 10 12-15m cutting gallery 7 headed by quick-fried district, all the other each subregions are divided by the principle of " coiling top again on after first lower wall ", as shown in Figure 4, whole burst region is divided into 4 subregions, wherein, I Shou Bao district of district is the most higher slice cutting gallery 7 of studding 1, detonate successively in order according to explosion subregion during explosion, Shou Bao district carries out explosion using the goaf of studding 1 both sides as the scope of freedom, IIth district, IIIth district is to cut gallery 7 and goaf for carrying out explosion in the scope of freedom, IVth district with the space formed after the studding explosion of bottom for the downward explosion in the scope of freedom, Ji Xiang I district, IIth district, IIIth district and caving.Compound detonating fuse propagation of explosion, Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonator initiation net is adopted during explosion, the most higher slice of top country rock and studding adopts onepull, diverse location adopts different short-delay blasting respectively, Hole-hole short-delay blasting in the row of employing in the country rock of top: arrange with the same section in gunfire hole, in fan-shaped two side gun holes, section upwards increases successively more; Hole-hole short-delay blasting in the row of employing in the most higher slice of studding: arrange with the same section in gunfire hole more, increase successively away from big gun hole, cutting groove direction section; Hole-hole short-delay blasting in the row of employing in the most higher slice cutting gallery 7 of studding: arrange with the same section in gunfire hole more, increase successively away from big gun hole, dead zone, both sides section.
7, reclaim bottom studding: after the studding of the 3rd layering 10 and top country rock explosion, form covering layer, slicing and caving method is adopted from top to bottom successively to reclaim the studding of the second layering 9 and first layer 8 under the cover, each layering is reclaimed to lower wall tunneling boring retrusive by upper dish, the studding ore removal of the second layering 9 and first layer 8 according to ore caving interval successively from higher slice to lower leaf, carry out from upper dish to lower wall, after each ore caving interval explosion completes, ore drawing is to proceeding to next step during cut-off grade again apart from reclaiming, according to stope structure and Parameters of Moderate Longhole Blasting, determine that ore caving interval is 2.4m, namely each avalanche two is arranged.Because the recovery of the studding of the second layering 9 and first layer 8 is carried out under ore covering layer, therefore, it is possible to effectively reduce the dilution of ore.
8, avalanche is reclaimed at the infratectal ore in studding both sides and polycrystalline substance: after the most higher slice of studding 1 and the disposable avalanche of top country rock, the part ore avalanche of studding 1, to the bottom of both sides mineral building, adopts Caving Method with Large Space to reclaim this part ore and mineral building polycrystalline substance.
Form by avalanche top of the present invention country rock the method that covering layer reclaims studding, this Pb-Zn deposits head adopts No. 1, stage casing studding extracted ore amount 71698t altogether, extraction grade: Zn5.12%, Pb1.43%, studding comprehensive recovery 78.5%, the comprehensive rate of dilution 18.5%, technical indicator is all better than similar mine.
Claims (9)
1. avalanche top country rock forms the method that covering layer reclaims studding, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
A, layering: 3-4 layering stage casing being divided into height 10-15m;
The volume of B, estimation dead zone, studding both sides: the situation of depositing is composed to the dead zone of studding (1) both sides and verifies, the volume of dead zone is estimated;
C, calculate covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount: cover the feature of lower ore drawing and open-stope method to the requirement determination overburden cover (L) of safe buffering cushion thickness according to avalanche rock, natural repose angle (b) according to the overburden cover determined (L) and an avalanche prose style free from parallelism is done to pile up line of slope (11), calculate covering layer prose style free from parallelism region (2) area, then be multiplied with studding (1) thickness and draw the covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount of needs;
D, determine top country rock burst region: according to required covering layer prose style free from parallelism amount, in conjunction with the drillability of mine rock and the rock drilling degree of depth of medium-length hole rig, with rock drilling center (3) for circle is drawn in the center of circle, the scope surrounded with boundary line of ore bed and rock (4) is as top country rock burst region (5);
E, work arrangement: in the most higher slice, top country rock of studding (1), tunnel drilling drift (6) respectively, at the most higher slice driving of studding (1) perpendicular to the cutting gallery (7) of drilling drift (6), through with goaf, both sides, at most higher slice, top country rock medium position digging ventilation pedestrain raise (12) of studding (1), in most higher slice and top country rock drilling drift (6) of cutting gallery (7), studding (1), arrange vertical fan shaped medium length hole respectively;
F, divide burst region and determine blasting method: quick-fried district headed by most higher slice cutting gallery (7) of studding (1), all the other each subregions are divided by the principle of " coiling top again on after first lower wall ", detonate successively in order according to explosion subregion, Shou Bao district carries out explosion using the goaf of studding (1) both sides as the scope of freedom, other subregion is to cut gallery (7) and goaf is that explosion is carried out on the scope of freedom in studding (1), top country rock with the space formed after the studding explosion of bottom for the downward explosion in the scope of freedom;
G, reclaim bottom studding: after the most higher slice of studding (1) and top country rock explosion, form covering layer, slicing and caving method is adopted from top to bottom successively to reclaim most higher slice bottom studding under the cover, each layering is reclaimed to lower wall tunneling boring retrusive by upper dish, most higher slice bottom studding ore removal carries out successively according to ore caving interval from higher slice to lower leaf, from upper dish to lower wall, after each ore caving interval explosion completes, ore drawing is to proceeding to next step during cut-off grade again apart from reclaiming;
H, reclaim avalanche at the infratectal ore in studding both sides and polycrystalline substance: after the most higher slice of studding (1) and the disposable avalanche of top country rock, the part ore avalanche of studding (1), to the bottom of both sides mineral building, adopts Caving Method with Large Space to reclaim this part ore and mineral building polycrystalline substance.
2. avalanche top according to claim 1 country rock forms the method that covering layer reclaims studding, it is characterized in that: described covering layer prose style free from parallelism region (2) area is less than top country rock burst region (5) area.
3. avalanche top according to claim 1 country rock forms the method that covering layer reclaims studding, it is characterized in that: in described step C, overburden cover (L) is 14.5-15.5m.
4. avalanche top according to claim 1 country rock forms the method that covering layer reclaims studding, it is characterized in that: in described step e, the construction of medium-length hole big gun hole adopts YGZ90 type rig, Parameters of Moderate Longhole Blasting is: when powder factor and the timing of big gun hole close coefficient one, minimum burden W and aperture d is proportional, W=(25-40) d, bottom hole pitch a=(1.1-1.5) W of scallop hole, wherein in the country rock of top, each blasting parameter takes large values, get the small value in cutting groove, studding is normally arranged and is got median.
5. avalanche top according to claim 1 country rock forms the method that covering layer reclaims studding, it is characterized in that: adopt compound detonating fuse propagation of explosion, Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonator initiation net during described step F borehole blasting.
6. avalanche top according to claim 1 country rock forms covering layer and reclaims the method for studding, it is characterized in that: in described step F, the most higher slice of top country rock and studding (1) adopts onepull, and diverse location adopts different short-delay blasting respectively.
7. avalanche top according to claim 6 country rock forms the method that covering layer reclaims studding, it is characterized in that: Hole-hole short-delay blasting in the row of employing in the country rock of described top: arrange with the same section in gunfire hole, in fan-shaped two side gun holes, section upwards increases successively more.
8. avalanche top according to claim 6 country rock forms the method that covering layer reclaims studding, it is characterized in that: Hole-hole short-delay blasting in the row of employing in the most higher slice of described studding (1): arrange with the same section in gunfire hole more, increase successively away from big gun hole, cutting groove direction section.
9. avalanche top according to claim 6 country rock forms the method that covering layer reclaims studding, it is characterized in that: Hole-hole short-delay blasting in the row of employing in most higher slice cutting gallery (7) of described studding (1): arrange with the same section in gunfire hole more, increase successively away from big gun hole, dead zone, both sides section.
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| CN106522955A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-03-22 | 广西大学 | Studding recovery method for reconstructing covering layer through dead zone wastefill and top surrounding rock spallation collaboratively |
| CN107035372A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-08-11 | 临沂会宝岭铁矿有限公司 | A kind of moat ditch formula polycrystalline substance enters trackside peak abutment post recovery method |
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| CN104948190B (en) | 2017-07-14 |
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