CN111844300B - 一种防火木材处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种防火木材处理方法,在进行超声高压浸渍前,先对木材进行真空微波加热处理,能够显著提升木材的渗透率,为浸渍液提供良好的浸渍通道,使得浸渍更加均匀迅速;通过预处理、超声高压浸渍、烘干、喷涂防火涂层等步骤,改变了木材的燃点和易燃、易潮特性,制备的木材燃烧增长速率指数为45‑80W/s,600s内总热释放量为3.2‑5.6MJ,烟尖高度为36‑63(Fs)/mm,实施例三的提供的防火木材处理方法处理后的木材防火性能最优,其燃烧增长速率指数45W/s,600s内总热释放量仅3.2MJ,烟尖高度(Fs)仅36mm,均优于国家B1级标准。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料领域,特别是一种防火木材处理方法。
背景技术
木材作为常用建筑与装修材料,是传统的建筑材料,在古建筑和现代建筑中都得到了广泛应用,对于现代建材来说,最注重的是建材的安全性,而木材为最常见的易燃物,安全隐患也最为明显,木材的防火处理工艺愈发得到重视,木材防火性能的优化提升成为建材领域发展的趋势。
为了提高木材及其制品的火灾安全性,常需要对其进行阻燃处理。根据木材的性质和用途,对木材的防护阻燃处理一般采用表面涂敷法和浸渍法,所采用阻燃剂多为无机阻燃剂,防火效果不高,且会出现吸潮渗出的问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种防火木材处理方法,通过对现有阻燃剂化学成分的调整,使得防火木材的燃点提高、防潮性能提升,保证木材中的阻燃剂不易因受潮渗出,防止因受潮降低防火效果且污染环境。
具体技术方案是:
一种防火木材处理方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)制备浸渍液,所述浸渍液由硼酸钠、水性膨润土、氟磷阻燃剂、自来水按重量比1:2:5:10~15充分混合所得。
(2)木材的预处理,将木材放入浸渍罐中,然后将浸渍罐密闭并抽真空至50~100Pa,然后微波加热至100~130℃,维持5~10min后降温至50~70℃预备浸泡。
(3)木材超声高压浸渍,向浸渍罐中注入过量步骤(1)制备好的浸渍液,然后将浸渍罐缓慢加压至0.9~1.1MPa,并伴随超声波处理,观察浸渍罐内的浸渍液液面,当浸渍液被吸收至不能完全淹没木材时,需要反复注入浸渍液并反复加压,超声高压浸渍的总时间为15~30min。
(4)木材烘干,浸渍完成后,先解除高压状态并导出浸渍罐内的浸渍液,再对浸渍罐进行抽真空处理5~10min,解除真空状态后取出木材放入烘干机,在65~70℃下的温度下烘干,直至木材的含水量达到5~7%。
(5)制备防火涂层,所述防火涂层由以下重量份的原料制成:聚氧化乙烯乳液4~6份、改性松香聚酯4~6份、醋酸丁酯10~15份、聚硅氧烷乳液5~7份、水溶性纤维15~20份、碳酸氢钠20~25份、自来水40~60份,将原料放入反应容器中,在85~95℃的温度下,以750~800r/min的搅拌速度匀速搅拌4~5h,搅拌完毕后即得到所述防火涂层。
(6)喷涂防火涂层,将步骤(5)得到的防火涂层高温喷涂到浸泡后的木材表面,喷涂两遍,每遍间隔1~2h。
进一步地,氟磷阻燃剂与木材的质量比为1~3:20。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,自来水的含量为原料总量的56~65%。
进一步地,步骤(5)中,自来水的含量为原料总量的41~43%。
进一步地,步骤(5)中,聚氧化乙烯乳液、改性松香聚酯、醋酸丁酯的用量比为2:2:5。
本发明获得的有益效果:
(1)在进行超声高压浸渍前,先对木材进行真空微波加热处理,能够显著提升木材的渗透率,为浸渍液提供良好的浸渍通道,使得浸渍更加均匀迅速。
(2)用自来水配制浸渍液和防火涂层,极大的节约了制造成本。
(3)由表1可知,本发明实施例一至实施例五制备的防火木材的防火性能均达到国家GB 8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》中B1级标准,其中,经过本发明方法制备的木材燃烧增长速率指数为45-80W/s,600s内总热释放量为3.2-5.6MJ,烟尖高度为36-63(Fs)/mm,实施例三的提供的防火木材处理方法处理后的木材防火性能最优,其燃烧增长速率指数45W/s,600s内总热释放量仅3.2MJ,烟尖高度(Fs)仅36mm,均优于国家B1级标准。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的具体的物料配比、工艺条件及其结果仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例一:
一种防火木材处理方法,具体步骤如下:制备浸渍液,所述浸渍液由硼酸钠、水性膨润土、氟磷阻燃剂、自来水按重量比1:2:5:10充分混合所得;木材的预处理,将木材放入浸渍罐中,然后将浸渍罐密闭并抽真空至50Pa,然后微波加热至100℃,维持5min后降温至50℃预备浸泡;木材浸泡,向浸渍罐中注入过量制备好的浸渍液,然后将浸渍罐缓慢加压至0.9MPa,并伴随超声波处理,观察浸渍罐内的浸渍液液面,当浸渍液被吸收至不能完全淹没木材时,需要反复注入浸渍液并反复加压,超声高压浸渍的总时间为15min;木材烘干,浸渍完成后,先解除高压状态并导出浸渍罐内的浸渍液,再对浸渍罐进行抽真空处理5min,解除真空状态后取出木材放入烘干机,在65℃下的温度下烘干,直至木材的含水量达到5%;制备防火涂层,所述防火涂层由以下重量份的原料制成:聚氧化乙烯乳液4份、改性松香聚酯4份、醋酸丁酯10份、聚硅氧烷乳液5份、水溶性纤维15份、碳酸氢钠20份、自来水40份,将原料放入反应容器中,在85℃的温度下,以750r/min的搅拌速度匀速搅拌4h,搅拌完毕后即得到所述防火涂层;喷涂防火涂层,将防火涂层高温喷涂到浸泡后的木材表面,喷涂两遍,每遍间隔1h。
实施例二:
一种防火木材处理方法,具体步骤如下:制备浸渍液,所述浸渍液由硼酸钠、水性膨润土、氟磷阻燃剂、自来水按重量比1:2:5:12充分混合所得;木材的预处理,将木材放入浸渍罐中,然后将浸渍罐密闭并抽真空至60Pa,然后微波加热至110℃,维持6min后降温至55℃预备浸泡;木材浸泡,向浸渍罐中注入过量制备好的浸渍液,然后将浸渍罐缓慢加压至0.95MPa,并伴随超声波处理,观察浸渍罐内的浸渍液液面,当浸渍液被吸收至不能完全淹没木材时,需要反复注入浸渍液并反复加压,超声高压浸渍的总时间为18min;木材烘干,浸渍完成后,先解除高压状态并导出浸渍罐内的浸渍液,再对浸渍罐进行抽真空处理6min,解除真空状态后取出木材放入烘干机,在66℃下的温度下烘干,直至木材的含水量达到5.5%;制备防火涂层,所述防火涂层由以下重量份的原料制成:聚氧化乙烯乳液4.5份、改性松香聚酯4.6份、醋酸丁酯12份、聚硅氧烷乳液5.5份、水溶性纤维16份、碳酸氢钠22份、自来水45份,将原料放入反应容器中,在87℃的温度下,以760r/min的搅拌速度匀速搅拌4.3h,搅拌完毕后即得到所述防火涂层;喷涂防火涂层,将防火涂层高温喷涂到浸泡后的木材表面,喷涂两遍,每遍间隔1.4h。
实施例三:
一种防火木材处理方法,具体步骤如下:制备浸渍液,所述浸渍液由硼酸钠、水性膨润土、氟磷阻燃剂、自来水按重量比1:2:5:13充分混合所得;木材的预处理,将木材放入浸渍罐中,然后将浸渍罐密闭并抽真空至75Pa,然后微波加热至120℃,维持8min后降温至60℃预备浸泡;木材浸泡,向浸渍罐中注入过量制备好的浸渍液,然后将浸渍罐缓慢加压至1.0MPa,并伴随超声波处理,观察浸渍罐内的浸渍液液面,当浸渍液被吸收至不能完全淹没木材时,需要反复注入浸渍液并反复加压,超声高压浸渍的总时间为23min;木材烘干,浸渍完成后,先解除高压状态并导出浸渍罐内的浸渍液,再对浸渍罐进行抽真空处理8min,解除真空状态后取出木材放入烘干机,在67℃下的温度下烘干,直至木材的含水量达到6%;制备防火涂层,所述防火涂层由以下重量份的原料制成:聚氧化乙烯乳液5份、改性松香聚酯5份、醋酸丁酯13份、聚硅氧烷乳液6份、水溶性纤维18份、碳酸氢钠23份、自来水50份,将原料放入反应容器中,在90℃的温度下,以780r/min的搅拌速度匀速搅拌4.5h,搅拌完毕后即得到所述防火涂层;喷涂防火涂层,将防火涂层高温喷涂到浸泡后的木材表面,喷涂两遍,每遍间隔1.6h。
实施例四:
一种防火木材处理方法,具体步骤如下:制备浸渍液,所述浸渍液由硼酸钠、水性膨润土、氟磷阻燃剂、自来水按重量比1:2:5:14充分混合所得;木材的预处理,将木材放入浸渍罐中,然后将浸渍罐密闭并抽真空至90Pa,然后微波加热至125℃,维持9min后降温至65℃预备浸泡;木材浸泡,向浸渍罐中注入过量制备好的浸渍液,然后将浸渍罐缓慢加压至1.05MPa,并伴随超声波处理,观察浸渍罐内的浸渍液液面,当浸渍液被吸收至不能完全淹没木材时,需要反复注入浸渍液并反复加压,超声高压浸渍的总时间为26min;木材烘干,浸渍完成后,先解除高压状态并导出浸渍罐内的浸渍液,再对浸渍罐进行抽真空处理9min,解除真空状态后取出木材放入烘干机,在68℃下的温度下烘干,直至木材的含水量达到6.5%;制备防火涂层,所述防火涂层由以下重量份的原料制成:聚氧化乙烯乳液5.5份、改性松香聚酯5.5份、醋酸丁酯14份、聚硅氧烷乳液6.5份、水溶性纤维19份、碳酸氢钠24份、自来水55份,将原料放入反应容器中,在92℃的温度下,以790r/min的搅拌速度匀速搅拌4.8h,搅拌完毕后即得到所述防火涂层;喷涂防火涂层,将防火涂层高温喷涂到浸泡后的木材表面,喷涂两遍,每遍间隔1.8h。
实施例五:
一种防火木材处理方法,具体步骤如下:制备浸渍液,所述浸渍液由硼酸钠、水性膨润土、氟磷阻燃剂、自来水按重量比1:2:5:15充分混合所得;木材的预处理,将木材放入浸渍罐中,然后将浸渍罐密闭并抽真空至100Pa,然后微波加热至130℃,维持10min后降温至70℃预备浸泡;木材浸泡,向浸渍罐中注入过量制备好的浸渍液,然后将浸渍罐缓慢加压至1.1MPa,并伴随超声波处理,观察浸渍罐内的浸渍液液面,当浸渍液被吸收至不能完全淹没木材时,需要反复注入浸渍液并反复加压,超声高压浸渍的总时间为30min;木材烘干,浸渍完成后,先解除高压状态并导出浸渍罐内的浸渍液,再对浸渍罐进行抽真空处理10min,解除真空状态后取出木材放入烘干机,在70℃下的温度下烘干,直至木材的含水量达到7%;制备防火涂层,所述防火涂层由以下重量份的原料制成:聚氧化乙烯乳液6份、改性松香聚酯6份、醋酸丁酯15份、聚硅氧烷乳液7份、水溶性纤维20份、碳酸氢钠25份、自来水60份,将原料放入反应容器中,在95℃的温度下,以800r/min的搅拌速度匀速搅拌5h,搅拌完毕后即得到所述防火涂层;喷涂防火涂层,将防火涂层高温喷涂到浸泡后的木材表面,喷涂两遍,每遍间隔2h。
实施例六:
将实施例一至五提供的防火木材处理方法制备的木材进行性能测定,测定其处理后的木材防火性能,结果参见表1。
表1:实施例一至五制备的防火木材的木材防火性能
序号 | 燃烧增长速率指数/W/s | 600s内总热释放量/MJ | 烟尖高度(Fs)/mm |
实施例一 | 80 | 5.6 | 63 |
实施例二 | 65 | 4.8 | 55 |
实施例三 | 45 | 3.2 | 36 |
实施例四 | 56 | 3.9 | 49 |
实施例五 | 72 | 4.5 | 57 |
国家标准(B1) | 120≤ | 7.5≤ | 150≤ |
防火性能测定方法:根据GB 8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》中B1级要求进行检测。
由表1可知,本发明实施例一至实施例五制备的防火木材的防火性能均达到国家GB 8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》中B1级标准,其中,经过本发明方法制备的木材燃烧增长速率指数为45-80W/s,600s内总热释放量为3.2-5.6MJ,烟尖高度为36-63(Fs)/mm,实施例三的提供的防火木材处理方法处理后的木材防火性能最优,其燃烧增长速率指数45W/s,600s内总热释放量仅3.2MJ,烟尖高度(Fs)仅36mm,均优于国家B1级标准。
综上所述,本发明提供的技术方案使得防火木材达到国家GB8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》中B1级标准的同时优于国家B1级标准。
Claims (5)
1.一种防火木材处理方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)制备浸渍液,所述浸渍液由硼酸钠、水性膨润土、氟磷阻燃剂、自来水按重量比1:2:5:10~15充分混合所得,
(2)木材的预处理,将木材放入浸渍罐中,然后将浸渍罐密闭并抽真空至50~100Pa,然后微波加热至100~130℃,维持5~10min后降温至50~70℃预备浸泡,
(3)木材浸泡,向浸渍罐中注入过量步骤(1)制备好的浸渍液,然后将浸渍罐缓慢加压至0.9~1.1MPa,并伴随超声波处理,观察浸渍罐内的浸渍液液面,当浸渍液被吸收至不能完全淹没木材时,需要反复注入浸渍液并反复加压,超声高压浸渍的总时间为15~30min,
(4)木材烘干,浸渍完成后,先解除高压状态并导出浸渍罐内的浸渍液,再对浸渍罐进行抽真空处理5~10min,解除真空状态后取出木材放入烘干机,在65~70℃下的温度下烘干,直至木材的含水量达到5~7%,
(5)制备防火涂层,所述防火涂层由以下重量份的原料制成:聚氧化乙烯乳液4~6份、改性松香聚酯4~6份、醋酸丁酯10~15份、聚硅氧烷乳液5~7份、水溶性纤维15~20份、碳酸氢钠20~25份、自来水40~60份,将原料放入反应容器中,在85~95℃的温度下,以750~800r/min的搅拌速度匀速搅拌4~5h,搅拌完毕后即得到所述防火涂层,
(6)喷涂防火涂层,将步骤(5)得到的防火涂层高温喷涂到浸泡后的木材表面,喷涂两遍,每遍间隔1~2h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防火木材处理方法,其特征在于:所述氟磷阻燃剂与木材的质量比为1~3:20。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防火木材处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,自来水的含量为原料总量的56~65%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防火木材处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中,自来水的含量为原料总量的41~43%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防火木材处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中,聚氧化乙烯乳液、改性松香聚酯、醋酸丁酯的用量比为2:2:5。
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