CN111834901B - Multistage back-flushing arc extinguishing method and system - Google Patents
Multistage back-flushing arc extinguishing method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111834901B CN111834901B CN201910305817.2A CN201910305817A CN111834901B CN 111834901 B CN111834901 B CN 111834901B CN 201910305817 A CN201910305817 A CN 201910305817A CN 111834901 B CN111834901 B CN 111834901B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
- H01T1/08—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
- H01T1/08—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01T1/10—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid with extinguishing fluid evolved from solid material by heat of arc
Abstract
The invention discloses a multistage recoil arc extinguishing method and system, wherein the method comprises the steps of introducing an outer arc into a multistage recoil arc extinguishing system; the inlet electric arc rapidly enters the back-flushing pipe, rushes to the lightning receptor and generates elastic collision, so that the direction of the electric arc is converted by 180 degrees to form an outlet electric arc, and the outlet electric arc leaves the back-flushing pipe; the outlet electric arc leaves the back-flushing pipe under the back-flushing action, the energy in the back-flushing pipe is weakened, the inlet electric arc is blocked, an electric arc large-scale fracture is formed at the inlet of the back-flushing pipe, the continuity of the electric arc is damaged, and the extinguishing of the electric arc is accelerated; the outlet electric arc after backflushing acts on the outer electric arc at the inlet of the backflushing pipe to form a cavity effect, and the truncation of the outer electric arc is accelerated. The invention can be applied to the front end of the lightning protection arc extinguishing device, can effectively improve the safety capability of the lightning protection arc extinguishing device and the power system, and reduces the probability of short circuit of the power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of arc striking and arc extinguishing, and particularly relates to a multistage back-flushing arc extinguishing method and system.
Background
The state in which a substance exists corresponds to a certain amount of binding energy, and a solid state is generally called a first state, a liquid state is called a second state, and a gaseous state is called a third state. When the average kinetic energy of the particles is larger than the ionization energy, the electrons in the bound state moving on the track can be separated from atoms or molecules to be called free electrons, and thus, a fourth state of matter, namely plasma, is formed.
Plasma refers to ionized gaseous matter that exists as a separate species with three basic properties: (1) and (4) conductivity. Because free electrons and ions with positive and negative charges exist, the plasma has strong conductivity; (2) the electricity is quasi-neutral. Although there are many charged particles inside the plasma, on a sufficiently small spatial and temporal scale, the number of positive charges carried by the particles is always equal to the number of negative charges, called quasi-neutrality. (3) Availability to magnetic fields. Because the plasma is a conductive body composed of charged particles, the magnetic field can be used to control characteristics such as its position, shape, and motion.
The plasma can be divided into high temperature plasma (particle temperature 106-108K) and low temperature plasma (particle temperature from room temperature to 3 × 10)4K) In that respect The low temperature plasma can be classified into thermal plasma (heavy particle temperature 3 × 10) according to the temperature level of heavy particles3—3×104K) And cold plasma (heavy particle temperature is only around room temperature, electron temperature can reach ten thousand degrees). The thermal plasma is substantially in thermodynamic equilibrium and therefore has a uniform thermodynamic temperature, wherein the arc plasma belongs to the thermal plasma.
Since the temperature of particles in the arc plasma is high and close to a local thermodynamic equilibrium state, and electrons, ions and neutral particles have the same characteristic temperature, the arc plasma state can be described by a uniform thermodynamic temperature like a common gas. Therefore, the state and parameters of the arc plasma can be determined by applying Maxwell velocity distribution, Boltzmann particle energy state probability distribution, the Saha equation and the like.
Recent studies have shown that the arcing phenomenon is essentially a complex of electrophysics and thermophysics, and in many cases, the thermophysics plays a decisive role. And studying the thermodynamic state, flow state and physical process of the arc plasma is crucial to extinguishing the arc.
At present, lightning stroke accidents in areas such as overhead power transmission and distribution lines, transformer substations, power plants and the like are frequent, and accidents caused by lightning strokes bring great challenges to the safety, stability and reliability of power systems, and bring great influences to national economic development and the living standard of people. The power equipment comprises circuit breaker arc extinguishing, lightning protection device arc extinguishing and the like, wherein SF6 gas commonly used in circuit breaker arc extinguishing is used as arc extinguishing gas, and the lightning protection device arc extinguishing comprises solid arc extinguishing and gas arc extinguishing. The applicant and the related inventors have conducted a great deal of research thereon and have obtained a series of research results. For example, patent application numbers CN201210371579.3, CN 201310276758.3, CN 201510069010.5, CN 201510069615.4, CN 201710735970 and X. However, the applicant and the related inventors still continuously find new problems and new research directions in the continuous research process and the practical application of the product.
The solid arc extinguishing mainly utilizes a nonlinear resistor to extinguish the arc, and has the following defects: (1) there is a conflict between residual voltage and arc extinguishing voltage: the smaller the minimum value of the nonlinear resistor is, the lower the residual voltage is, which is beneficial to limiting the overvoltage amplitude at two ends of the protection equipment, but the arc extinguishing capability is weak. The residual voltage is high, although the arc extinguishing capability is enhanced, the amplitude of overvoltage applied to two ends of the protection equipment after the lightning arrester acts is increased, and high requirements are provided for insulation, so that the arc extinguishing benefit and the lightning protection benefit of the solid arc extinguishing lightning arrester cannot be achieved at the same time; (2) there is a conflict between heat generation and dissipation: the working process of the nonlinear resistor is that when the lightning overvoltage exceeds an action value, the resistance value of the resistor is changed from an original high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, and according to ohm's law I = U/R, huge lightning current flows through the nonlinear resistor to generate huge joule heat. In addition, the damp-proof sealing environment seriously influences a heat dissipation channel, so that thermal breakdown is a large probability event, and once the nonlinear resistance resistor is thermally broken down, the nonlinear resistance resistor becomes a permanent short circuit; (3) there is a contradiction that the action interval is much less than the heat dissipation time: generally, the interval time of the nonlinear resistor heat dissipation is between 50 seconds and 60 seconds, and in a serious case, the lightning protection device is broken down due to the fact that the nonlinear resistor cannot dissipate heat in time, and a short circuit event is caused.
Gas arc extinction is the process of extinguishing an arc by applying a gas to the arc, also known as arc blowing. The gas arc extinction includes external energy type gas arc extinction and internal energy type gas arc extinction. The internal energy type gas arc extinguishing is characterized in that self energy of thunder or power frequency is utilized to act on electric arcs, the internal energy type gas arc extinguishing is mainly divided into thermal expansion arc extinguishing and compression arc extinguishing, the thermal expansion arc extinguishing is mainly realized by designing a plurality of metal electrodes in a lightning protection device, small air gaps are formed between every two electrodes, after the electric arcs puncture the small air gaps, gas in the small air gaps is baked and heated by utilizing power frequency follow current energy, the gas is enabled to generate thermal expansion and act on the electric arcs to realize transverse blowing, and the electric arcs are extinguished when the power frequency follow current zero-crossing points. The compression arc extinguishing is that a plurality of compression pipelines are arranged in the lightning protection device, a metal electrode is arranged in the compression pipeline, after impact electric arc enters the compression pipeline, the electric arc is compressed in a large scale, an electric arc voltage explosion effect is formed at the outlet of a nozzle by utilizing the difference of internal pressure and external pressure and the temperature difference, and jet air flow is generated to act on the arc fracture to realize longitudinal blowing. And a three-way pipe is additionally arranged between every two compressed pipes, and metal electrodes are arranged at two ends of the three-way pipe to generate transverse jet gas to act on the electric arc after the electric arc is impacted to enter the three-way pipe, so that transverse blowing is realized. The longitudinal blowing and the transverse blowing are combined with each other, and the space structure design between the compression pipeline and the three-way pipeline is adopted, so that the electric arc is subjected to multi-breakpoint pressure explosion and is sprayed, and the electric arc is extinguished at the stage of impacting the electric arc or at the early stage of power-frequency follow current.
Because the arc motion trail is carried out according to the same direction in the arc-extinguishing lightning protection device, the whole energy of the arc flows through the gas arc-extinguishing lightning protection device along the motion trail, and the problem of limited current capacity exists at the moment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multistage recoil arc extinguishing method and system aiming at the defects in the prior art. The invention provides a new arc extinguishing concept, and forms an effective arc extinguishing method and system, and the arc extinguishing method and system can be applied to the action front ends of various arc extinguishing lightning protection devices, so that the defects of the arc extinguishing lightning protection devices are effectively overcome.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multistage recoil arc extinguishing method comprises the following steps:
step one, a multi-stage back-flushing arc extinguishing system is arranged on a power transmission line which is easy to generate lightning stroke or arc flashover;
the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system mainly comprises a plurality of recoil pipes which are sequentially connected together, wherein the tail end of each recoil pipe is hermetically provided with a lightning arrester, and the joint of every two adjacent recoil pipes is provided with a gap through hole; the head end of the first recoil pipe is provided with an opening;
step two, when the electric arc flashover occurs, the outer electric arc is introduced into the first backflushing tube of the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of the lightning arrester in the first backflushing tube;
the electric arc entering the first backflushing tube is called an inlet electric arc I (the direction of the electric arc is a positive direction), and the diameter of an arc column of the inlet electric arc I is limited by the wall of the first backflushing tube in the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system and is subjected to the perfusion effect of the narrow tube; the inlet electric arc I which is poured by the narrow pipe has the advantages that the diameter of an arc column is reduced, so that the conductive cross section area of the whole electric arc is reduced, the electric arc density is increased, the central temperature of the electric arc is increased, the speed is increased, and the pressure in a first recoil pipe in a multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is increased rapidly; the inlet electric arc I rapidly enters a first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, so that the electric arc is subjected to the perfusion action of the narrow pipe, is radially thinned and generates elastic force with larger axial force, and rushes to a lightning receptor in the first recoil pipe and generates elastic collision, so that the electric arc direction of most of the inlet electric arc I is converted by 180 degrees, an outlet electric arc I (the electric arc direction is a negative direction) is formed, and an outlet path is rushed out from the inlet of the first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system and leaves the first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system; the rest small part of the inlet electric arc I is introduced into a second recoil pipe of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of a lightning arrester in the second recoil pipe;
the arc entering the second backflushing tube is called an inlet arc II, and the diameter of an arc column of the inlet arc II is limited by the wall of the second backflushing tube in the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system and is subjected to the perfusion effect of the narrow tube; the diameter of the arc column of the inlet arc II filled by the narrow pipe is reduced, so that the conductive cross-sectional area of the whole arc is reduced, the density of the arc is increased, the temperature of the center of the arc is increased, the speed is increased, and the pressure in a second recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is increased rapidly; the inlet electric arc II rapidly enters a second back-flushing pipe in the multistage back-flushing arc-extinguishing system, so that the electric arc is subjected to the filling effect of the narrow pipe, is radially thinned and generates elastic force with larger axial force, and is flushed to a lightning receptor in the second back-flushing pipe and elastically collides, so that the electric arc direction of most of the inlet electric arc II is converted by 180 degrees, an outlet electric arc II is formed, and an outlet path is flushed from a gap through hole between the first back-flushing pipe and the second back-flushing pipe in the multistage back-flushing arc-extinguishing system and leaves the second back-flushing pipe in the multistage back-flushing arc-extinguishing system; the rest small part of inlet electric arc II is introduced into a third backflushing pipe of the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of a lightning arrester in the third backflushing pipe;
the arc entering the third backflushing tube is called inlet arc III, and the diameter of an arc column of the inlet arc III is limited by the wall of the third backflushing tube in the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system and is subjected to the perfusion effect of the narrow tube; the inlet electric arc III poured by the narrow pipe reduces the diameter of the arc column, so that the conductive cross section area of the whole electric arc is reduced, the electric arc density is increased, the central temperature of the electric arc is increased, the speed is increased, and the pressure in a third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is increased rapidly; the inlet arc III rapidly enters a third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, so that the arc is subjected to the perfusion action of the narrow pipe, is radially thinned and generates elastic force with larger axial force, and rushes to a lightning receptor in the third recoil pipe and generates elastic collision, so that the arc direction of most of the inlet arc III is converted by 180 degrees, an outlet arc III is formed, and an outlet path is rushed out from a gap through hole between the second recoil pipe and the third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system and leaves the third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system; the rest small part of inlet electric arc III is introduced into a fourth recoil pipe of the multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of a lightning arrester in the third recoil pipe;
by parity of reasoning, the subsequent recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system repeats the arc extinguishing process of the previous recoil pipe until the electric arc is weakened to be extinguished, or the electric arc is rushed out from the last recoil pipe after being weakened extremely and is blown out by a compressed air flow arc extinguishing device or a solid-phase gas-ball arc extinguishing device additionally arranged at the tail part of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system.
As a further illustration and optimization of the present invention, the lightning receptor in the multistage back-flushing arc extinguishing system is conical and the cone angle is directed to the inside of the next back-flushing pipe. The gap through holes at the connection positions of every two adjacent backflushing pipes extend outwards along the conical surface of the lightning receptor. The conical surface of the conical lightning receptor can more easily realize the impact recoil of the electric arc, and the conical surface can more easily realize the introduction of the rest electric arc into the next recoil pipe; meanwhile, the gap through hole extends outwards along the conical surface of the lightning arrester and is inclined, so that the multistage back-flushing arc-extinguishing system can be flushed out by electric arc back-flushing more conveniently.
As further explanation and optimization of the invention, an arc striking ring is arranged at an opening at the head end of a first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, and the outer side wall of the arc striking ring is clung to the inner wall of the recoil pipe. The arc striking ring positioned at the joint of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system and the external air plays a role in attracting electric arcs and collecting large electric arcs to enter the device, so that electric arc plasma smoothly enters the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, and the fact that remote external electric arcs can also be led into the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system can be guaranteed.
As a further illustration of the present invention, the inner diameter of each recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is the same.
As further explanation and optimization of the invention, the inner diameter of the former recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is larger than that of the latter recoil pipe. The inner cavity of each recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is trumpet-shaped, namely the inner diameter of the head end of each recoil pipe is larger than that of the tail end of each recoil pipe. The lightning receptor is arranged at the tail end with the small inner diameter. The arc extinguishing method adopting the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system with gradually reduced inner diameter can also be called as an arc extinguishing method with multistage variable recoil ratio, the recoil ratio refers to the ratio of the initial arc diameter to the recoil channel perfusion arc diameter, and the variable recoil ratio is called as the variable recoil ratio because the ratio of the initial arc diameter to the recoil channel perfusion arc diameter in each stage of recoil section is different. The gradual reduction of the inner diameter allows even the weakened arc to be subjected to the effect of throat perfusion in the subsequent back-flushing pipe, resulting in an effective impact back-flushing effect.
The invention also provides a multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, which mainly comprises a plurality of recoil pipes which are sequentially connected together, wherein the tail end of each recoil pipe is hermetically provided with a lightning arrester, and the joint of every two adjacent recoil pipes is provided with a gap through hole; the head end of the first recoil pipe is provided with an opening.
In the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, a first recoil pipe is a semi-closed pipe fitting with a hollow interior, an opening at one end and a closed other end, a second recoil pipe and the recoil pipes behind the second recoil pipe are hollow interiors, a plurality of air nozzles (gap through holes) are arranged between one end of the second recoil pipe and the recoil pipe at the previous stage, and the other end of the second recoil pipe is closed by a lightning arrester.
As a further explanation and optimization of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, the lightning receptor in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is conical, and the cone angle points to the inside of the next recoil tube. The gap through holes at the connection positions of every two adjacent backflushing pipes extend outwards along the conical surface of the lightning receptor.
As further explanation and optimization of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, an arc striking ring is arranged at an opening at the head end of a first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, and the outer side wall of the arc striking ring is tightly attached to the inner wall of the recoil pipe.
As a further explanation of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system of the present invention, the inner diameter of each recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is the same.
As the further optimization of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, the inner diameter of the former recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is larger than that of the latter recoil pipe. The inner cavity of each recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is trumpet-shaped, namely the inner diameter of the head end of each recoil pipe is larger than that of the tail end of each recoil pipe. The lightning receptor is arranged at the tail end with the small inner diameter. The multistage recoil arc extinguishing system formed by the recoil pipes with the gradually reduced inner diameters can also be called a multistage variable recoil ratio arc extinguishing system.
As further explanation and optimization of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, a plurality of skirt edges are arranged on the outer wall of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system.
As further explanation and optimization of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, a compressed air flow arc extinguishing device or a solid-phase gas-pellet arc extinguishing device is further arranged at the tail of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system.
In the invention, the pipe wall of the recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is made of a high-strength, high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant non-conductive material. The high-strength, high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant non-conductive material can be selected from, but is not limited to, the following materials: alloy ceramics, rare earth ceramics, graphene-ceramic composite materials, organic ceramics, synthetic silicone rubber, organic insulating materials, alloy glass, rare earth glass, graphene glass and organic glass. The lightning receptor, the arc striking ring and the like in the multi-stage back-flushing arc extinguishing system are made of conductive materials, such as copper, aluminum, iron, silver, graphite and the like.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, each recoil pipe is provided with a narrow pipe perfusion channel, which is the only channel for electric arcs to enter the device system. A variety of physical changes occur during perfusion.
1. The arc is elastically deformed. When the electric arc enters the inlet of each stage of the back-flushing section, the physical shape is changed firstly, the coarse electric arc is changed into the ultrafine electric arc, the radial pressure is changed into the axial pressure, and the spraying speed is accelerated during the back-flushing of the electric arc due to the back-flushing effect of the narrow tube.
2. The arc temperature rise effect is exacerbated. After the electric arc is thinned, the cross-sectional area of the electric arc is reduced according to the formula
The arc resistance will increase substantially. Because the lightning arc is often used as a constant current source in practical experience work according to a formula
It is known that although the impact time is only a few microseconds, the overall energy increases and the packing temperature in the recoil tube increases. The arc is blocked, heat is generated only, and heat dissipation is avoided, so that blocking temperature rise can be generated, and the temperature in the tube is continuously increased.
3. The pressure explosion effect increases sharply. When the temperature is gradually increased, the accumulation of the electric arc is increased, the pressure explosion effect is further aggravated, and the electric arc spraying strength is larger.
The principle of the present invention is different from the structure and principle of the "arcing horn device (patent application No. CN 200810178607.3)" in the prior art as follows:
1) the arc extinction has no time lag effect. In the arcing horn system, arc jet gas is discharged by lightning flashover, and this process requires a conductive component such as a metal component generated by melting and vaporization or an ion component in a plasmatized gas, and the component is in a floating state in the air, thereby reducing the insulating ability in the air and easily causing arc displacement, and the arc jet gas is discharged at the arc displacement position to interrupt the arc. Obviously, in the process of arc flashover, melting and vaporizing of the conductive material and ejection of arc jet, a time lag effect exists, namely, the energy of the arc jet ejected by the arcing horn device is smaller than that of the lightning flashover arc. The narrow tube perfusion effect provided by the patent makes full use of the elastic deformation of the arc plasma, the physical shape of the arc plasma is changed when the arc plasma enters the inlet of the recoil pipe, the coarse arc is changed into the ultrafine arc, the radial pressure is converted into the axial pressure, and the ejection speed is accelerated during the electric arc recoil due to the narrow tube recoil effect.
2) The arc extinction threshold is high. Because the arc extinguishing cylinder and the gas generating device of the arcing horn device are made of polyamide resin (also named nylon), the temperature of the arc extinguishing cylinder and the gas generating device can be about 500 ℃, and the value of the arc extinguishing cylinder and the gas generating device is far less than the arc burning temperature (the maximum value is 3726.85 ℃). Therefore, the arc extinguishing cylinder and the gas generating device are very susceptible to high temperature and finally burst. The patent proposes that the material is made of non-conductive materials with high strength, high temperature resistance and high pressure resistance, such as alloy ceramics, rare earth ceramics, graphene-ceramic composite materials, organic ceramics, synthetic silicone rubber, organic insulating materials, alloy glass, rare earth glass, graphene glass and organic glass, and is combined with novel materials
3) No high-temperature baking gas generation mode exists. The arcing horn acts on the arc by spraying arc jet and blows the arc in the gap. The sprayed arc jet needs high-temperature baking to generate gas, which seriously results in loss of gas generating materials and obviously reduces the service life of the device. The patent proposes the plasma narrow tube perfusion effect: the radial displacement of the electric arc entering the recoil pipe is changed into axial expansion by utilizing the fluidity of the electric arc plasma; the bottom of the back punch pipe is subjected to geometric elastic deformation, and pressure superposition, temperature superposition and density superposition effects formed by the inlet electric arc and the outlet electric arc enable the pressure in the back punch block to be multiplied at the highest speed, the follow-up energy of the electric arc is damaged, and the continuity of the electric arc is blocked. Therefore, a high-temperature baking gas generation mode does not exist, the loss of the patent material is ensured, and the service life is long.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention can improve the safety of the lightning protection device because it is realized by blocking the injection of the electric arc.
2. The safety of the power system is improved; the improvement of the arc extinguishing capability of the device reduces the probability of short circuit of the power system, all flashover points can be effectively stopped before various natural disturbances occur, the flashover points are eliminated before the power system is subjected to malignant mutation, and the cost performance of lightning protection is improved.
3. The maintenance cost is low and the efficiency is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic working flow diagram of a multistage recoil arc extinguishing method in the invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the operation of an arc entering a first (same inner diameter) kick-pipe in one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the operation of an arc between two back-flushing pipes (of the same internal diameter) in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage structure of a multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system (with the same inner diameter) according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 5 is a schematic representation of the operation of another embodiment of the present invention in which the arc enters the first back-flush tube (flared inner diameter).
Figure 6 is a schematic view of the operation of an arc between two back-flushing pipes (flared inside diameters) in another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage structure of a multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system (trumpet-shaped inner diameter) according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system (with a trumpet-shaped inner diameter and a skirt) according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-backflushing pipe, 2-lightning arrester, 3-gap through hole, 4-arc striking ring and 5-skirt edge.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
a multistage recoil arc extinguishing system mainly comprises a plurality of recoil pipes which are sequentially connected together, wherein the tail end of each recoil pipe is hermetically provided with a lightning receptor, and the joint of every two adjacent recoil pipes is provided with a gap through hole; the head end of the first recoil pipe is provided with an opening.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the lightning receptor in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system of the present embodiment is conical and the cone angle is directed to the inside of the next recoil pipe. The gap through holes at the connection positions of every two adjacent backflushing pipes extend outwards along the conical surface of the lightning receptor. An arc striking ring is arranged at an opening at the head end of a first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, and the outer side wall of the arc striking ring is tightly attached to the inner wall of the recoil pipe. The inner diameter of each recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is the same.
Example 2:
a multistage recoil arc extinguishing system mainly comprises a plurality of recoil pipes which are sequentially connected together, wherein the tail end of each recoil pipe is hermetically provided with a lightning receptor, and the joint of every two adjacent recoil pipes is provided with a gap through hole; the head end of the first recoil pipe is provided with an opening.
As shown in fig. 5-7, the lightning receptor in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system of the present embodiment is conical and the cone angle is directed toward the inside of the next recoil pipe. The gap through holes at the connection positions of every two adjacent backflushing pipes extend outwards along the conical surface of the lightning receptor. An arc striking ring is arranged at an opening at the head end of a first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, and the outer side wall of the arc striking ring is tightly attached to the inner wall of the recoil pipe. The inner diameter of the former recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is larger than that of the latter recoil pipe. The inner cavity of each recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is trumpet-shaped, namely the inner diameter of the head end of each recoil pipe is larger than that of the tail end of each recoil pipe. The lightning receptor is arranged at the tail end with the small inner diameter.
Example 3:
this example differs from example 2 only in that: as shown in fig. 8, the outer wall of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is provided with a plurality of skirts.
Example 4:
this example differs from example 1 only in that: the outer wall of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is provided with a plurality of skirt edges.
Example 5:
a multistage recoil arc extinguishing system mainly comprises a plurality of recoil pipes which are sequentially connected together, wherein the tail end of each recoil pipe is hermetically provided with a lightning receptor, and the joint of every two adjacent recoil pipes is provided with a gap through hole; the head end of the first recoil pipe is provided with an opening.
The lightning receptor in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system of the embodiment adopts a conductive ball. The gap through holes at the connection positions of every two adjacent backflushing pipes extend outwards along the surface of the ball of the lightning receptor.
Example 6:
this example differs from example 5 only in that: an arc striking ring is arranged at an opening at the head end of a first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, and the outer side wall of the arc striking ring is tightly attached to the inner wall of the recoil pipe.
The arc extinguishing method using the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system of the above embodiments 1 to 6 includes the steps of:
step one, a multi-stage back-flushing arc extinguishing system is arranged on a power transmission line which is easy to generate lightning stroke or arc flashover;
the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system mainly comprises a plurality of recoil pipes which are sequentially connected together, wherein the tail end of each recoil pipe is hermetically provided with a lightning arrester, and the joint of every two adjacent recoil pipes is provided with a gap through hole; the head end of the first recoil pipe is provided with an opening;
step two, when the electric arc flashover occurs, the outer electric arc is introduced into the first backflushing tube of the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of the lightning arrester in the first backflushing tube;
the electric arc entering the first backflushing tube is called an inlet electric arc I (the direction of the electric arc is a positive direction), and the diameter of an arc column of the inlet electric arc I is limited by the wall of the first backflushing tube in the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system and is subjected to the perfusion effect of the narrow tube; the inlet electric arc I which is poured by the narrow pipe has the advantages that the diameter of an arc column is reduced, so that the conductive cross section area of the whole electric arc is reduced, the electric arc density is increased, the central temperature of the electric arc is increased, the speed is increased, and the pressure in a first recoil pipe in a multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is increased rapidly; the inlet electric arc I rapidly enters a first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, so that the electric arc is subjected to the perfusion action of the narrow pipe, is radially thinned and generates elastic force with larger axial force, and rushes to a lightning receptor in the first recoil pipe and generates elastic collision, so that the electric arc direction of most of the inlet electric arc I is converted by 180 degrees, an outlet electric arc I (the electric arc direction is a negative direction) is formed, and an outlet path is rushed out from the inlet of the first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system and leaves the first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system; the rest small part of the inlet electric arc I is introduced into a second recoil pipe of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of a lightning arrester in the second recoil pipe;
the arc entering the second backflushing tube is called an inlet arc II, and the diameter of an arc column of the inlet arc II is limited by the wall of the second backflushing tube in the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system and is subjected to the perfusion effect of the narrow tube; the diameter of the arc column of the inlet arc II filled by the narrow pipe is reduced, so that the conductive cross-sectional area of the whole arc is reduced, the density of the arc is increased, the temperature of the center of the arc is increased, the speed is increased, and the pressure in a second recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is increased rapidly; the inlet electric arc II rapidly enters a second back-flushing pipe in the multistage back-flushing arc-extinguishing system, so that the electric arc is subjected to the filling effect of the narrow pipe, is radially thinned and generates elastic force with larger axial force, and is flushed to a lightning receptor in the second back-flushing pipe and elastically collides, so that the electric arc direction of most of the inlet electric arc II is converted by 180 degrees, an outlet electric arc II is formed, and an outlet path is flushed from a gap through hole between the first back-flushing pipe and the second back-flushing pipe in the multistage back-flushing arc-extinguishing system and leaves the second back-flushing pipe in the multistage back-flushing arc-extinguishing system; the rest small part of inlet electric arc II is introduced into a third backflushing pipe of the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of a lightning arrester in the third backflushing pipe;
the arc entering the third backflushing tube is called inlet arc III, and the diameter of an arc column of the inlet arc III is limited by the wall of the third backflushing tube in the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system and is subjected to the perfusion effect of the narrow tube; the inlet electric arc III poured by the narrow pipe reduces the diameter of the arc column, so that the conductive cross section area of the whole electric arc is reduced, the electric arc density is increased, the central temperature of the electric arc is increased, the speed is increased, and the pressure in a third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is increased rapidly; the inlet arc III rapidly enters a third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, so that the arc is subjected to the perfusion action of the narrow pipe, is radially thinned and generates elastic force with larger axial force, and rushes to a lightning receptor in the third recoil pipe and generates elastic collision, so that the arc direction of most of the inlet arc III is converted by 180 degrees, an outlet arc III is formed, and an outlet path is rushed out from a gap through hole between the second recoil pipe and the third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system and leaves the third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system; the rest small part of inlet electric arc III is introduced into a fourth recoil pipe of the multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of a lightning arrester in the third recoil pipe;
by parity of reasoning, the subsequent recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system repeats the arc extinguishing process of the previous recoil pipe until the electric arc is weakened to be extinguished, or the electric arc is rushed out from the last recoil pipe after being weakened extremely and is blown out by a compressed air flow arc extinguishing device or a solid-phase gas-ball arc extinguishing device additionally arranged at the tail part of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system.
The arc enters a thin tube perfusion recoil arc extinguishing system to realize the principle analysis of the arc extinguishing process:
as shown in fig. 2, 3, 5, and 6, the dashed line represents the outlet arc, the solid line represents the inlet arc, the dashed frame represents the inner arc, and the dashed frame represents the outer arc. Wherein the velocity of the outer arc at the inlet can be defined as v0Pressure of p0Secret (secret)Degree is rho0At a temperature of T0. The speed v of the inlet arc formed after the outer arc enters the recoil module1Pressure of p1Density is rho1At a temperature of T1. Outlet arc velocity v after passing through arc striking module2Pressure of p2Density is rho2At a temperature of T2. The outer arc enters the back-flushing pipe through the inlet to form an inner arc, the inner arc is limited by the wall of the back-flushing pipe, the diameter of the inner arc is mechanically compressed by a large scale, and the temperature, the density, the pressure and the speed of the inner arc are all increased. Irrespective of the arc energy loss and friction effects, v is considered to be the moment when the inlet arc passes the receptor to achieve elastic collision1=-v2I.e. the inlet arc velocity is equal to the outlet velocity and opposite. Considering the energy loss and friction of the arc, after the inlet arc collides with the lightning receptor, considering | v2∣＜∣v1-i.e. the outlet velocity is smaller in magnitude and opposite in direction to the inlet velocity. The outlet arc is impeded by the inlet arc, the outlet arc having a smaller diameter than the inlet arc, so that the outlet arc has a greater density, temperature and pressure than the inlet arc, i.e. p2＞ρ1，T2＞T1，p2＞p1These co-act to make v2Acceleration greater than v1Increase in speed, i.e. a2＞a1. As the outlet arc diameter is continuously compressed, the outlet arc density, temperature and pressure are continuously increased, finally forming v2＞v1Causing the outlet arc to rush out of the recoil tube from the inlet. After the outlet electric arc rushes out of the back-flushing pipe, a cavity effect is formed on the outer electric arc, the continuity of the electric arc is damaged, the energy of the electric arc is weakened, and the cutting and extinguishing of the electric arc are accelerated.
Claims (16)
1. A multistage recoil arc extinguishing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, a multi-stage back-flushing arc extinguishing system is arranged on a power transmission line which is easy to generate lightning stroke or arc flashover;
the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system mainly comprises a plurality of recoil pipes which are sequentially connected together, wherein the tail end of each recoil pipe is hermetically provided with a lightning arrester, and the joint of every two adjacent recoil pipes is provided with a gap through hole; the head end of the first recoil pipe is provided with an opening;
step two, when the electric arc flashover occurs, the outer electric arc is introduced into the first backflushing tube of the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of the lightning arrester in the first backflushing tube;
the arc entering the first backflushing tube is called an inlet arc I, and the diameter of an arc column of the inlet arc I is limited by the wall of the first backflushing tube in the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system and is subjected to the perfusion effect of the narrow tube; the inlet electric arc I which is poured by the narrow pipe has the advantages that the diameter of an arc column is reduced, so that the conductive cross section area of the whole electric arc is reduced, the electric arc density is increased, the central temperature of the electric arc is increased, the speed is increased, and the pressure in a first recoil pipe in a multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is increased rapidly; the inlet electric arc I rapidly enters a first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, so that the electric arc is subjected to the perfusion action of the narrow pipe, is radially thinned and generates elastic force with larger axial force, and rushes to a lightning receptor in the first recoil pipe and generates elastic collision, so that the electric arc direction of most of the inlet electric arc I is converted by 180 degrees to form an outlet electric arc I, and an outlet path is rushed out from the inlet of the first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system and leaves the first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system; the rest small part of the inlet electric arc I is introduced into a second recoil pipe of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of a lightning arrester in the second recoil pipe;
the arc entering the second backflushing tube is called an inlet arc II, and the diameter of an arc column of the inlet arc II is limited by the wall of the second backflushing tube in the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system and is subjected to the perfusion effect of the narrow tube; the diameter of the arc column of the inlet arc II filled by the narrow pipe is reduced, so that the conductive cross-sectional area of the whole arc is reduced, the density of the arc is increased, the temperature of the center of the arc is increased, the speed is increased, and the pressure in a second recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is increased rapidly; the inlet electric arc II rapidly enters a second back-flushing pipe in the multistage back-flushing arc-extinguishing system, so that the electric arc is subjected to the filling effect of the narrow pipe, is radially thinned and generates elastic force with larger axial force, and is flushed to a lightning receptor in the second back-flushing pipe and elastically collides, so that the electric arc direction of most of the inlet electric arc II is converted by 180 degrees, an outlet electric arc II is formed, and an outlet path is flushed from a gap through hole between the first back-flushing pipe and the second back-flushing pipe in the multistage back-flushing arc-extinguishing system and leaves the second back-flushing pipe in the multistage back-flushing arc-extinguishing system; the rest small part of inlet electric arc II is introduced into a third backflushing pipe of the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of a lightning arrester in the third backflushing pipe;
the arc entering the third backflushing tube is called inlet arc III, and the diameter of an arc column of the inlet arc III is limited by the wall of the third backflushing tube in the multistage backflushing arc extinguishing system and is subjected to the perfusion effect of the narrow tube; the inlet electric arc III poured by the narrow pipe reduces the diameter of the arc column, so that the conductive cross section area of the whole electric arc is reduced, the electric arc density is increased, the central temperature of the electric arc is increased, the speed is increased, and the pressure in a third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is increased rapidly; the inlet arc III rapidly enters a third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, so that the arc is subjected to the perfusion action of the narrow pipe, is radially thinned and generates elastic force with larger axial force, and rushes to a lightning receptor in the third recoil pipe and generates elastic collision, so that the arc direction of most of the inlet arc III is converted by 180 degrees, an outlet arc III is formed, and an outlet path is rushed out from a gap through hole between the second recoil pipe and the third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system and leaves the third recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system; the rest small part of inlet electric arc III is introduced into a fourth recoil pipe of the multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system under the coulomb force action of a lightning arrester in the third recoil pipe;
by parity of reasoning, the subsequent recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system repeats the arc extinguishing process of the previous recoil pipe until the electric arc is weakened to be extinguished, or the electric arc is rushed out from the last recoil pipe after being weakened extremely and is blown out by a compressed air flow arc extinguishing device or a solid-phase gas-ball arc extinguishing device additionally arranged at the tail part of the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lightning receptor of the multi-stage reactive arc extinguishing system is conical and the cone angle is directed to the interior of the next reactive arc extinguishing system.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the interstitial through holes at the junction of two adjacent back-flushing pipes extend outward along the conical surface of the lightning receptor.
4. The multistage recoil arc extinguishing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an arc striking ring is arranged at an opening at the head end of a first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, and the outer side wall of the arc striking ring is tightly attached to the inner wall of the recoil pipe.
5. A method of multi-stage back-flushing arc extinguishing according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the inside diameter of each back-flushing pipe in the multi-stage back-flushing arc extinguishing system is the same.
6. A multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inner diameter of the former recoil pipe is larger than that of the latter recoil pipe in the multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system.
7. A multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inner cavity of each recoil pipe in the multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system is trumpet-shaped, that is, the inner diameter of the head end of each recoil pipe is larger than that of the tail end of each recoil pipe.
8. A multistage recoil arc extinguishing system is characterized in that: the device mainly comprises a plurality of back flushing pipes which are sequentially connected together, wherein the tail end of each back flushing pipe is hermetically provided with a lightning arrester, and the joint of every two adjacent back flushing pipes is provided with a gap through hole; the head end of the first recoil pipe is provided with an opening.
9. The multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system of claim 8, wherein the lightning receptor in the multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system is conical and the cone angle is directed to the inside of the next recoil tube.
10. The multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system of claim 9, wherein the interstitial through-holes at the junction of two adjacent recoil tubes extend outwardly along the conical surface of the lightning receptor.
11. The multistage recoil arc extinguishing system of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein an arc striking ring is arranged at an opening at the head end of a first recoil pipe in the multistage recoil arc extinguishing system, and the outer side wall of the arc striking ring is closely attached to the inner wall of the recoil pipe.
12. The multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein each of the recoil tubes in the multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system has the same inner diameter.
13. The multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein an inner diameter of a previous recoil tube in the multi-stage recoil arc extinguishing system is larger than an inner diameter of a subsequent recoil tube.
14. The multi-stage reactive arc extinguishing system according to claim 13, wherein the tube inner cavity of each recoil pipe in the multi-stage reactive arc extinguishing system is flared, i.e. the head end inner diameter of the recoil pipe is larger than the tail end inner diameter.
15. The multi-stage reactive arc extinguishing system according to claim 8, wherein the outer wall of the multi-stage reactive arc extinguishing system is provided with a plurality of skirts.
16. The multi-stage reactive arc extinguishing system according to claim 8, wherein a compressed air arc extinguishing device or a solid-phase gas-pellet arc extinguishing device is further arranged at the tail of the multi-stage reactive arc extinguishing system.
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| CN107546575A (en) * | 2017-09-10 | 2018-01-05 | 王巨丰 | One kind is vertical to blow a coulomb force compresses and draws thunder arc extinguishing ball and double-ball type arcing horn |
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