CN104785780B - A kind of device and method for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength - Google Patents

A kind of device and method for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104785780B
CN104785780B CN201510219968.8A CN201510219968A CN104785780B CN 104785780 B CN104785780 B CN 104785780B CN 201510219968 A CN201510219968 A CN 201510219968A CN 104785780 B CN104785780 B CN 104785780B
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powder
quartz glass
glass panel
powdering
laser
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CN104785780A (en
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谭晶
迟百宏
阎华�
谢鹏程
焦志伟
丁玉梅
杨卫民
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of device and method for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength, device mainly includes laser cell, powdering unit, compressing unit and powder heating unit, one piece and the piston-shaped identical quartz glass panel of moulding cylinder are placed in parallel directly over shaping piston, quartz glass panel is realized with ball-screw by stepper motor and moved up and down, glass panel moves up certain distance after the completion of every layer of sintering, can pass through powdering roller, carry out powdering process next time, can not only laser be passed through with optical quartz glass panel but also can apply thrust powder compaction, it can avoid making the inside after sintering process hole influence product strength occur because there is stomata in powder, and improve products surface quality.The top surface of moulded products does not occur be bonded with quartz glass plate contact.Can also powdering be sintered rear quartz glass panel and suppress to moulded products surface cooled and solidified, then take out moulded products after removing quartz glass panel.

Description

A kind of device and method for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mechanism in a kind of rapid forming equipment, more particularly, to a kind of SLS selective laser sinterings 3D Mechanism and method in printing device.
Background technology
Rapid shaping technique (also known as RP technique, Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing, Abbreviation RPM), also referred to as 3D printing.The technology is according to the three-dimensional modeling data of object, by former to be successively superimposed Mode manufactures entity, and it can overcome the special construction obstacle that current tradition machinery processing can not be realized.It can realize arbitrarily complicated The simplification production of structure member.Existing 3D printing technique is broadly divided into, and fused glass pellet (FDM), selective laser burn Tie (SLS), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP).
For selective laser sintering (SLS), existing apparatus is achieved in that substantially:Selectively it is layered using laser Sintering solid powder, and its whole technical process of the cured layer required part of shape of superposition generation of sinter molding is included CAD The foundation and data processing of model, powdering, sintering and post processing etc..Whole process unit is made up of powder cylinder and moulding cylinder, Powder cylinder piston (powder feeding piston) rises during work, is uniformly spread powder on moulding cylinder piston (working piston) by powder-laying roller One layer.Computer controls the two-dimensional scan track of laser beam according to the hierarchical model of prototype, selectively sintering solid powder material Expect to form an aspect of part.Sintering is completed after one layer, and working piston declines a thickness, and powdering system is spread newly again Powder.Control laser beam scans the new layer of sintering again, so moves in circles, is layering, until 3 d part shaping.Finally, will not The Powder Recovery of sintering takes out molding part into powder cylinder.
At present, the dusty material of Selective Laser Sintering is loose, and surface is still after laser sintered Granular, and it is interior containing irregular hole, cause finished surface coarse, intensity is not enough, it is difficult to meet industrial requirements.So Need a kind of device for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength and surface quality.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to disadvantages mentioned above, designs a kind of device and compresses every layer of powder, eliminate the stomata in powder, makes in selection Property it is laser sintered during adhesion is stronger between powder, improve forming part bulk strength, make selective laser sintering part Intensity and surface quality meet industrial requirements.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of device for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength, main bag Laser cell, powdering unit, compressing unit and powder heating unit are included, laser cell mainly includes CO2Generating laser and sweep Retouch galvanometer;Powdering unit mainly includes powder, moulding cylinder, moulding cylinder piston, powder cylinder, powder cylinder piston, powdering roller, shaping Cylinder stepper motor and powder cylinder stepper motor, moulding cylinder are placed adjacent parallel with powder cylinder;Compressing unit includes control optics stone Compression stepper motor, leading screw and the optical quartz glass panel of English glass panel movement;Powder-laying roller is placed on moulding cylinder and powder Above cylinder, powder-laying roller scrapes powdering above moulding cylinder above powder cylinder, powder-laying roller one layer of powdering in moulding cylinder every time Thickness, optical quartz glass plate is located above moulding cylinder piston, the sectional dimension of optical quartz glass plate and cutting for moulding cylinder piston Face size is identical;Powder heating unit mainly includes resistance heater and thermocouple;Laser cell mainly includes CO2Laser emission Device and scanning galvanometer are located above optical quartz glass plate.
A kind of device for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength of the present invention, by microcomputer to printing Model is cut into slices, plans laser sintered path, and CO is controlled by computer program2Generating laser switchs turn with scanning galvanometer It is dynamic, laser beam is sintered on powder surface according to microcomputer path planning, and generating laser is closed after this layer terminates, Generating laser is opened when next layer of sintering starts.
A kind of device for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength of the present invention, before every layer prints, moulding cylinder Piston declines the height of a thickness, and powder cylinder piston rises the height of a thickness, and powdering roller is from powder cylinder to moulding cylinder It is mobile, uniformly it is paved with one layer of powder in moulding cylinder piston face.
A kind of device for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength of the present invention, it is parallel directly over shaping piston One piece and the piston-shaped identical quartz glass panel of moulding cylinder are placed, quartz glass panel is electric up and down through stepping is compressed Machine is realized with ball-screw.After powdering process terminates, glass panel is moved down, and makes to stop after powder bed deformation is a certain amount of Only, laser starts selective sintering process, due to CO2The laser that laser is sent is ultraviolet laser, and optical quartz glass is Best ultraviolet laser light transmissive material, so optical quartz glass panel does not interfere with laser sintered process.After the completion of sintering Glass panel moves up certain distance, can pass through powdering roller, carries out powdering process next time.
The present invention it is a kind of improve selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength device heating unit, including resistance plus Hot device and thermocouple.Under resistive heater heats powder temperature to fusing point, thermocouple keeps powder temperature constant.
It is using a kind of manufacturing process for the device for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength of the present invention:First Step, powdering is added in powder cylinder, is opened under resistive heater heats dusty material temperature to fusing point, is protected by thermocouple Hold powder temperature constant in setting value, moulding cylinder piston is moved up and quartz glass plate contact;Second step, adjusts moulding cylinder piston Decline a thickness, glass panel moves up certain distance, passes through powdering roller, above and below quartz glass panel It is moved through compressing stepper motor and ball-screw realization;3rd step, powder cylinder rise a thickness height, powdering roller from Powder cylinder is moved to moulding cylinder, and one layer of powder is uniformly paved with moulding cylinder piston face;4th step, glass panel is moved down, Stop after making powder bed deformation a certain amount of;5th step, CO2Generating laser starts selective sintering process, CO2Laser emission Device sends ultraviolet laser beam, and laser beam is scanned through vibration mirror reflected and is radiated at through quartz glass panel on moulding cylinder piston The rotational angle of powder bed surface scan galvanometer is by computer control, and three-dimensional modeling data is cut into slices by computer, path planning, Then laser is made to be radiated at powder surface, every layer of sintering knot according to computer institute path planning by controlling the rotation of scanning galvanometer Generating laser is closed after beam, generating laser is opened when next layer of sintering starts;Above-mentioned second step is repeated to the 5th step, directly Completed to last layer of powdering on moulding cylinder piston face, quartz glass panel lifts a small distance after powdering is compacted, Laser beam sintering is carried out again, and so far moulded products complete.In last layer of powdering sintering, because quartz glass panel does not have Have and contacted with powdering, the top surface of moulded products will not be due to occurring be bonded with quartz glass plate contact.Last The process of layer powdering can also repeat second step to the 5th step, and powdering is sintered rear quartz glass panel and suppressed to moulded products table Face cooled and solidified, then moulded products are taken out after removing quartz glass panel.
The present invention not only through laser but also can apply thrust powder compaction with optical quartz glass panel, can be with Avoid making the inside after sintering process hole influence product strength occur because there is stomata in powder, and improve product surface matter Amount.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of operating diagram for the device for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength of the present invention.
In figure:1-CO2Generating laser;2- scanning galvanometers;The compression stepper motor of 3- control optical quartz glass movements And leading screw;4- optical quartz glass panels;5- powder;6- moulded products;7- moulding cylinder pistons;8- powder cylinder pistons;9- powderings Roller;10- resistance heaters and thermocouple.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of device for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength, as shown in figure 1, by swashing Laser cell, powdering unit, compressing unit and powder heating unit composition;Laser cell mainly includes CO2The He of generating laser 1 Scanning galvanometer 2;Powdering unit mainly includes powder 5, moulding cylinder piston 7, powder cylinder piston 8 and powdering roller 9;Compressing unit bag Include the compression stepper motor (being not drawn into figure) and leading screw 3, optical quartz glass panel of control optical quartz glass panel movement 4;Heating unit includes resistance heater and thermocouple 10.
In a kind of device for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength of the present invention, CO2Generating laser 1 is sent Ultraviolet laser beam, laser beam is scanned through the powder layer surface that galvanometer 2 is reflexed on moulding cylinder piston 7;Scanning mirror shake 2 turn Dynamic to be controlled by computer, three-dimensional modeling data is cut into slices by computer, path planning, then by controlling turning for scanning galvanometer 2 It is dynamic laser beam is radiated at the surface of powder 5 according to computer institute path planning;Powder cylinder piston 8 rises the height of a thickness, Powdering roller 9 is moved from powder cylinder to moulding cylinder, and one layer of powder 5 is uniformly paved with the surface of moulding cylinder piston 7;In moulding cylinder piston One piece of optical quartz glass panel 4 is placed in parallel directly over 7, optical quartz glass panel 4 is electric up and down through stepping is compressed Machine is realized with leading screw 3.After powdering process terminates, optical quartz glass panel 4 is moved down, make powder bed deformation it is a certain amount of it After stop, optical quartz glass panel 4 moves up certain distance after the completion of laser starts selective sintering process, sintering, makes Powdering roller 9 can be passed through, and carry out powdering process next time;Under temperature to the fusing point of 10 heating powder of resistance heater 5, Thermocouple 10 keeps the temperature of powder 5 constant.
In a kind of device for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength of the present invention, optical quartz glass panel 4 That plane contacted with molded product 6 does release treatment, sticks antiadhesion barrier, or carries out the processing of the anti-stick coatings such as coating, or Spray antitack agent.Can also be after the sintering of powder 5, CO2Generating laser 1 is stopped intervals, makes the table of sintering There is certain cooling in face, then removes optical quartz glass panel 4.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of device for improving selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength, it is characterised in that:Mainly include laser cell, Powdering unit, compressing unit and powder heating unit, laser cell mainly include CO2Generating laser and scanning galvanometer;Powdering Unit mainly includes powder, moulding cylinder, moulding cylinder piston, powder cylinder, powder cylinder piston, powdering roller, moulding cylinder stepper motor With powder cylinder stepper motor, moulding cylinder is placed adjacent parallel with powder cylinder;Compressing unit includes control optical quartz glass panel Mobile compression stepper motor, leading screw and optical quartz glass panel;Powder-laying roller is placed on moulding cylinder and powder cylinder top, powdering Roller scrapes powdering above moulding cylinder above the powder cylinder, powder-laying roller one thickness of powdering, optical quartz in moulding cylinder every time Glass panel is located above moulding cylinder piston, the sectional dimension of optical quartz glass panel and the sectional dimension phase of moulding cylinder piston Together;Powder heating unit mainly includes resistance heater and thermocouple;Laser cell mainly includes CO2Generating laser and scanning Galvanometer is located above optical quartz glass panel.
2. the method for the device using a kind of raising selective laser sintering 3D printing part strength described in claim 1, its It is characterised by:The first step, powdering is added in powder cylinder, open resistive heater heats dusty material temperature to fusing point it Under, constant in setting value by thermocouple holding powder temperature, moulding cylinder piston is moved up and optical quartz glass plate contact;The Two steps, adjustment moulding cylinder piston declines a thickness, and optical quartz glass panel moves up certain distance, makes the powdering roller can To pass through, optical quartz glass panel is realized up and down through stepper motor and ball-screw;On 3rd step, powder cylinder The height of a thickness is risen, powdering roller is moved from powder cylinder to moulding cylinder, and one layer of powder is uniformly paved with moulding cylinder piston face End;4th step, optical quartz glass panel is moved down, and is stopped after making powder bed deformation a certain amount of;5th step, CO2Laser Transmitter starts selective sintering process, CO2Generating laser sends ultraviolet laser beam, and laser beam is scanned through vibration mirror reflected The rotational angle for the powder bed surface scan galvanometer being radiated at through optical quartz glass panel on moulding cylinder piston passes through computer Control, three-dimensional modeling data is cut into slices by computer, path planning, then by control the rotation of scanning galvanometer make laser according to Computer institute path planning is radiated at powder surface, every layer terminate after close generating laser, start in next layer of sintering When open generating laser;Above-mentioned second step is repeated to the 5th step, until last layer of powdering is on moulding cylinder piston face upper berth Good, optical quartz glass panel lifts a small distance after powdering is compacted, then carries out laser beam sintering, so far moulded products system Complete.
3. a kind of raising selective laser sintering 3D printing part described in use claim 1 according to claim 2 The method of the device of intensity, it is characterised in that:That plane that optical quartz glass panel is contacted with moulded products does anti-sticking place Reason.
4. a kind of raising selective laser sintering 3D printing part described in use claim 1 according to claim 2 The method of the device of intensity, it is characterised in that:That plane that optical quartz glass panel is contacted with moulded products is sticked anti-sticking Film.
5. a kind of raising selective laser sintering 3D printing part described in use claim 1 according to claim 2 The method of the device of intensity, it is characterised in that:That plane that optical quartz glass panel is contacted with moulded products carries out anti-sticking Coating treatment.
6. a kind of raising selective laser sintering 3D printing part described in use claim 1 according to claim 2 The method of the device of intensity, it is characterised in that:That plane spraying that optical quartz glass panel is contacted with moulded products is anti-sticking Agent.
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