CN111839662A - 碎石导线支撑导管 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种碎石导线支撑导管。本发明包括依次连通的第一管段、第二管段和第三管段,导管内部设有碎石导线通道,外部设有球囊,内部设有为球囊充气的通道。工作状态下,所述第一管段和第二管段进入人体,所述第三管段位于人体外部。本发明经ERCP钳道置入到胆总管内;越过结石并充盈球囊,可将胆总管内较小的结石经胆总管拖入到十二指肠内;胆总管结石较大时,置入的导管头端靠近结石,经导管置入碎石导线,导线尾端连接连接等离子、微电极或钬激光导线,导线头端电极靠近胆总管结石进行碎石,结石破碎后充盈球囊能将较大的碎石拖入十二指肠内。造价低,易于推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及胆管疾病医疗器械技术领域,尤其涉及一种碎石导线支撑导管。
背景技术
胆总管结石是我国的常见病和多发病,结石堵塞胆总管长诱发急性胆管炎、梗阻性黄疸、急性胆源性胰腺炎等并发症,出现寒战、发热、腹痛、黄疸等表现,重者甚至导致休克,长期的结石刺激有发生胆管癌的风险,是危害人类健康的重要疾病。没权胆总管结石的治疗方案包括开腹胆道探查取石、腹腔镜胆道探查取石、内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)取石、经皮经肝胆管穿刺(PTCD)+瘘道扩张+经皮经肝胆道镜(PTCS)取石、经PTCD途径十二指肠乳头球囊扩张囊取石等。
对于高龄、基础疾病多、心肺功能障碍等不适合行全麻胆道探查手术的患者多采取ERCP取石,先进行乳头括约肌切开及球囊扩张,然后使用取石球囊将结石拖入胆总管内,但是对于直径超过1.5cm的巨大胆总管结石,采取的ERCP辅助的网篮机械取石或SpyGlass直视下碎石。上述技术头端存在以下不足:1.完整取出结石前长采取乳头括约肌大切开及大球囊乳头扩张风险较大,围手术期容易发生乳头出血、急性胰腺炎、穿孔等近期并发症并发症,以及反流性胆管炎、结石早期复发及胆管炎等远期并发症;2.巨大胆总管结石往往引起胆总管梗阻,由于空间狭窄,经ERCP置入碎石网篮难以套取巨大胆总管结石;3.网篮机械碎石效率低,部分坚硬的胆固醇结石难以被网篮勒碎;4.套取结石后如不能勒碎结石,如果结石不能经网篮排出,导致碎石网篮不能取出,只能选择全麻胆道探查手术,其风险大;5.经ERCP置入SpyGlass直视下碎石是近期开展的新技术,其碎石效率较高,且并发症低,但是SpyGlass仪器及耗材费用极高,普通医院并未开展该项技术,普通家庭难以承受其巨额高额的治疗费用。
发明内容
根据上述提出的技术问题,而提供一种碎石导线支撑导管。本发明采用的技术手段如下:
一种碎石导线支撑导管,包括依次连通的第一管段、第二管段和第三管段,
所述第一管段前端管体呈锥形且具有弧面,管体头端呈球形,其内部设有第一通道;
所述第二管段为双通道管,其外部设有球囊,其内部开设的双通道管中的第二通道与球囊相连,第三通道与第一通道相连;
所述第三管段为双通道管,其内部开设的双通道管中的第四通道与第二通道连通,第五通道与第三通道连通;
所述第二通道、第四通道为球囊充气通道,第一通道、第三通道和第五通道为碎石导线通道;
工作状态下,所述第一管段和第二管段进入人体,所述第三管段位于人体外部。
进一步地,所述第一管段表面涂有亲水涂层。
进一步地,所述球囊为柱形球囊或球形球囊,球囊的顶端不超过第一管段,所述第二通道的头端为盲端,第四通道的底端与气囊接头相连。
进一步地,球囊贴近于第一管段管壁时直径为1.5~2.0cm,充气扩张后的直径为2.5cm~3.0cm,球囊长度为1~3cm。
进一步地,所述碎石导线通道可容纳碎石导线,直径为2mm。
进一步地,所述第五通道的底端存在一支路,该支路与第三管段侧壁的注水接头相连。
进一步地,导管的外径包括8.5Fr。
进一步地,导管全长2.2~2.8m。
进一步地,所述第三管段的外壁还设有固定在其上的便于抓握的手柄套。
本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明前端管体呈锥形,管体头端呈球形,表面涂有亲水涂层,更容易经十二指肠乳头置入到胆总管内;
2、本发明头端设有球囊,可将较小的胆总管结石直接拖入十二指肠内;
3、本发明可通过碎石导线,对较大的胆总管结石可于X光下进行等离子、微电极及激光碎石,无需使用胆道镜辅助,更适用于基层医院;
4、本发明头端设有球囊,充盈球囊后产生对胆总管壁的压力,可防止电极的移位;
5、本发明置入碎石导线通道的碎石电极位于导管及球囊的中央,充盈球囊后可使电极远离胆管壁,防止碎石过程中电极损伤胆管壁。
6、本发明碎石导线与结石之间的距离可调,缩短碎石导线电极与结石之间的距离,可增加碎石效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做以简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明具体结构示意图。
图2为本发明第一管段(a)、第二管段(b)的横截面图,(c)为第一管段的主视图截面图。
图3为本发明实施例中柱形球囊完全张开时的结构示意图。
图4(a)~(d)分别为本发明实施例1中逆行碎石取石过程的四个阶段。
图5(a)~(d)分别为本发明实施例1中逆行碎石取石过程的四个阶段。
图中:1、第一管段;11、第一通道;2、第二管段;21、第二通道;22、第三通道;3、第三管段;31、第四通道;32、第五通道;33、手柄套;34、球囊充气接头;35、注液接头。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1、图2(a)(b)(c)、图3所示,本实施例公开了一种碎石导线支撑导管,包括依次连通的第一管段1、第二管段2和第三管段3,
所述第一管段前端管体呈锥形且具有弧面,管体头端呈球形,其内部设有第一通道11;
所述第二管段为双通道管,其外部设有球囊,其内部开设的双通道管中的第二通道21与球囊相连,第三通道22与第一通道相连;
所述第三管段为双通道管,其内部开设的双通道管中的第四通道31与连通第二通道连通,第五通道32与第三通道连通;
所述第二通道、第四通道为球囊充气通道,第一通道、第三通道和第五通道为碎石导线通道;
工作状态下,所述第一管段和第二管段进入人体,所述第三管段位于人体外部。
所述第一管段表面涂有亲水涂层。
所述球囊为柱形球囊或球形球囊,球囊的顶端不超过第一管段,所述第二通道的头端为盲端,第四通道的底端与气囊接头相连。
球囊贴近于第一管段管壁时直径为1.5~2.0cm,充气扩张后的直径为2.5cm~3.0cm,球囊长度为1~3cm。
所述碎石导线通道可容纳碎石导线,直径为2mm。
所述第五通道的底端存在一支路,该支路与第三管段侧壁的注水接头相连。
导管的外径包括8.5Fr。
所述第三管段的外壁还设有固定在其上的便于抓握的手柄套33,手柄套上可开设用于安装球囊充气接头34、注液接头35的孔。
实施例1
本实施例中,导管全长2.2~2.8m。
经口置入十二指肠镜,胆管插管成功后,先行内镜逆行胆管造影,确定结石的数目、部位及大小,再行十二指肠乳头括约肌小切开,并使用直径1.0cm的柱形球囊扩张十二指肠乳头。
如图5(a)~(d)所示,在导丝引导下经十二指肠钳道置入本球囊导管,充盈球囊将胆总管下端较小的结石直接拖入十二指肠。结石直径超过1cm时,将本球囊导管头端靠近结石,充盈球囊并向胆总管远端推进球囊,本球囊导管头端贴近结石后,将球囊充盈至胆总管直径并固定球囊,经碎石导线通道置入碎石导线,碎石导线头端电极靠近胆总管的结石后,通过等离子、微电极或激光碎石,将胆总管内大块结石击碎。
结石破碎后,释放球囊,将球囊导管置入到碎石上方并充盈球囊,使用充盈的球囊将碎石拖入十二指肠。
实施例2
先行PTCD引流胆汁控制胆系感染及黄疸,PTCD管留置2个月。
经原PTCD管置入斑马导丝,导丝越过结石经十二指肠乳头进入十二指肠远端。
留置导丝并退出原PTCD管,经导管头端置入导丝,如图4(a)~(d)所示,在导丝引导下将碎石导管送至胆总管内,经注水接头注入造影,显示结石大小及部位,然后将球囊送至十二指肠乳头处。经球囊接头注入造影剂进行十二指肠乳头球囊扩张,扩张直径0.8-1.2cm。
释放球囊并将碎石导管退至胆总管结石近端,再次充盈球囊,将胆总管直径1.0cm以下的结石直径推入十二指肠。
如胆总管结石直径大于1cm或小于1cm的胆总管结石不能通过乳头时,经注射接头快速滴注生理盐水,退出导丝并置入碎石导线行等离子碎石,将胆总管内大块结石击碎,然后使用充盈的球囊将碎石推入十二指肠。
碎石结束后,再次经注水孔注入造影剂,确定无结石残留,释放球囊并退出造影导管。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种碎石导线支撑导管,其特征在于,包括依次连通的第一管段、第二管段和第三管段,
所述第一管段前端管体呈锥形且具有弧面,管体头端呈球形,其内部设有第一通道;
所述第二管段为双通道管,其外部设有球囊,其内部开设的双通道管中的第二通道与球囊相连,第三通道与第一通道相连;
所述第三管段为双通道管,其内部开设的双通道管中的第四通道与第二通道连通,第五通道与第三通道连通;
所述第二通道、第四通道为球囊充气通道,第一通道、第三通道和第五通道为碎石导线通道;
工作状态下,所述第一管段和第二管段进入人体,所述第三管段位于人体外部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碎石导线支撑导管,其特征在于,所述第一管段表面涂有亲水涂层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碎石导线支撑导管,其特征在于,所述球囊为柱形球囊或球形球囊,球囊的顶端不超过第一管段,所述第二通道的头端为盲端,第四通道的底端与气囊接头相连。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的碎石导线支撑导管,其特征在于,球囊贴近于第一管段管壁时直径为1.5~2.0cm,充气扩张后的直径为2.5cm~3.0cm,球囊长度为1~3cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的碎石导线支撑导管,其特征在于,所述碎石导线通道可容纳碎石导线,直径为2mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的碎石导线支撑导管,其特征在于,所述第五通道的底端存在一支路,该支路与第三管段侧壁的注水接头相连。
7.根据权利要求1所述的碎石导线支撑导管,其特征在于,导管的外径包括8.5Fr。
8.根据权利要求1所述的碎石导线支撑导管,其特征在于,导管全长2.2~2.8m。
9.根据权利要求1所述的碎石导线支撑导管,其特征在于,所述第三管段的外壁还设有固定在其上的便于抓握的手柄套。
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