CN111838456A - Traditional Chinese medicine composition and turbot feed prepared from same - Google Patents

Traditional Chinese medicine composition and turbot feed prepared from same Download PDF

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CN111838456A
CN111838456A CN202010836490.4A CN202010836490A CN111838456A CN 111838456 A CN111838456 A CN 111838456A CN 202010836490 A CN202010836490 A CN 202010836490A CN 111838456 A CN111838456 A CN 111838456A
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feed
turbot
prepared
traditional chinese
chinese medicine
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刘海燕
高学政
张配瑜
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Hebei Normal University
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Abstract

The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition and turbot feed prepared from the same, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight:

Description

Traditional Chinese medicine composition and turbot feed prepared from same
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition and turbot feed prepared from the same.
Background
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus) also called turbot, belongs to the order Pleuroideae, the family Paralichthys and the genus Paralichthys, and is an important industrial marine culture fish in the north of China. In recent years, with the development of a high-density intensive culture mode, the immunity of fish bodies is reduced due to various culture environment stresses, diseases such as enteritis, ascites and the like frequently occur in the turbot culture process, and further the problem of drug use is caused, and the turbot culture industry is seriously injured due to two turbot drug residue events in 2006 and 2015. Therefore, the development of an aquatic green feed immunopotentiator for improving the immunity of turbot is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition which is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002639895440000011
preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002639895440000021
further, the Chinese medicinal composition is a water decoction prepared from codonopsis pilosula, bighead atractylodes rhizome, poria cocos, prepared rehmannia root, liquorice, hawthorn, gallnut, gardenia and ginger, and each 5mL of the water decoction is equivalent to 1g of Chinese herbal medicines.
Further, the preparation method of the water decoction is as follows: weighing the raw materials, placing into a stainless steel pot, mixing uniformly step by step, adding distilled water, soaking at normal temperature for 20-40min, boiling for 40-60min, filtering the decoction, pouring out, and concentrating until the water decoction per 5mL is equivalent to 1g of Chinese herbal medicine to obtain the Chinese medicinal composition.
The invention also provides turbot feed prepared from the traditional Chinese medicine composition and the basic feed, wherein the weight part ratio of the basic feed to the traditional Chinese medicine composition is 100: 0.1-3.5.
Preferably, the weight part ratio of the basic feed to the traditional Chinese medicine composition is 100: 0.5-2.
Preferably, the weight part ratio of the basic feed to the traditional Chinese medicine composition is 100: 1.
Further, the basic feed mainly comprises fish meal, chicken meal and alpha-starch.
Further, the basic feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002639895440000022
further, the basic feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002639895440000023
Figure BDA0002639895440000031
the premix is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002639895440000032
preferably, the preparation method of the turbot feed comprises the following steps: adding the Chinese medicinal composition into basal feed, and mixing to obtain soft granule feed with diameter of 2-6 mm.
The diameter of the soft granules can be adjusted according to the size of the fish, the length is 2-6mm, the humidity is 10% -30%, and water can be added according to the dry and wet conditions of the feed in the preparation process.
The invention also provides application of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in preparation of turbot feed.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition provided by the invention can be used as turbot feed after being mixed with base feed, the specific growth rate of turbot is obviously improved after the turbot is fed for 40 days, the feed coefficient is reduced, the fullness and spleen index are obviously improved, and the non-specific immunity of turbot is enhanced by improving the content of turbot plasma complement C3 and the lysozyme activity.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples; the following examples are illustrative, not limiting, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention; the equipment used in the invention is the equipment commonly used in the field if no special provisions are made; the methods used in the present invention are those commonly used in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002639895440000041
the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials, placing into a stainless steel pot, mixing uniformly step by step, adding 2400g of distilled water, soaking at normal temperature for 30min, boiling for 50min, filtering and pouring out the medicinal liquid, and concentrating until each 5mL of water decoction is equivalent to 1g of Chinese herbal medicines to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a turbot feed comprising 100g of the traditional Chinese medicine composition of embodiment 1 and 10000g of a basal feed;
wherein, the ingredients and the dosage of the basic feed are shown in the table 1.
Table 1 raw materials and amounts of basal feed.
Figure BDA0002639895440000042
Figure BDA0002639895440000051
The nutritional composition of the basal feed is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 nutritional composition of basal feeds
Figure BDA0002639895440000052
The premix is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002639895440000053
the components in the premix are purchased from Hebei Haitai science and technology Co., Ltd;
the preparation method of the turbot feed comprises the following steps: adding 100g of the water decoction into 10000g of basal feed, mixing uniformly, making into soft pellet feed with diameter of 3.0mm, length of 3.0mm and humidity of 30%, and storing in a refrigerator at-20 deg.C for use;
the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials used in all embodiments of the invention are purchased from big drugstores of kanrentang of Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a turbot feed, which comprises 200g of a traditional Chinese medicine composition and 10000g of a base feed;
the ingredients and amounts of the basal feed were the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the turbot feed comprises the following steps: adding 200g water decoction into 10000g basal feed, mixing, making into soft granule feed with diameter of 3.0mm, length of 3.0mm and humidity of 30%, and storing in refrigerator at-20 deg.C for use.
Comparative example 1
The present control provides a turbot feed having the same components and amounts as those of the base feed of example 2.
Comparative example 2
The control example provides a turbot feed, which comprises 400g of the traditional Chinese medicine composition and 10000g of basal feed;
the ingredients and amounts of the basal feed were the same as in example 1.
The preparation method of the turbot feed in the comparative example comprises the following steps: adding 400g of the water decoction into 10000g of basal feed, mixing uniformly, making into soft pellet feed with diameter of 3.0mm, length of 3.0mm and humidity of 30%, and storing in a refrigerator at-20 deg.C for use.
Test examples
1. Domestication and feed feeding:
the experimental turbot is purchased from Tianjin Shengyi aquatic products Co., Ltd, domestication is carried out for 14 days before the beginning of the formal experiment, and during the domestication period, the basic feed is fed after being fed twice (8:00 o 'clock and 18:00 o' clock) each day, and the components and the dosage of the basic feed are the same as those of the basic feed in the example 1. After the acclimatization is finished, fasting for 24h is carried out, and weighing and random grouping are carried out. 1140 turbot juvenile fishes (22.01 +/-0.01 g) with uniform size and healthy physique are randomly placed into 12 cuboid glass fiber jars (2 m in length, 1.2m in width and 1m in height), the 12 cuboid glass fiber jars are divided into four groups, each group comprises 3 cuboid glass fiber jars, and 95 fish are arranged in each cuboid glass fiber jar.
The culture water is sand filtered natural seawater, and the water is changed 2 times a day, wherein the volume of the water is 1/2 each time. The illumination adopts natural illumination to supplement the artificial illumination of the incandescent lamp, the illumination intensity is 120lux, and the light cycle is 14L/10D. Feeding was done at 8:00 and 18:00 days for satiety. And collecting residual baits after feeding for 30min, drying and weighing to correct the food intake. The sufficient dissolved oxygen is ensured during the test, and the water quality conditions are as follows: dissolved oxygen is more than 6.0mg/L, salinity is 25-28 per mill, water temperature is 15-18 ℃, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.05 mg/L.
After the domestication for 14 days, each group of the juvenile turbot is fed for 40 days by using the feed of the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-2.
2. Influence of each group of feed on growth and feed utilization of turbot
Feeding the turbot in each group with corresponding feed for 40 days, then fasting the turbot in each group for 24 hours, weighing and recording the total mantissa and the total body weight of the turbot in each cylinder. Randomly selecting 5 fishes in each jar, weighing, measuring body length, and storing in a sealed bag at-20 deg.C in a refrigerator; respectively calculating the weight gain rate, the specific growth rate, the ingestion rate and the feed coefficient; the calculation method is as follows:
weight gain rate (WGR,%) 100 × (end weight-initial weight)/end weight;
specific growth rate (SGR,%/d) ═ 100 × (ln final body weight-ln initial body weight)/d;
feeding rate (FR,%/d) 100 × food intake/[ t × (final body weight + initial body weight)/2 ]; feed Factor (FCR) — food intake/(final weight-initial weight);
the experimental results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± s.d.), and single-factor analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) was performed on the experimental data using statistica10.0 software, with multiple comparisons of Duncan's if the difference is significant, with a significance level of P <0.05, and the experimental results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 growth and feed utilization test results for turbots fed by each group of feeds
Figure BDA0002639895440000081
Note: differences in the superscript letters after the values in the same column represent significant differences (P <0.05).
As can be seen from Table 3, the addition of 1% or 2% of the Chinese medicinal composition based on the basic feed has no significant effect on the feeding rate of the juvenile turbot (P is more than or equal to 0.05), but significantly affects the terminal weight, the weight gain rate, the specific growth rate and the feed coefficient of the turbot (P is less than 0.05). The final average weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the juvenile turbot of the group of example 1 are significantly higher than those of other groups (P <0.05), while the growth of the group of control example 2 is significantly lower than those of other groups (P <0.05). The feed factor of the example 1 group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P <0.05), with no significant difference between the other groups (P ≧ 0.05).
3. Influence of each group of feed on turbot body index
Feeding the turbots of each group for 40 days by using corresponding feed, fasting the turbots of each group for 24 hours, weighing and recording the total mantissa, the total body weight and the body length of the turbots in each jar, calculating the fullness, randomly taking 5 fishes in each jar for dissection, taking out a complete visceral mass, weighing and recording, then stripping the liver and the spleen from the visceral mass, and weighing to calculate indexes such as a visceral volume ratio, a liver volume ratio, a spleen index and the like, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
fullness (CF,%) 100 x body weight/length3；
Visceral body ratio (VSI,%) 100 × visceral mass weight/body weight;
liver body ratio (HSI,%) 100 × liver weight/body weight;
spleen index (SI,%) -100 × spleen weight/body weight;
the experimental results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± s.d.), and single-factor analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) was performed on the experimental data using statistica10.0 software, with multiple comparisons of Duncan's if the difference is significant, with a significance level of P <0.05, and the experimental results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 test results of Scophthalmus maximus body index fed by each group of feeds
Figure BDA0002639895440000091
Note: the difference of the superscript letters after the numerical value in the same column represents significant difference (P <0.05)
As can be seen from Table 4, the addition of 1% or 2% of the traditional Chinese medicine composition to the basal feed has no significant effect on the viscera ratio and the liver ratio, but significantly affects the fullness and spleen index of turbot, and shows a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of the addition level. The plumpness of the juvenile turbot of the 1 percent group is obviously higher than that of the control example 1 group and the control example 2 group (P <0.05), the spleen index of the example 1 group is obviously higher than that of other groups (P <0.05), and the other groups have no obvious difference (P is more than or equal to 0.05).
4. Influence of various feeds on nutritional composition of turbot fish body
Feeding each group with corresponding feed for 40d, fasting for 24h, randomly selecting 5 fish per jar, weighing, measuring body length, packaging in a sealed bag, and storing in-20 deg.C refrigerator for analyzing fish body nutrition composition; wherein, the water content of the feed and the fish body is measured by a direct drying method (GB/T6435) at 105 ℃. The crude protein is measured by adopting a Foss full-automatic Kjeltec 8420. Crude fat was measured by Soxhlet extraction (GB/T6433). The coarse ash was determined by muffle furnace firing (GB/T6438). The energy is measured by a Parr6200 full-automatic oxygen bomb calorimeter, the experimental result is expressed by mean value plus or minus standard deviation (mean plus or minus S.D.), the statistical 10.0 software is used for carrying out One-way variance analysis (One-way ANOVA) on the experimental data, if the difference is obvious, Duncan's multiple comparison is carried out, the obvious level is P <0.05, and the result is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 test results of body nutrient composition of turbot fed by each group of feeds
Figure BDA0002639895440000101
As can be seen from Table 5, the addition of 1% or 2% of the Chinese medicinal composition to the basal feed has no significant effect on the water content, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash content and energy of the juvenile turbot (P is more than or equal to 0.05).
5. Influence of each group of feed on nonspecific immunity index of turbot
Randomly taking 5 fish per jar, taking blood with injector tail vein rinsed with heparin sodium, centrifuging at 3000g for 15min to obtain blood plasma for nonspecific immunity index determination, and determining activity of plasma Lysozyme (LZM) by turbidimetry; determining the content of plasma immunoglobulin (IgM) and complement C3 by immunoturbidimetry; complement C3 activity assay: immunoturbidimetry. The indexes are all provided by a kit established by biotechnology research institute from Nanjing, the experimental results are expressed by mean values +/-standard deviation (mean +/-S.D.), single-factor analysis of variance (One-wayANOVA) is carried out on the experimental data by using Statistica10.0 software, if the differences are obvious, Duncan's multiple comparison is carried out, the obvious level is P <0.05, and the experimental results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 nonspecific immune index test results of turbot fed by each group of feeds.
Figure BDA0002639895440000111
As can be seen from Table 6, the addition of 1% or 2% of the Chinese medicinal composition to the basic feed significantly affected the contents of complement C3 and LZM in the plasma of the juvenile turbot (P <0.05), but did not significantly affect the IgM content (P ≧ 0.05), and the contents of complement C3 and LZM in the plasma of the juvenile turbot of example 1 were significantly higher than those of control 1-2 (P < 0.05); example 2 the plasma LZM content in the juvenile turbot is significantly higher than that in the control group 1 (P <0.05), while the complement C3 content is not significantly different from that in the control group (P is more than or equal to 0.05)
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0002639895430000011
2. the traditional Chinese medicine composition of claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0002639895430000012
3. the Chinese medicinal composition of claim 1, wherein the Chinese medicinal composition is a water decoction prepared from codonopsis pilosula, bighead atractylodes rhizome, poria cocos, prepared rehmannia root, liquorice, hawthorn, gallnut, gardenia and ginger, and each 5mL of the water decoction is equivalent to 1g of Chinese herbal medicines.
4. The traditional Chinese medicine composition of claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the water decoction is as follows: weighing the raw materials, placing into a stainless steel pot, mixing uniformly step by step, adding distilled water, soaking at normal temperature for 20-40min, boiling for 40-60min, filtering the decoction, pouring out, and concentrating until the water decoction per 5mL is equivalent to 1g of Chinese herbal medicine to obtain the Chinese medicinal composition.
5. A turbot feed prepared from the traditional Chinese medicine composition and the base feed of claims 1-4, wherein the weight part ratio of the base feed to the traditional Chinese medicine composition is 100: 0.1-3.5.
6. The turbot feed of claim 5, wherein said basal feed consists essentially of fish meal, chicken meal and alpha-starch.
7. The turbot feed according to claim 6, wherein the basal feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0002639895430000021
8. the turbot feed according to claim 7, wherein the basal feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0002639895430000022
the premix is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0002639895430000023
Figure FDA0002639895430000031
9. the turbot feed according to claim 1, wherein the turbot feed is prepared by a method comprising: adding the Chinese medicinal composition into basal feed, and mixing to obtain soft granule feed with diameter of 2-6 mm.
10. The use of the Chinese medicinal composition of claim 1 in the preparation of turbot feed.
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