CN111805687B - 3D printing forming device and method for ceramic matrix composite - Google Patents

3D printing forming device and method for ceramic matrix composite Download PDF

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CN111805687B
CN111805687B CN202010645690.1A CN202010645690A CN111805687B CN 111805687 B CN111805687 B CN 111805687B CN 202010645690 A CN202010645690 A CN 202010645690A CN 111805687 B CN111805687 B CN 111805687B
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fiber
base material
spray head
forming
continuous fiber
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CN111805687A (en
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熊志伟
廖文和
张凯
刘婷婷
邹志永
闫志隆
陈丹
顾明飞
陈香媛
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a 3D printing and forming device for a ceramic matrix composite, which comprises a rack, a fiber spinning system, a material spreading system, a curing and forming system and a control unit, wherein the fiber spinning system is arranged on the rack; the fiber spinning system comprises a fiber polymer material box, a fiber spray head, a slide block, an X-Y plane movement mechanism and a high-voltage power supply; a high-voltage power supply applies a high-voltage electric field between the fiber spray head and the forming platform, so that the continuous fiber material in the fiber polymer material box is paved on the forming platform through the fiber spray head by adopting an electrostatic spinning technology; the material spreading system comprises a base material box and a base material spray head which are connected with each other; and the base material in the base material box is paved on the forming platform through the base material spray head and wraps the continuous fiber material which is paved in advance. The invention realizes the photocuring molding of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material by utilizing the cooperative work of the electrostatic spinning nozzle and the liquid resin nozzle, so that the continuous fiber and the matrix material are generated by in-situ conversion in the molding process, and the invention has the characteristics of simple equipment, high material design freedom and the like.

Description

3D printing forming device and method for ceramic matrix composite
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing and forming of continuous fiber reinforced composite materials, in particular to a 3D printing and forming device and a printing and forming method of a ceramic matrix composite material combined with an electrostatic spinning technology.
Background
The continuous fiber as reinforcing phase can raise the mechanical performance of the composite material obviously, and the common matrix material includes polymer material and ceramic material. The traditional preparation method of the continuous fiber reinforced polymer composite material mainly comprises continuous fiber dipping and compression molding, and the preparation method of the continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material mainly comprises modes of chemical vapor infiltration, deposition molding and the like. These molding methods cannot produce a product having a complicated shape, and have a low degree of freedom in molding.
The additive manufacturing technology provides possibility for the preparation of complex-shaped workpieces, the additive manufacturing technology aiming at continuous fiber reinforced composite materials at present mainly focuses on additive manufacturing of fiber reinforced polymers, the material is compounded by mainly using a melt material to coat commercial continuous fiber filaments, the design freedom of the material is low, and the bonding strength of the fibers and a matrix is weak.
The invention with the patent number of CN108858660A provides a device and a method for manufacturing a continuous fiber toughened ceramic matrix composite material additive, which digitally controls the internal structure of a ceramic material, regularly embeds long fibers into the ceramic matrix through the alternate work of a scraper, a fiber extrusion head and a substrate, greatly improves the internal structure of the ceramic material, and improves the precision and the forming rate of a product. The invention needs to level the high-viscosity fluid ceramic composite material in the material forming area by a scraper, and the bonding strength of the fiber and the matrix is not high.
The invention with the patent number CN108372658A provides a preparation method of continuous fiber reinforced composite materials and parts based on a high-energy beam selective melting forming technology. The method is characterized in that a powder bed-based high-energy beam selective melting forming technology is adopted, continuous fibers and matrix powder are arranged in a layered mode, the melting point of the continuous fibers is higher than that of the matrix powder, appropriate high-energy beam processing parameters are set, and the fact that the high-energy beams can melt the matrix powder but do not melt the continuous fibers is guaranteed. The high-energy beam melts the matrix powder in a region-by-region mode layer by layer according to a planned path, so that the matrix and the continuous fibers are tightly combined, and finally, the highly automatic, flexible and fine preparation of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material and the parts is realized. However, in order to prevent the composite material from being oxidized in the preparation process, the preparation process needs to be carried out in a vacuum or inert gas protection environment; meanwhile, two layers of matrix powder layers need to be laid, the control precision of the continuous fiber layer is not high, and the design freedom degree is low.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new apparatus and method for 3D printing and forming of ceramic matrix composite, which can improve the bonding strength between the fiber and the matrix, and improve the control precision and design freedom of the whole printing and forming process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for 3D printing and forming of a ceramic matrix composite, which realize photocuring forming of a continuous fiber reinforced composite by utilizing the cooperative work of an electrostatic spinning nozzle and a liquid resin nozzle, enable continuous fibers and a matrix material to be generated by in-situ conversion in the forming process, and have the characteristics of simple equipment, high material design freedom and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A3D printing and forming device for ceramic matrix composite materials comprises a rack, a fiber spinning system, a material spreading system, a curing and forming system and a control unit;
the solidification molding system comprises a laser scanning mechanism, a molding platform, a molding cylinder and a Z-axis lifting mechanism; the laser scanning mechanism is positioned above the forming platform; the forming platform is arranged at the top of the forming cylinder, is connected with the Z-axis lifting mechanism and can do intermittent Z-axis up-and-down linear motion along with the Z-axis lifting mechanism;
the fiber spinning system comprises a fiber polymer material box, a fiber spray head, a sliding block, an X-Y plane movement mechanism and a high-voltage power supply; the polymer material box and the fiber spray head are mutually connected and are fixed on a sliding block, and the sliding block is arranged on the X-Y plane motion mechanism and can slide along the X direction; the high-voltage power supply is electrically connected with the control unit and used for applying a high-voltage electric field between the fiber spray nozzle and the forming platform according to a control instruction of the control unit so that the continuous fiber material in the fiber polymer material box is laid on the forming platform through the fiber spray nozzle by adopting an electrostatic spinning technology;
the material spreading system comprises a base material box and a base material spray head which are connected with each other; the base material box and the base material nozzle are both arranged on the slide block and adjacent to the polymer box; the control unit is connected with the base material spray head, and by controlling the material feeding amount, the base material in the base material box is paved on the forming platform through the base material spray head and wraps the continuous fiber material which is paved in advance;
the X-Y plane motion mechanism, the high-voltage power supply, the laser scanning mechanism, the forming cylinder and the Z-axis lifting mechanism are all arranged on the rack; the control unit is respectively controlled by a control circuit: (1) the device comprises a fiber spray head, a base material spray head, a high-voltage power supply, a lifting path of a forming platform, a laser scanning mechanism, a fiber spray head and a base material spray head, a continuous fiber material and base material extrusion speed, a high-voltage power supply, a scanning solidification path of the laser scanning mechanism, and a control system.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
furthermore, the extrusion of the materials in the polymer material box and the base material box is driven by compressed air or mechanical transmission.
Further, the light source wavelength range of the laser scanning mechanism is 350-460 nm.
Based on the ceramic matrix composite 3D printing forming device, the invention also provides a printing forming method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, importing the three-dimensional model of the part to be prepared into slicing software, and setting processing parameters including layering thickness, fiber filling rate and scanning rate to obtain layering data of the three-dimensional model of the part and corresponding slicing data;
s2, zeroing the forming platform, setting i to be 1, and setting the total layer number of the three-dimensional model of the part to be n;
s3, retrieving the hierarchical data of the ith hierarchy;
s4, driving a high-voltage power supply to apply a high-voltage electric field between the fiber spray head and the forming platform, and simultaneously driving the fiber spray head to move above the forming platform according to the currently adjusted layered data by the X-Y plane movement mechanism, so that the continuous fiber material in the fiber polymer material box generates nano continuous fibers under the action of the electric field and is laid on the forming platform to form a continuous fiber layer, wherein the thickness of the continuous fiber layer is not more than 3/4 of the current layered thickness; the continuous fiber material comprises a high-molecular continuous fiber material or a ceramic fiber material;
s5, driving the X-Y plane movement mechanism to drive the base material spray head to move on the forming platform according to the currently-called slice data, and simultaneously controlling the material feeding amount by the control unit to enable the base material in the base material box to be uniformly laid on the forming platform through the base material spray head according to the corresponding slice data to form a base layer wrapping the continuous fiber layer pre-laid in the step S2, wherein the thickness of the base layer is the slice thickness;
s6, driving a laser scanning mechanism to scan the light-cured base material according to the currently-retrieved hierarchical data, so that the base material is converted from a liquid state to a solid state, and simultaneously bonding the pre-laid continuous fibers in the base material to finish the curing molding of the single-layer fiber reinforced composite material;
s7, the substrate descends by a distance of a layering thickness, i is i +1, and the steps S3-S6 are repeated until i reaches n +1, and finally the continuous fiber reinforced composite material product is obtained;
s8, carrying out post-treatment on the continuous fiber reinforced composite material part to obtain the continuous fiber reinforced polymer part or the ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material.
Further, in step S1, the layered thickness is 20-300 um.
Further, in step S4, the continuous fiber layer is laid to a thickness of 20-200 um.
Further, in step S8, the post-processing of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material product includes the following steps:
and sequentially performing cleaning, degreasing and sintering processes on the continuous fiber reinforced composite material part, wherein the degreasing temperature is not higher than 800 ℃, the temperature rise rate in the degreasing process is 0.1-1 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1000-1800 ℃, the continuous fiber precursor is converted into continuous ceramic fibers after sintering, the ceramic precursor is converted into a ceramic matrix, and finally the continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the continuous fibers are synthesized in the process of manufacturing the part, the supported continuous fibers are various, and the content of the continuous fibers in the matrix is flexible and adjustable.
(2) The continuous fiber and the matrix material are changed from solid-liquid combination into solid-solid combination, and the combination of the fiber and the matrix material is good.
(3) The types of base materials supported are many.
(4) The light curing molding precision is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ceramic matrix composite 3D printing and forming apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a fiber and matrix material nozzle.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the process of preparing a fiber reinforced composite layer by lamination and addition.
Fig. 4 is a process flow diagram of a printing and molding method provided by the invention.
In the figure: 1-a laser scanning mechanism; 2-fiber polymer material box; 3-a matrix material magazine; 4-a matrix material spray head; 5-a high voltage power supply; 6-a wire; 7-forming a cylinder; 8-Z-axis lifting mechanism; 9-a slide rail; a 10-X-Y plane motion mechanism; 11-fiber spray head; 12-a forming table; 13-a matrix portion of the shaped part; 14-electrostatically spinning fibers; 15-sliding block.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. used in the present invention are for clarity of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not limited by the technical contents of the essential changes.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ceramic matrix composite 3D printing and forming device provided by the invention, and the device comprises a rack, a fiber spinning system, a material spreading system, a curing and forming system and a control unit.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the fiber spinning system comprises a fiber polymer material box 2, a fiber spray nozzle 11, a slide block 15, an X-Y plane motion mechanism 10 and a high-voltage power supply 5; the polymer material box 2 and the fiber spray head 11 are both fixed on a sliding block 15, the sliding block 15 is installed on an X-Y plane motion mechanism 10 and can slide along the X direction, the X-Y plane motion mechanism is installed on a sliding rail 9, and the relative sliding of the sliding block 15 can be realized through linear motion mechanisms such as a synchronous belt, a lead screw sliding rail and the like.
The material spreading system and the fiber spinning system are both fixedly mounted on the sliding block 15, the material spreading system comprises a base material box 3 and a base material spray head 4, and the base material spray head is made of ceramic materials so as to reduce abrasion of ceramic particles in the ceramic base material to the spray head. Preferably, the extrusion of the material in the polymer material box and the base material box is driven by compressed air or mechanical transmission.
The curing and forming system comprises a laser scanning mechanism 1, a forming platform 12, a forming cylinder 7 and a Z-axis lifting mechanism 8; the laser scanning mechanism 1 is positioned above the forming platform 12, and the forming platform 12 is arranged at the top of the forming cylinder 7 and can do intermittent Z-axis up-and-down linear motion along with the Z-axis lifting mechanism 8. Preferably, the light source wavelength range of the laser scanning mechanism is 350-460 nm.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 4 is a process flow diagram of a printing and molding method provided by the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
1) slicing in layers: and importing the STL file of the three-dimensional model of the part to be prepared into slicing software, setting parameters such as layering thickness, fiber filling rate, scanning rate and the like to obtain slicing data of the model, and importing the data into a computer connected with a control unit. For example, the layering thickness is preferably 20-300um, the fiber filling rate is lower than 50 vol%, the scanning speed is preferably 200-2000mm/s, and the like, wherein the parameters are combined with the working allowable parameters of the 3D printing and forming device and the processing parameter setting of the part.
2) Preparing and laying continuous fibers: and (3) zeroing the forming platform, applying a high-voltage electric field between the fiber spray head and the forming platform by a high-voltage power supply, simultaneously driving the fiber spray head to move above the forming platform according to layered data by an X-Y plane movement mechanism, and generating and laying nano continuous fibers on the forming platform under the action of the electric field, wherein the thickness of the nano continuous fibers is not more than 3/4 of the layered thickness.
3) Laying a base material: the X-Y plane movement mechanism drives the matrix material spray head to move on the forming platform according to the slice data, and meanwhile, the control unit accurately controls the material feeding amount, so that the matrix material is uniformly laid on the forming platform according to the slice data, and the pre-laid continuous fiber material is wrapped by the matrix material, wherein the thickness of the matrix material is the slice thickness.
4) Curing and molding the single-layer fiber reinforced composite material: the laser scanning mechanism scans the light-cured base material according to the layered data under the control of a computer program, so that the base material is converted from a liquid state to a solid state, and simultaneously, the pre-laid continuous fibers are bonded in the base material, and the curing molding of the single-layer fiber reinforced composite material is completed.
5) Layer-by-layer accumulation: and (3) repeating the operations of the steps 2) -4) after the substrate descends for a layered thickness distance, and finally obtaining the continuous fiber reinforced composite material part.
6) Performing post-treatment on the preform: and carrying out post-treatment on the continuous fiber reinforced polymer composite material or the continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composite material to obtain a continuous fiber reinforced polymer part or a ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material. The continuous fibers comprise polymeric continuous fibers or ceramic fibers.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
Modeling in three-dimensional software such as SolidWorks/ProE and the like, storing the three-dimensional software as an STL format file, importing the file into slicing software, setting the layered thickness to be 20-300 mu m, setting the fiber filling rate to be lower than 50 vol%, setting the scanning rate to be 200-2000mm/s, and importing the sliced file into an equipment control computer after obtaining a machine control instruction. The computer firstly controls the forming platform 12 to return to the zero position of the top of the equipment, then the high-voltage power supply 5 is switched on, the voltage difference is obtained between the fiber spreading spray head 11 and the forming platform 12, the continuous fibers begin to be extruded from the fiber spreading spray head 11, and the X-Y plane movement mechanism 10 acts at the same time, so that the continuous fibers are laid on the forming platform 12 according to the layering parameters; after the filament is laid, the X-Y plane movement mechanism 10 continues to act, meanwhile, the high-voltage power supply 5 is turned off, the matrix material spray head 4 begins to extrude matrix materials which are common photosensitive resin materials, photosensitive resin materials doped with ceramic particles or ceramic photosensitive precursors, after the matrix materials are laid, the X-Y plane movement mechanism 10 returns to zero to prevent interference, then the laser scanning mechanism scans and solidifies the matrix photosensitive materials according to layered data to complete printing and forming of one layer, then the forming platform 12 descends by a distance of one layer thickness, the actions are repeated to realize printing and forming of continuous fiber reinforced composite green bodies, then a post-treatment process is carried out according to the type of the formed parts, and the post-treatment process of the continuous fiber reinforced polymer composite materials only needs to be cleaned and dried; the continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material needs to be subjected to cleaning, drying, degreasing and sintering post-treatment processes, wherein the degreasing temperature is not higher than 800 ℃, the temperature rise rate in the degreasing process is 0.1-1 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1000-1800 ℃, the continuous fiber precursor is converted into continuous ceramic fibers after sintering, the ceramic precursor is converted into a ceramic matrix, and the continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material is finally obtained.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. The 3D printing and forming device for the ceramic matrix composite is characterized by comprising a rack, a fiber spinning system, a material spreading system, a curing and forming system and a control unit;
the solidification molding system comprises a laser scanning mechanism, a molding platform, a molding cylinder and a Z-axis lifting mechanism; the laser scanning mechanism is positioned above the forming platform; the forming platform is arranged at the top of the forming cylinder, is connected with the Z-axis lifting mechanism and can do intermittent Z-axis up-and-down linear motion along with the Z-axis lifting mechanism;
the fiber spinning system comprises a fiber polymer material box, a fiber spray head, a sliding block, an X-Y plane movement mechanism and a high-voltage power supply; the polymer material box and the fiber spray head are mutually connected and are fixed on a sliding block, and the sliding block is arranged on the X-Y plane motion mechanism and can slide along the X direction; the high-voltage power supply is electrically connected with the control unit and used for applying a high-voltage electric field between the fiber spray nozzle and the forming platform according to a control instruction of the control unit so that the continuous fiber material in the fiber polymer material box is laid on the forming platform through the fiber spray nozzle by adopting an electrostatic spinning technology;
the material spreading system comprises a base material box and a base material spray head which are connected with each other; the base material box and the base material nozzle are both arranged on the slide block and adjacent to the polymer box; the control unit is connected with the base material spray head, and by controlling the material feeding amount, the base material in the base material box is paved on the forming platform through the base material spray head and wraps the continuous fiber material which is paved in advance;
the extrusion of the materials in the polymer material box and the base material box is driven by compressed air or mechanical transmission;
the X-Y plane motion mechanism, the high-voltage power supply, the laser scanning mechanism, the forming cylinder and the Z-axis lifting mechanism are all arranged on the rack; the control unit is respectively controlled by a control circuit: (1) the device comprises (1) a movement path of a fiber spray head and a base material spray head, (2) the extrusion speed of continuous fiber materials and base materials, (3) the supply amount of a high-voltage power supply, (3) a lifting path of a forming platform, and (5) a scanning solidification path of a laser scanning mechanism;
the light source wavelength range of the laser scanning mechanism is 350-460 nm.
2. The printing and forming method based on the ceramic matrix composite 3D printing and forming device of claim 1, characterized in that the printing and forming method comprises the following steps:
s1, importing the three-dimensional model of the part to be prepared into slicing software, and setting processing parameters including layering thickness, fiber filling rate and scanning rate to obtain layering data of the three-dimensional model of the part and corresponding slicing data;
the layering thickness is 20-300 um;
s2, zeroing the forming platform, setting i to be 1, and setting the total layer number of the three-dimensional model of the part to be n;
s3, retrieving the hierarchical data of the ith hierarchy;
s4, driving a high-voltage power supply to apply a high-voltage electric field between the fiber spray head and the forming platform, and simultaneously driving the fiber spray head to move above the forming platform according to the currently adjusted layered data by the X-Y plane movement mechanism, so that the continuous fiber material in the fiber polymer material box generates nano continuous fibers under the action of the electric field and is laid on the forming platform to form a continuous fiber layer, wherein the thickness of the continuous fiber layer is not more than 3/4 of the current layered thickness; the continuous fiber material comprises a high-molecular continuous fiber material or a ceramic fiber material;
the laying thickness of the continuous fiber layer is 20-200 um;
s5, driving the X-Y plane movement mechanism to drive the base material spray head to move on the forming platform according to the currently-called slice data, and simultaneously controlling the material feeding amount by the control unit to enable the base material in the base material box to be uniformly laid on the forming platform through the base material spray head according to the corresponding slice data to form a base layer wrapping the continuous fiber layer pre-laid in the step S2, wherein the thickness of the base layer is the slice thickness;
s6, driving a laser scanning mechanism to scan the light-cured base material according to the currently-retrieved hierarchical data, so that the base material is converted from a liquid state to a solid state, and simultaneously bonding the pre-laid continuous fibers in the base material to finish the curing molding of the single-layer fiber reinforced composite material;
s7, the substrate descends by a distance of a layering thickness, i is i +1, and the steps S3-S6 are repeated until i reaches n +1, and finally the continuous fiber reinforced composite material product is obtained;
s8, carrying out post-treatment on the continuous fiber reinforced composite material part to obtain the continuous fiber reinforced polymer part or the ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material.
3. The printing and forming method according to claim 2, wherein in step S8, the post-processing of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material piece comprises the following steps:
and sequentially performing cleaning, degreasing and sintering processes on the continuous fiber reinforced composite material part, wherein the degreasing temperature is not higher than 800 ℃, the temperature rise rate in the degreasing process is 0.1-1 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1000-1800 ℃, the continuous fiber precursor is converted into continuous ceramic fibers after sintering, the ceramic precursor is converted into a ceramic matrix, and finally the continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material is obtained.
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