CN107127847B - 一种木材的防火处理方法 - Google Patents

一种木材的防火处理方法 Download PDF

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CN107127847B
CN107127847B CN201710290255.XA CN201710290255A CN107127847B CN 107127847 B CN107127847 B CN 107127847B CN 201710290255 A CN201710290255 A CN 201710290255A CN 107127847 B CN107127847 B CN 107127847B
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陈熙悌
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Jiangsu fuhuilin Wood Industry Co.,Ltd.
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    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/32—Mixtures of different inorganic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
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    • B27K5/04—Combined bleaching or impregnating and drying of wood
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    • C09D103/00—Coating compositions based on starch, amylose or amylopectin or on their derivatives or degradation products
    • C09D103/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
    • B27K2240/30—Fireproofing
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种木材的防火处理方法，通过浸泡、风干、高压浸渍、烘干、刷涂层等步骤，改变木材的燃点和易燃特性。在进行高压浸渍前，先在硅酸钠、ZRM阻燃剂和海水的混合得到的浸泡液中浸泡，硅酸钠和ZRM阻燃剂本身有很好的阻燃作用，利用海水代替自来水，因为海水中的盐分也有很好的阻燃作用，木材先吸收一部分浸泡液后，再通过高压浸渍的方法将阻燃剂压入木材缝隙中，很好的改变了木材的性质，提高了木材的燃点，并且最后在木材表面涂上防火涂层，更进一步得保护了木材，使木材隔绝空气的同时也能提高木材的燃点。

Description

一种木材的防火处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料领域，特别是一种木材的防火处理方法。
背景技术
木材是能够次级生长的植物，如乔木和灌木，所形成的木质化组织，这些植物在初生生长结束后，根茎中的维管形成层开始活动，向外发展出韧皮，向内发展出木材。木材为常用建筑与装修材料，是传统的建筑材料，在古建筑和现代建筑中都得到了广泛应用，在结构上，木材主要用于构架和屋顶，如梁、柱、橼、望板、斗拱等，并且木材历来被广泛用于建筑室内装修与装饰，它给人以自然美的享受，还能使室内空间产生温暖与亲切感，如条木地板是室内使用最普遍的木质地面，它是由龙骨、地板等部分构成。对于现代建材来说，最注重的特点之一为安全性，而木材为最常见的易燃物，安全隐患也最为明显，木材的防火处理工艺越为得到重视，木材防火性能的提高成为建材领域发展的趋势。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种木材的防火处理方法，提高木材的燃点，减弱木材的易燃性。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一种木材的防火处理方法，包括以下步骤：
1)硅酸钠、ZRM阻燃剂、含盐的水按重量比2∶1∶7混合，得到浸泡液；将木材浸泡在所述浸泡液中，使木材吸收浸泡液直至饱和；
2)将步骤1)中吸满浸泡液的木材风干，直至木材的含水量不高于20％；
3)将干燥后的木材放入高压浸渍罐中，盖好盖，抽真空后，将阻燃浸注剂在真空条件下导入高压浸渍罐中，直至阻燃浸注剂填满高压浸渍罐；缓慢加压到0.8～1.2MPa，保持2～4h；解除压力，排出剩余阻燃浸注剂后抽真空，在真空条件下保持15～20min；解除真空取出木材；
4)将完成步骤3)的木材置于烘干机中，在65～80℃的温度下烘干，直至木材含水量不高于8％；
5)制备防火涂层，所述防火涂层由以下重量份的原料制成：多磷酸铵20～25份、淀粉8～12份、硼酸6～10份、硼砂3～8份、三聚氰胺磷酸盐10～15份、氢氧化铝3～5份、氢氧化镁1～4份、去离子水16～27份、增塑剂1～3份、缓冲剂1～3份、引发剂0.5～0.8份；将原料放入反应容器中，在60～80℃温度下，搅拌6～8h，搅拌速度为500～700r/min，搅拌完毕后将温度降到室温，静置4～6h，即可得到所述防火涂层；
6)将步骤5)得到的防火涂层均匀涂覆到木材表面，涂覆3～5遍，每遍间隔4～5h。
进一步地，所述阻燃浸注剂为无机盐类阻燃剂。
进一步地，步骤5)中，去离子水的含量为原料总量的28～33％。
进一步地，所述增塑剂为磷酸三甲酚酯和/或磷酸三苯酯。
进一步地，所述缓冲剂为环氧化豆油或环氧氯丙烷。
进一步地，步骤5)中，增塑剂、缓冲剂、引发剂的用量比为3∶2∶1。
本发明的有益效果：在进行高压浸渍前，先在硅酸钠、ZRM阻燃剂和含盐的水的混合得到的浸泡液中浸泡，含盐的水可以使用海水，成本低廉，硅酸钠和ZRM阻燃剂本身有很好的阻燃作用，利用海水代替自来水，因为海水中的盐分也有很好的阻燃作用，木材先吸收一部分浸泡液后，再通过高压浸渍的方法将阻燃剂压入木材缝隙中，改变了木材内部物理结构，提高了木材的燃点，并且最后在木材表面涂上防火涂层，更进一步得保护了木材，使木材隔绝空气的同时也能提高木材的燃点。
具体实施方式
下面结合以下具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
按以下步骤处理木材：
1)硅酸钠、ZRM阻燃剂、海水按重量比2∶1∶7混合，得到浸泡液；将木材浸泡在所述浸泡液中，使木材吸收浸泡液直至饱和；
2)将步骤1)中吸满浸泡液的木材风干，直至木材的含水量为20％；
3)将干燥后的木材放入高压浸渍罐中，盖好盖，抽真空后，将无机阻燃浸注剂在真空条件下导入高压浸渍罐中，直至阻燃浸注剂填满高压浸渍罐；缓慢加压到1.2MPa，保持3h；解除压力，排出剩余阻燃浸注剂后抽真空，在真空条件下保持20min；解除真空取出木材；
4)将完成步骤3)的木材置于烘干机中，在80℃的温度下烘干，直至木材含水量为6％；
5)制备防火涂层，所述防火涂层由以下重量份的原料制成：多磷酸铵23份、淀粉10份、硼酸8份、硼砂5份、三聚氰胺磷酸盐13份、氢氧化铝4份、氢氧化镁3份、去离子水22份、磷酸三苯酯1.8份、环氧化豆油1.2份、引发剂0.6份；将原料放入反应容器中，在70℃温度下，搅拌7h，搅拌速度为600r/min，搅拌完毕后将温度降到室温，静置5h，即可得到所述防火涂层；
6)将步骤5)得到的防火涂层均匀涂覆到木材表面，涂覆4遍，每遍间隔4.5h，待防火涂层干透，即完成木材的防火处理。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，并不是对本发明专利范围的限制，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种木材的防火处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1）硅酸钠、ZRM阻燃剂、海水按重量比2:1:7混合，得到浸泡液；将木材浸泡在所述浸泡液中，使木材吸收浸泡液直至饱和；
2）将步骤1）中吸满浸泡液的木材风干，直至木材的含水量不高于20%；
3）将干燥后的木材放入高压浸渍罐中，盖好盖，抽真空后，将阻燃浸注剂在真空条件下导入高压浸渍罐中，直至阻燃浸注剂填满高压浸渍罐；缓慢加压到0.8~1.2MPa，保持2~4h；解除压力，排出剩余阻燃浸注剂后抽真空，在真空条件下保持15~20min；解除真空取出木材；
4）将完成步骤3）的木材置于烘干机中，在65~80℃的温度下烘干，直至木材含水量不高于8%；
5）制备防火涂层，所述防火涂层由以下重量份的原料制成：多磷酸铵20~25份、淀粉8~12份、硼酸6~10份、硼砂3~8份、三聚氰胺磷酸盐10~15份、氢氧化铝3~5份、氢氧化镁1~4份、去离子水16~27份、增塑剂1~3份、缓冲剂1~3份、引发剂0.5~0.8份，所述缓冲剂为环氧化豆油或环氧氯丙烷；将原料放入反应容器中，在60~80℃温度下，搅拌6~8h，搅拌速度为500~700r/min，搅拌完毕后将温度降到室温，静置4~6h，即得到所述防火涂层；
6）将步骤5）得到的防火涂层均匀涂覆到木材表面，涂覆3~5遍，每遍间隔4~5h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种木材的防火处理方法，其特征在于，所述阻燃浸注剂为无机盐类阻燃剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种木材的防火处理方法，其特征在于，步骤5）中，去离子水的含量为原料总量的28~33%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种木材的防火处理方法，其特征在于，所述增塑剂为磷酸三甲酚酯和/或磷酸三苯酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种木材的防火处理方法，其特征在于，步骤5）中，增塑剂、缓冲剂、引发剂的用量比为3:2:1。
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