CN111848502A - (5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇的合成方法 - Google Patents
(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
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- OFKWIQJLYCKDNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Br)C=N1 OFKWIQJLYCKDNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
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- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了(5‑溴‑2‑甲基吡啶‑4‑基)甲醇的合成方法,属于有机合成领域,该方法以5‑溴‑2‑甲基吡啶为原料,甲醇为溶剂,与过硫酸铵和浓硫酸一步反应得到(5‑溴‑2‑甲基吡啶‑4‑基)甲醇,包括步骤:5‑溴‑2‑甲基吡啶溶于有机溶剂中,加入质子酸后加热回流,滴加过硫酸铵水溶液后继续加热回流反应;当反应大部分时冲入冰水,用碳酸氢钠调碱至pH为7‑8,EA萃取3次,合并有机相,经饱和食盐水和无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩所得有机相,拌样过柱即得。本发明原料价廉易得,操作简便且纯化方便,工艺稳定安全,对设备要求较低,弥补了现有技术中合成(5‑溴‑2‑甲基吡啶‑4‑基)甲醇的空白,适于大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成领域,涉及一种用于农药或医药的有机化工中间体,特别涉及一种(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇的合成方法。
背景技术
5-溴-2-甲基吡啶在医药中间体生产中具有重要价值,可用于生产高附加值的精细化工产品,在制药工业、农药工业以及化学工业中占有重要地位。(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇是5-溴-2-甲基吡啶的一种,是维生素B6的竞争性拮抗剂、KDR激酶抑制剂、代谢拮抗剂(抗代谢物)、影像示踪剂的重要中间体。目前,有关(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇的合成并未有文献报道,虽然有相近的现有技术,如Hyde,Alan M.;Liu,Zhijian.[OrganicLetters,2016,vol.18,#22,p.5888-5891]以5-溴-2-氯吡啶为原料,二异丙基氨基锂(LDA)拔氢、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)上醛基制备2-氯-5-溴异烟醛,再还原合成5-溴-2-氯-4-吡啶甲醇,技术路线如式(1)所示:
但这种方法并不适用,以类似底物反应失败而无法得到目标产物。
此外,还有通过吡啶甲酸酯一步还原得到吡啶甲醇的方法,技术路线如式(2)所示:
但该方法并不适用,底物5-溴-2-甲基异烟酸甲酯价格昂贵、并不商业可得,且氢化铝锂LiAlH4等强还原试剂极易在潮湿空气中水解并引起燃烧甚至爆炸,对人体粘膜、上呼吸道、眼和皮肤有强烈的刺激性。
还有以5-溴-2-甲基吡啶为原料,二异丙基氨基锂拔氢、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或者甲酸乙酯上醛基,反应得到5-溴-2-甲基异烟醛后,再还原得到(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇的方法,技术路线如式(3)所示:
专利申请CN106083703A应用该方法,以类似底物3-溴吡啶,但经过多次重复实验均未得到中间体5-溴-2-甲基异烟醛,初步推断该方法可能不适用于5-溴-2-甲基吡啶底物,或有机锂试剂可能发生锂溴交换、与活泼甲基氢反应等,无法获得目标产物。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述不足,本发明提供一种(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇的合成方法,以5-溴-2-甲基吡啶为原料,甲醇为溶剂,与过硫酸铵和浓硫酸一步反应得到(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇,操作简便且条件温和。
本发明提供的(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇的合成方法,技术路线如式(4)所示:
包括以下步骤:
(a)5-溴-2-甲基吡啶(化合物1)溶于有机溶剂中,加入质子酸,加热回流,滴加过硫酸铵水溶液,继续加热回流反应0.5-24h;
(b)当点板显示反应大部分时冲入冰水,并用碳酸氢钠调碱(pH7-8),EA萃取3次,合并有机相,再用饱和食盐水和无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩所得有机相,拌样过柱,得(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇(化合物2)。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述有机溶剂选自如下任一物质:甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、二氧六环或水,优选为甲醇或乙醇,更优选为甲醇。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:10-20(g/mL),优选为1:10-15(g/mL)。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述质子酸选自盐酸、硫酸或硝酸,优选为盐酸或硫酸,更优选为硫酸,且所述5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与质子酸的质量体积比为1:10-50(g/mL)。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与过硫酸铵的摩尔比为1:1-4,优选为1:2-3。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,步骤(a)中,所述加热回流的温度为70℃,反应时间为0.5-8h,优选为0.5h。
本发明的上述合成方法具有如下优势:原料价廉易得,操作简便,工艺稳定安全,纯化方便,对设备要求较低,弥补了现有技术中(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇合成方法的空白,且适于大规模工业化生产。
本发明的上述合成方法可能涉及的自由基反应机理如式(5)和(6)所示:
基于经典的MiniSci反应机理,整个过程概括如下:(1)首先过硫酸铵在酸性条件下水溶液中,氧化甲醇,生成羟亚甲基自由基;(2)然后通过羟亚甲基自由基对质子化缺电子的吡啶4位进行自由基亲核加成反应;(3)最后氧化自由基加成物重新芳基化得到产物。
附图说明
图1是(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇的核磁1H-NMR图谱。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例和对比例进一步说明本发明,这些实施例只是用于说明本发明,本发明不限于以下实施例。凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
本发明提供的(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇的合成方法,技术路线如下式所示:
具体步骤可为:5-溴-2-甲基吡啶(化合物1)溶于有机溶剂中,加入质子酸,加热回流,滴加过硫酸铵水溶液,继续加热回流反应0.5-24h;当点板显示反应大部分时冲入冰水,并用碳酸氢钠调碱(pH7-8),EA萃取3次,合并有机相,再用饱和食盐水和无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩所得有机相,拌样过柱,得到(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇(化合物2)。
一些实施方式,有机溶剂可选自甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、二氧六环或水,优选为甲醇;一些实施方式,5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与有机溶剂的质量体积比可为1:10-20(g/mL),优选为1:10-15(g/mL);一些实施方式,质子酸可选自盐酸、硫酸或硝酸,优选为硫酸,且5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与质子酸的质量体积比为1:10-50(g/mL);一些实施方式,5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与过硫酸铵的摩尔比可为1:1-4,优选为1:2-3;一些实施方式,步骤(a)中,加热回流的温度可为70℃,反应时间可为0.5-8h。
以下实施例1示例性地描述化合物(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇的合成,其中未注明制备方法的原料均为市售商品。
实施例1
采用如式(4)所示的技术路线合成化合物(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇,具体步骤为:将化合物1(100g,0.58mol,1.0eq)溶于1000mL甲醇中,加入10ml浓硫酸,加热到70℃回流15min;滴加过硫酸铵(265g,1.16mol,2.0eq)水溶液(500mL),70℃继续回流30min;点板显示反应大部分时,冲入冰水;碳酸氢钠调碱,EA萃取3次,合并有机相。然后用饱和食盐水和无水硫酸钠干燥后,浓缩有机相,拌样过柱,得产品2(55g,0.27mol,收率:46.83%),其核磁1H-NMR图谱如图1所示。
实施例2至11采用如实施例1中式(4)所示的技术路线合成化合物(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇,不同之处仅在于如表1所示的反应条件不同,并计算化合物(5-溴-2-甲基吡啶-4-基)甲醇的收率如表1所示。
表1
序号 | 反应条件 | 收率 |
实施例1 | 70℃℃,回流0.5h | 46.83% |
实施例2 | 70℃,回流2h | 30.83% |
实施例3 | 70℃,回流4h | 21.44% |
实施例4 | 70℃,回流8h | 15.76% |
实施例5 | 5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与过硫酸铵的摩尔比为1:3,70℃,0.5h | 46.60% |
实施例6 | 5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与过硫酸铵的摩尔比为1:4,70℃,0.5h | 46.43% |
实施例7 | 乙醇,70℃,回流0.5h | 40.57% |
实施例8 | 四氢呋喃,70℃,回流0.5h | 38.46% |
实施例9 | 二氧六环,70℃,回流0.5h | 20.79% |
实施例10 | 盐酸,70℃,回流0.5h | 35.69% |
实施例11 | 硝酸,70℃,回流0.5h | 30.55% |
通过对实施例2、实施例3和实施例4的比较,相对于优选反应条件下的实施例1,70℃回流时间越长收率越低,70℃回流时间选0.5h收率最高。
通过对实施例5、实施例6的比较,相对于优选反应条件下的实施例1,改变5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与过硫酸铵的摩尔比,对收率影响不大。
通过对实施例7、实施例8和实施例9的比较,相对于优选反应条件下的实施例1,调整有机溶剂的选择对产品2的收率有影响,收率从低到高依次为:二氧六环<四氢呋喃<乙醇<甲醇其中,甲醇为溶剂收率最高。
通过对实施例10、实施例11的比较,相对于优选反应条件下的实施例1,改变质子酸,对产品2的收率有影响,收率从低到高依次为:硝酸<盐酸<硫酸其中,硫酸为溶剂收率最高。
上述对实施例的描述是为了便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用本发明。熟悉本领域技术人员显然可以容易的对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中,而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例。本领域技术人员根据本发明的原理,不脱离本发明的范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、二氧六环或水中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:10-20(g/mL)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述质子酸选自盐酸、硫酸或硝酸,且所述5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与质子酸的质量体积比为1:10-50(g/mL)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与过硫酸铵的摩尔比为1:1-4。
6.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,所述加热回流的温度为70℃,反应时间为0.5-8h。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于,
所述有机溶剂选自甲醇;和/或
所述5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:10-15(g/mL);和/或
所述质子酸选自硫酸,且所述5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与质子酸的质量体积比为1:10-50(g/mL);和/或
所述5-溴-2-甲基吡啶与过硫酸铵的摩尔比为1:2-3,和/或
步骤(a)中,所述加热回流的温度为70℃,反应时间为0.5h。
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