CN111850304A - Copper slag treatment system and method - Google Patents
Copper slag treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111850304A CN111850304A CN202010731995.4A CN202010731995A CN111850304A CN 111850304 A CN111850304 A CN 111850304A CN 202010731995 A CN202010731995 A CN 202010731995A CN 111850304 A CN111850304 A CN 111850304A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/34—Obtaining zinc oxide
- C22B19/38—Obtaining zinc oxide in rotary furnaces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a copper slag treatment method, which comprises the following steps: (1) drying the copper slag to be treated by a dryer to obtain dry copper slag powder; (2) feeding the dried copper slag powder, limestone and reduced coal into a direct-current ore furnace for smelting; (3) high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-current ore-smelting furnace in the step (2) enters a first bag-type dust collector to be filtered, so that low-grade zinc oxide powder is obtained; (4) feeding the low-grade zinc oxide powder and the reduced coal into a rotary kiln for smelting; (5) and (4) feeding the smoke of the rotary kiln obtained by smelting in the step (4) into a second bag-type dust collector for filtering to obtain high-grade zinc oxide powder. The invention also provides a copper slag treatment system, which comprises: a dryer, a direct-current submerged arc furnace and a ladle; the waste heat boiler, the first bag-type dust remover, the rotary kiln and the second bag-type dust remover; and a raw material shed. The method and the system can treat the copper slag which is piled up in large quantity at present and recover valuable elements of zinc and iron.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgical equipment and metallurgical technology, in particular to a copper slag treatment system and a copper slag treatment method.
Background
The copper slag is slag generated in the copper smelting process, and belongs to non-ferrous metal slag. The waste slag discharged by adopting the reverberatory furnace method for copper smelting is reverberatory furnace copper slag, and the waste slag discharged by adopting the blast furnace copper smelting is blast furnace copper slag. China is the main world copper producing country, about 2.2 tons of smelting slag are produced when 1 ton of copper is produced by 90 percent of pyrometallurgical process, in recent years, the amount of copper slag produced in China is about 1600 million tons every year, and the historical stock exceeds 1.2 hundred million tons. The chemical composition of the copper slag is SiO2：30％～40％，CaO：5％～10％，MgO：1％～5％，Al2O3: 2% -4%, Fe: 27% -40%, Zn: 1% -3%; the main phase is fayalite, and the secondary phases are magnetite, vitreous body and sulfide. At present, most copper smelting enterprises sell part of copper slag to building material enterprises for cement additives and brickmaking, and part of copper slag is stockpiled, so that valuable metals in the smelting slag are not recovered to the maximum extent. Under the conditions that the profit of the copper smelting industry is reduced and the environmental protection requirement is increasingly strict, the copper slag is reasonably comprehensively treated and the economic benefit is realized, which is of great importance to copper smelting enterprises.
The method is a main utilization trend at present for recovering valuable metals from copper slag through pyrometallurgy.
One production process that is actually implemented in current production is as follows: drying the copper slag, mixing the dried and ground limestone powder, ground coal powder, a binder and water according to a certain proportion, and pelletizing by a disc pelletizer; and then roasting the pellets by adopting a chain grate machine to prepare dry pellets. And (3) feeding the dry pellets into a rotary hearth furnace, blowing gas as a heat source, and carrying out reduction reaction inside the pellets at high temperature to obtain zinc oxide dust and high-temperature directly reduced iron pellets. The high-temperature direct reduced iron pellets are subjected to water quenching and cooling to prevent secondary oxidation, then ore grinding is carried out, and finally iron powder is obtained through magnetic separation. The process has the following problems: the heat of the high-temperature pellets is not utilized, and the water quenching is directly carried out, so that the energy is wasted; the reduction process of the rotary hearth furnace is limited by the self temperature (the reduction area is about 1100-1300 ℃), so that the metallization rate of iron is low, the recovery rate of iron is 88% at most, and the recovery rate is low; the final product is iron powder obtained by magnetic separation, because the reduction temperature of a rotary hearth furnace is not high, the growth of iron grains in reduced iron pellets is not large enough, the iron grains are tightly combined with surrounding impurities, and the iron and the impurities are difficult to be fully separated by the conventional ore grinding process, so that a large amount of impurities (silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, carbon powder, sulfur and the like) exist in the iron powder during the magnetic separation, and the grade of the iron in the iron powder is only 90% at most. In addition, the iron powder is not a conventional product in the current metallurgical market, and the impurities of the iron powder are high, so that the iron powder cannot be used for steelmaking; if iron powder is used in a blast furnace, the iron powder needs to be briquetted before it can be charged into the blast furnace. The conventional raw material for blast furnace iron making is iron ore, the iron ore is cheap, and the iron ore compete for the market, so that the conventional raw material has no advantages.
In addition, the process of 'rotary hearth furnace and gas melting separation' is used for utilizing the copper slag. The process flow comprises the following steps: drying the copper slag, mixing the dried and ground limestone powder, ground coal powder, a binder and water according to a certain proportion, and pelletizing by a disc pelletizer; and then roasting the pellets by adopting a chain grate machine to prepare dry pellets. And (3) feeding the dry pellets into a rotary hearth furnace, blowing gas as a heat source, and carrying out reduction reaction inside the pellets at high temperature to obtain zinc oxide dust and high-temperature directly reduced iron pellets. The high-temperature direct reduced iron pellets are sent into a gas melting furnace, and about 30 percent of limestone, reduced coal and the like are added, so that the metallization rate and the reduction rate of iron are improved. The process has the following defects: the high-temperature direct reduction pellets are transferred from the rotary hearth furnace to the gas melting furnace, and energy loss exists in the transfer process. The transportation of the high-temperature pellets is often discontinuous, and a large amount of labor is needed, so that the subsequent operation of the gas melting furnace is discontinuous. The temperature of the high-temperature pellets in the rotary hearth furnace is about 900 ℃, certain danger exists in the transfer process, and the high-temperature secondary oxidation of the pellets is avoided. In addition, the actual investment cost of the rotary hearth furnace is relatively high, the operation difficulty is high, and the occupied area is large; the pelletizing process consumes a large amount of binder.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve all or part of the problems, the invention aims to provide a copper slag treatment system and a copper slag treatment method, which can treat the copper slag piled up in large quantity at present and recover valuable elements of zinc and iron.
In one aspect, the invention provides a copper slag treatment method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the copper slag to be treated by a dryer to obtain dry copper slag powder;
(2) feeding the dried copper slag powder, limestone and reduced coal into a direct-current ore furnace for smelting;
(3) high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-current ore-smelting furnace in the step (2) enters a first bag-type dust collector to be filtered, so that low-grade zinc oxide powder is obtained;
(4) feeding the low-grade zinc oxide powder and the reduced coal into a rotary kiln for smelting;
(5) and (4) feeding the smoke of the rotary kiln obtained by smelting in the step (4) into a second bag-type dust collector for filtering to obtain high-grade zinc oxide powder.
Optionally, in the step (2), the proportion of the dried copper slag powder, the limestone and the reduced coal is as follows:
the mass of fixed carbon in the reduced coal/the mass of oxygen in iron oxide in the dried copper slag powder is 0.8-1.0;
(the mass of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide in the dried copper slag powder and limestone)/(the mass of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide in the dried copper slag powder) is 0.6-0.8.
Optionally, in the step (3), before the high-temperature flue gas enters the first bag-type dust collector, the high-temperature flue gas enters a waste heat boiler to exchange heat and recover heat.
Optionally, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the low-grade zinc oxide powder to the reduced coal is 1: 0.3 to 0.35.
Optionally, in step (5), the high grade zinc oxide powder contains more than 90 wt% zinc oxide.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a copper slag treatment system, including: a dryer, a direct-current submerged arc furnace and a ladle;
the dryer is used for drying the copper slag to be treated to obtain dry copper slag powder; and (3) feeding the dried copper slag powder into a direct-current submerged arc furnace, and smelting together with limestone and reducing coal.
Optionally, the copper slag treatment system further comprises: the waste heat boiler, the first bag-type dust remover, the rotary kiln and the second bag-type dust remover;
high-temperature flue gas generated in the once-through ore-smelting furnace enters a first bag-type dust collector for filtering after heat exchange of a waste heat boiler, so that low-grade zinc oxide powder is obtained; feeding the low-grade zinc oxide powder into a rotary kiln for smelting; and the smoke of the rotary kiln obtained by smelting enters a second bag-type dust collector for filtering.
Optionally, the copper slag treatment system further comprises: and the raw material shed is used for storing the copper slag to be treated, the limestone and the reducing coal.
Optionally, the direct-current submerged arc furnace comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover, an electrode column system, a feeding system, a flue gas guiding system, a power supply system, a cooling water system and a hydraulic system.
Compared with the prior art, the copper slag treatment method and the system have the following beneficial effects:
(1) beneficial elements of iron and zinc in the copper slag are recovered to form high-grade molten iron and high-grade zinc oxide dust, so that the method has good economic significance;
(2) compared with the utilization modes of 'rotary hearth furnace + water quenching + ore grinding + magnetic separation', the method avoids the consumption of a large amount of binder for manufacturing pellets; the rotary hearth furnace occupies large area and has high manufacturing cost; when the rotary hearth furnace is used for reduction, the growth of iron grains is limited, and iron powder and silicon oxide impurities cannot be fully separated by grinding, so that the grade of the iron powder recovered by magnetic separation is low; in addition, the iron powder is not a mature market product and cannot be sold;
(3) compared with the process of 'rotary hearth furnace + heat preservation heat transfer + melting separation', the invention avoids the consumption of a large amount of adhesive for manufacturing the pellets; the rotary hearth furnace occupies large area and has high manufacturing cost; the temperature of the pellets is reduced by the rotary hearth furnace and is about 900 ℃ after the pellets are discharged from the rotary hearth furnace, and the pellets are easy to be secondarily oxidized; the conveying of the pellets at high temperature is not convenient enough and is easy to cause danger;
(4) the low-grade zinc oxide powder is obtained by the direct-current ore-smelting furnace, the raw materials are subjected to reduction treatment, the low-grade zinc oxide powder is treated by using a small rotary kiln to obtain the high-grade zinc oxide powder, and the high-grade material is obtained at lower cost;
(5) the process flow of the direct-current submerged arc furnace and the rotary kiln is short, and the process is convenient and fast.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the copper slag treatment method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the copper slag treatment system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, technical terms referred to in the present invention have meanings that are generally understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Aiming at the problems of long and complicated process, high cost and the like in the copper slag treatment in the prior art, the inventor of the invention creatively provides a brand-new process for utilizing the copper slag through research. The process does not employ large footprint equipment such as rotary hearth furnaces. The copper slag powder can be directly utilized without being added with a binder and the like for pelletizing; limestone, coal and the like do not need to be ground to prepare powder. The process is relatively short. The copper slag powder can be rapidly melted and reduced through the high-temperature molten pool of the direct-current submerged arc furnace to obtain molten iron. The direct-current submerged arc furnace primarily enriches the zinc element in the copper slag, reduces the copper slag, changes the zinc element into gaseous zinc, oxidizes the gaseous zinc to form zinc oxide particles, and finally collects the zinc oxide particles in the first bag-type dust collector to form low-grade zinc oxide powder. Smelting the low-grade zinc oxide powder into gaseous zinc through a small rotary kiln, changing the gaseous zinc into zinc oxide particles again, and collecting the zinc oxide particles in a bag-type dust collector to form the high-grade zinc oxide powder. The grade of zinc oxide is more than 90%, and the zinc oxide has good market sales value.
The method for treating copper slag according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 as follows:
(1) and drying the copper slag to be treated by a dryer to obtain dry copper slag powder. Because the copper slag contains water, the copper slag can be smelted in a direct current furnace only by removing the water through a dryer.
(2) And (3) feeding the dried copper slag powder, limestone and reduction coal into a direct-current ore furnace for smelting.
In this step, the proportion of the dried copper slag powder, limestone and reducing coal should satisfy the following:
the mass of fixed carbon in the reduced coal/the mass of oxygen in iron oxide in the dried copper slag powder is 0.8-1.0;
(the mass of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide in the dried copper slag powder and limestone)/(the mass of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide in the dried copper slag powder) is 0.6-0.8.
The copper slag contains ferrous oxide, zinc oxide, sulfur element, silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide. Wherein, the content of silicon dioxide is about 30 percent and greatly exceeds the substances of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and the like, limestone is required to be added to reduce the acidity of the material, and the slag with lower viscosity can be formed during smelting to be beneficial to smelting. The inventor finally proposes, through further analytical studies: the proportion of the dried copper slag powder, limestone and reduced coal follows: (the mass of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide in the dried copper slag powder and limestone)/(the mass of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide in the dried copper slag powder) is 0.6-0.8. The reducing coal is used for reducing substances such as ferrous oxide and the like in the copper slag, so the mixture ratio follows: the mass of fixed carbon in the reduced coal/the mass of oxygen in the iron oxide in the copper slag is 0.8-1.0. By adopting the proportion, the viscosity of the slag can be effectively reduced, and the smelting is further promoted.
In this step, after smelting, slag, molten iron and high temperature flue gas are produced in the once-through submerged arc furnace, wherein the slag can be recovered for preparing glass, microcrystalline cast stone and the like. And (4) the high-temperature flue gas enters the subsequent step (3).
(3) And (3) performing heat exchange on high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-current ore-smelting furnace in the step (2) through a waste heat boiler, and then filtering the high-temperature flue gas by using a first bag-type dust collector to obtain low-grade zinc oxide powder.
(4) And feeding the low-grade zinc oxide powder and the reduced coal into a rotary kiln for smelting.
(5) And (4) feeding the smoke of the rotary kiln obtained by smelting in the step (4) into a second bag-type dust collector for filtering to obtain high-grade zinc oxide powder.
The direct-current submerged arc furnace relies on the high-temperature heat of the electric arc to strengthen the reduction reaction in the furnace. Ferrous oxide, zinc oxide, etc. are reduced. In the smelting process of the direct-current submerged arc furnace, zinc oxide is reduced to form zinc, the zinc is changed into gaseous zinc at high temperature, the gaseous zinc enters the flue gas delivery pipe and is oxidized again to form zinc oxide, and finally the zinc oxide is collected in the first bag-type dust collector. In the smelting process, other substances in the materials are also taken away by the airflow and enter the dust removal system. The dust enters a first bag-type dust collector. The dust in the first bag-type dust collector is dust with low content of zinc oxide, and is called low-grade zinc oxide powder. Adding low-grade zinc oxide powder and reducing coal from the tail of the rotary kiln, igniting the kiln head of the rotary kiln, and moving kiln tail materials to the kiln head along with the rotation of the rotary kiln. At high temperature of the kiln head, the materials react to generate zinc and form gaseous zinc, the gaseous zinc moves from the kiln head to the kiln tail and is gradually oxidized to generate zinc oxide particles, and finally the zinc oxide particles enter a second bag-type dust collector to form high-grade zinc oxide powder. The high-grade zinc oxide powder contains more than 90 wt% of zinc oxide, has high grade and higher market sale price.
Through the steps, the invention provides a set of complete copper slag utilization process route, the route is short in flow, and qualified product molten iron and qualified high-quality zinc oxide powder are obtained. Has profound significance for utilizing the copper slag. The submerged arc furnace slag contains a large amount of silicon oxide and calcium oxide and can be used for preparing glass and microcrystalline cast stone. Thereby leading the whole treatment process to have no waste and meeting the requirements of the current environment-friendly production.
The copper slag treatment system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 2 as follows:
this copper slag processing system includes: a dryer, a direct-current submerged arc furnace and a ladle; the waste heat boiler, the first bag-type dust remover, the rotary kiln and the second bag-type dust remover; and a raw material shed.
The function of each device is as follows:
the raw material shed is used for storing materials such as copper slag, limestone, reducing coal and the like;
the dryer is used for drying the copper slag and removing water to obtain dry copper slag powder;
the direct-current submerged arc furnace is used for smelting and reducing copper slag powder;
the waste heat boiler is used for allowing high-temperature flue gas to enter the waste heat boiler for heat exchange;
the first bag-type dust collector is used for recovering dust in the cooled flue gas, and the dust contains zinc oxide and is called low-grade zinc oxide powder;
the rotary kiln is used for smelting low-grade zinc oxide powder;
the second bag-type dust collector is used for purifying the smoke of the rotary kiln and recovering dust in the smoke, and is called high-grade zinc oxide powder;
by means of the copper slag treatment method, the devices are organically combined into a system, and specifically, the dryer is used for drying copper slag to be treated to obtain dry copper slag powder; the dried copper slag powder enters a direct-current submerged arc furnace to be smelted together with limestone and reducing coal; high-temperature flue gas generated in the once-through ore-smelting furnace enters a first bag-type dust collector for filtering after heat exchange of a waste heat boiler, so that low-grade zinc oxide powder is obtained; feeding the low-grade zinc oxide powder into a rotary kiln for smelting; and the smoke of the rotary kiln obtained by smelting enters a second bag-type dust collector for filtering.
Particularly, in the copper slag treatment system, the direct-current submerged arc furnace is adopted, so that the power utilization efficiency is high compared with that of an alternating-current submerged arc furnace, and powder can be directly treated. At present, a large amount of copper slag exists in the form of powder, the powder is directly used for smelting, pelletizing is not needed, and the use of pelletizing binders is reduced; also avoids grinding limestone, reducing coal and the like.
In the copper slag treatment system of the invention, the direct-current submerged arc furnace can adopt a conventional direct-current submerged arc furnace. For example, a direct current submerged arc furnace includes: the device comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover, an electrode column system, a feeding system, a flue gas leading-out system, a power supply system, a cooling water system and a hydraulic system. The furnace body is used for containing furnace charge, and the electrode column system is used for heating and melting the furnace charge by using direct current electric arc, comprises a cathode and an anode, and can be inserted into the depth of the furnace charge through lifting control. The furnace cover is positioned above the furnace body, and the feeding system is used for feeding materials into the furnace body. The power supply system is used for supplying power to the electrodes. The cooling water system provides cooling for the furnace cover, the electrode system and the like to reduce the temperature. The hydraulic system provides power for the electrode column system. The flue gas is led out in the furnace charge smelting process and is sent to a bag-type dust remover and other purification devices by the flue gas leading-out system.
Examples
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.
Example 1:
the raw material shed contains copper slag, reducing coal, limestone and other substances.
And drying the wet copper slag by a dryer to remove water, and pneumatically conveying the wet copper slag to the direct-current ore-smelting furnace by a bin pump.
And conveying the reduced coal and limestone to the direct-current submerged arc furnace through a belt conveyor. The proportion of the copper slag powder, the reduced coal and the limestone follows the following principle: the mass of fixed carbon in the reduced coal/the mass of oxygen in the iron oxide in the copper slag was 0.8. (the mass of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide in the copper slag and limestone)/(the mass of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide in the copper slag) is 0.6.
The direct current submerged arc furnace is electrified to generate high-temperature electric arc, so that reduction reaction occurs in the furnace body. And reducing iron and zinc in the copper slag. At high temperature, the iron elements are gathered into molten iron and are discharged to the foundry ladle at regular time.
Zinc enters the flue gas delivery pipe at high temperature and is secondarily oxidized to form zinc oxide. The flue gas contains zinc oxide and other dust. And (4) allowing the high-temperature flue gas to enter a waste heat boiler for heat exchange and cooling the flue gas. Then the flue gas enters a first bag-type dust remover, and the first bag-type dust remover filters dust in the flue gas to finally obtain low-grade zinc oxide powder.
Adding low-grade zinc oxide powder and reducing coal into the kiln tail of the rotary kiln, wherein the weight ratio of the low-grade zinc oxide powder to the reducing coal is 1: 0.3. the material moves from the kiln tail to the kiln head, and the kiln head is provided with a burner for generating high temperature. The material is subjected to reduction reaction near the kiln head to generate gaseous zinc, and the gaseous zinc moves from the kiln head to the kiln tail and is gradually oxidized to form zinc oxide particles. And the zinc oxide dust enters a second bag-type dust collector to form high-grade zinc oxide powder, wherein the grade of the zinc oxide is 91%.
Example 2:
the raw material shed contains copper slag, reducing coal, limestone and other substances.
And drying the wet copper slag by a dryer to remove water, and pneumatically conveying the wet copper slag to the direct-current ore-smelting furnace by a bin pump.
And conveying the reduced coal and limestone to the direct-current submerged arc furnace through a belt conveyor. The proportion of the copper slag powder, the reduced coal and the limestone follows the following principle: the mass of fixed carbon in the reduced coal/the mass of oxygen in the iron oxide in the copper slag was 0.9. (the mass of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide in the copper slag and limestone)/(the mass of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide in the copper slag) is 0.7.
The direct current submerged arc furnace is electrified to generate high-temperature electric arc, so that reduction reaction occurs in the furnace body. And reducing iron and zinc in the copper slag. At high temperature, the iron elements are gathered into molten iron and are discharged to the foundry ladle at regular time.
Zinc enters the flue gas delivery pipe at high temperature and is secondarily oxidized to form zinc oxide. The flue gas contains zinc oxide and other dust. And (4) allowing the high-temperature flue gas to enter a waste heat boiler for heat exchange and cooling the flue gas. Then the flue gas enters a first bag-type dust collector, and the bag-type dust collector filters dust in the flue gas to finally obtain low-grade zinc oxide powder.
Adding low-grade zinc oxide powder and reducing coal into the kiln tail of the rotary kiln, wherein the weight ratio of the low-grade zinc oxide powder to the reducing coal is 1: 0.32. the material moves from the kiln tail to the kiln head, and the kiln head is provided with a burner for generating high temperature. The material is subjected to reduction reaction near the kiln head to generate gaseous zinc, and the gaseous zinc moves from the kiln head to the kiln tail and is gradually oxidized to form zinc oxide. And the zinc oxide dust enters a second bag-type dust collector to form high-grade zinc oxide powder, wherein the grade of the zinc oxide is 94%.
Example 3:
the raw material shed contains copper slag, reducing coal, limestone and other substances.
And drying the wet copper slag by a dryer to remove water, and pneumatically conveying the wet copper slag to the direct-current ore-smelting furnace by a bin pump.
And conveying the reduced coal and limestone to the direct-current submerged arc furnace through a belt conveyor. The proportion of the copper slag powder, the reduced coal and the limestone follows the following principle: the mass of fixed carbon in the reduced coal/the mass of oxygen in the iron oxide in the copper slag was 1. (the mass of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide in the copper slag and limestone)/(the mass of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide in the copper slag) is 0.8.
The direct current submerged arc furnace is electrified to generate high-temperature electric arc, so that reduction reaction occurs in the furnace body. And reducing iron and zinc in the copper slag. At high temperature, the iron elements are gathered into molten iron and are discharged to the foundry ladle at regular time.
Zinc enters the flue gas delivery pipe at high temperature and is secondarily oxidized to form zinc oxide. The flue gas contains zinc oxide and other dust. And (4) allowing the high-temperature flue gas to enter a waste heat boiler for heat exchange and cooling the flue gas. Then the flue gas enters a first bag-type dust collector, and the bag-type dust collector filters dust in the flue gas to finally obtain low-grade zinc oxide powder.
Adding low-grade zinc oxide powder and reducing coal into the kiln tail of the rotary kiln, wherein the weight ratio of the low-grade zinc oxide powder to the reducing coal is 1: 0.35. the material moves from the kiln tail to the kiln head, and the kiln head is provided with a burner for generating high temperature. The material is subjected to reduction reaction near the kiln head to generate gaseous zinc, and the gaseous zinc moves from the kiln head to the kiln tail and is gradually oxidized to form zinc oxide. And the zinc oxide dust enters a second bag-type dust collector to form high-grade zinc oxide powder, wherein the grade of the zinc oxide is 95%.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other substitutions, modifications, combinations, changes, simplifications, etc., which are made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be construed as equivalents and included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A copper slag treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) drying the copper slag to be treated by a dryer to obtain dry copper slag powder;
(2) feeding the dried copper slag powder, limestone and reduced coal into a direct-current ore furnace for smelting;
(3) high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-current ore-smelting furnace in the step (2) enters a first bag-type dust collector to be filtered, so that low-grade zinc oxide powder is obtained;
(4) feeding the low-grade zinc oxide powder and the reduced coal into a rotary kiln for smelting;
(5) and (4) feeding the smoke of the rotary kiln obtained by smelting in the step (4) into a second bag-type dust collector for filtering to obtain high-grade zinc oxide powder.
2. The copper slag treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ratio of the dried copper slag powder, limestone and reduced coal is:
the mass of fixed carbon in the reduced coal/the mass of oxygen in iron oxide in the dried copper slag powder is 0.8-1.0;
(the mass of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide in the dried copper slag powder and limestone)/(the mass of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide in the dried copper slag powder) is 0.6-0.8.
3. The copper slag treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the high-temperature flue gas enters a waste heat boiler for heat exchange and heat recovery before entering the first bag-type dust remover.
4. The copper slag treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mass ratio of the low-grade zinc oxide powder to the reduced coal is 1: 0.3 to 0.35.
5. The copper slag treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the high-grade zinc oxide powder contains more than 90 wt% of zinc oxide.
6. A copper slag treatment system, comprising: a dryer, a direct-current submerged arc furnace and a ladle;
the dryer is used for drying the copper slag to be treated to obtain dry copper slag powder; and (3) feeding the dried copper slag powder into a direct-current submerged arc furnace, and smelting together with limestone and reducing coal.
7. The copper slag treatment system according to claim 6, further comprising: the waste heat boiler, the first bag-type dust remover, the rotary kiln and the second bag-type dust remover;
high-temperature flue gas generated in the once-through ore-smelting furnace enters a first bag-type dust collector for filtering after heat exchange of a waste heat boiler, so that low-grade zinc oxide powder is obtained; feeding the low-grade zinc oxide powder into a rotary kiln for smelting; and the smoke of the rotary kiln obtained by smelting enters a second bag-type dust collector for filtering.
8. The copper slag treatment system according to claim 6, further comprising: and the raw material shed is used for storing the copper slag to be treated, the limestone and the reducing coal.
9. The copper slag treatment system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the direct current submerged arc furnace comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover, an electrode column system, a feeding system, a flue gas leading-out system, a power supply system, a cooling water system and a hydraulic system.
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