CN104875394A - 3D part printing device and method - Google Patents
3D part printing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104875394A CN104875394A CN201510241028.9A CN201510241028A CN104875394A CN 104875394 A CN104875394 A CN 104875394A CN 201510241028 A CN201510241028 A CN 201510241028A CN 104875394 A CN104875394 A CN 104875394A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D part printing device and method. The device comprises a printing device, a laser, a laser transmitting device, a workbench and a control system, wherein the printing device is connected with and controlled by the control system to print multiple layers of sol-gel/nano particle ink two dimensional (2D) patterns on the work bench; the laser is connected with and controlled by the control system to emit laser; the laser transmitting device is connected with and controlled by the control system to change the propagation direction of laser; laser is used for sintering the 2D pattern after each layer of sol-gel/nano particle ink two dimensional (2D) pattern is completed, thus forming a 3D part. The 3D part printing device has the beneficial effect that the raw material is wide in selection range and can be any material, including metal, non-metal and polymer materials, as well as metal oxides, non-metal oxides and the like; the formed part can be in any shape and is unlikely to deform during formation; the sol-gel/nano particle ink has a relatively large specific area surface and is high in specific area and low in melting point; densification is realized during sintering and the defects of shrinkage and crack are avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to printing technique field, particularly relate to a kind of 3D device printing device and method.
Background technology
The major technique that current 3D prints comprises Stereolithography (Stereo Lithography Appearance, SLA), selective laser sintering (Selective Laser Sintering, SLS), laminated solid body processing (Laminated Object Manufacturing, LOM), fused glass pellet (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM), three dimensional printing (Three Dimension Printing, 3DP) etc.
Stereolithography (Stereo Lithography Appearance, SLA) forming process take photosensitive resin as raw material, surperficial to photo-curing material with the Laser Focusing of specific wavelength and intensity, make it by point to line, by line to face consecutive solidification, complete the drawing performance of an aspect, then travelling carriage moves the height of a synusia in the vertical direction, then solidifies another aspect.The formation that is layering like this 3D solid.The prototype that this method simple and direct, fully automatically can produce surface quality and dimensional accuracy is higher, geometry is more complicated.The shortcoming of Stereolithography is: along with physical and chemical changes in (1) forming process, product is more flexible, needs to support, otherwise product can be caused to be out of shape; (2) performance after liquid resin solidification is not as conventional industrial plastic, generally more crisp, easy fracture; (3) equipment operation and maintenance cost higher.Because the price of liquid resin material and laser instrument is higher, and in order to make optical element be in desirable duty, need to carry out regular adjustment and harsh tight spatial environment, its expense is also higher; (4) material category used is less.Material available is at present mainly photosensitive liquid resin material, and liquid resin has certain smell and toxicity, and needs lucifuge to protect; (5) under many circumstances, the prototype resin after rapid prototyping system photocuring, not completely by laser curing, for improving serviceability and the dimensional stability of model, needs regelate usually.
Selective laser sintering (Selective Laser Sintering, SLS) utilizes dusty material shaping.Material powder paving is sprinkled upon the upper surface of molded part, and strike off, on the new layer just spread, scan part section with the CO2 laser instrument of high strength, material powder is sintered together under the CO2 laser of high strength irradiates, obtain the cross section of part, and be connected with in type part below.After a layer cross section has sintered, spread new layer of material powder, selectively the lower layer cross section of sintering.Remove unnecessary powder after having sintered, then carry out polishing, the process such as oven dry obtains part.The feature of SLS technique is that material adaptation is wide, can not only manufacture plastic part, can also manufacture the part of the material such as pottery, wax, particularly can manufacture metal parts.SLS technique without the need to adding support because do not have the powder sintered to serve the effect of support.But SLS technology can only select metal and ceramic powders that the fusing point of special component is lower.Especially when preparing metal device, due to thermograde and thermal stress larger, surface of the work after final machine-shaping is more coarse, often there is the defects such as more pore, shrinkage cavity, crackle, strengthens the final treatment techniques also more complicated of mechanical performance itself.
Laminated solid body processing (Laminated Object Manufacturing, LOM) adopts sheeting, if paper, plastic sheeting etc. are raw material.Sheet surface applies last layer PUR in advance.Add man-hour, hot-pressing roller hot pressing sheet material, make it with in type workpiece is bonding below.On just bonding new layer, cut out part section profile and workpiece housing with laser instrument, and region internal cutting unnecessary between cross section profile and housing goes out the grid of consistency from top to bottom.After laser cutting completes, workbench drives in type workpiece to decline, and is separated with strip of sheet material.Feeding machanism rotates collecting shaft and feed axle, drives material strip to move, makes new layer move on to machining area.Work is closed and is raised to processing plane, hot-pressing roller hot pressing, and the number of plies of workpiece increases one deck, highly increases a material thick.Cutting section profile on new layer again.So repeatedly until all cross sections of part bonding, cut.Finally, remove the redundance of chopping, obtain the entity component of Layered manufacturing.LOM technique only need cut out the profile of part section on sheet material, and need not scan whole cross section.Therefore the speed of shaping thick-walled parts, is easy to manufacture heavy parts.There is not material phase transformation in technical process, therefore not easily cause buckling deformation.Excess stock work in-process between workpiece housing and cross section profile serves supporting role, so LOM technique is without the need to adding support.Shortcoming applies material constraints in the sheet material such as fibrous paper, plastic foil, and pre-process and post-process wastes time and energy, and can not manufacture hollow structural members.
The material of fused glass pellet (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM) is generally thermoplastic, as wax, ABS, nylon etc., with thread feed.Material is by heat fused in printhead, and printhead is along part section profile and fill orbiting motion, is extruded by the material of fusing, material quick solidification simultaneously, and with the condensation of materials of surrounding.Shortcoming is: the material constraints that (1) is selected is in wax, ABS, the nylon of low melting point; (2) there is obvious striped on the surface of profiled member; (3) strength ratio along shaping axle vertical direction is more weak; (4) design and fabrication supporting construction is needed; (5) need to carry out scanning coating to whole cross section, molding time is longer.
Three-dimensional printing art (Three Dimension Printing, 3DP) adopts forming material powder, as ceramic powders, metal dust.Difference is material powder is not by sintered bond, but by printhead with binding agent (as silica gel) by the cross section " printing " of part on material powder.Shortcoming is lower by the part strength that binding agent is bonding, and compactness is poor, also must post processing.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of 3D device printing device, described 3D device printing device comprises printing equipment, laser instrument, laser delivery apparatus, workbench, control system; Described printing equipment connects and is controlled by described control system, for printing some layers of collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme on described workbench; Described laser instrument connects and is controlled by control system, for sending laser; Described laser delivery apparatus connects and is controlled by described control system, for changing described laser propagation direction, laser is adopted to sinter described collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme after every one deck collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme completes.
Further, described control system comprises computer and console, and described console is connected with computer.
Further, described printing equipment comprises material feeding apparatus and printhead; Described material feeding apparatus connects and is controlled by described computer, for storing described collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink; Described printhead connects described material feeding apparatus and connection is controlled by described console, moves, for printing some layers of collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme on described workbench with console.
Further, described laser delivery apparatus comprises galvanometer system and focus lamp, and described galvanometer system comprises X galvanometer, Y galvanometer, and described X galvanometer and described Y galvanometer are according to the control signal adjustment deflection angle of control system, and focus lamp is used for focusing on laser.
Further, be provided with pressure sensor bottom described material feeding apparatus, described pressure sensor is connected with described control system for providing sensing signal to judge the surplus of collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink in described material feeding apparatus.
Further, described collosol and gel or nanometer particle ink raw material are metal, nonmetal, macromolecular material, metal oxide and nonmetal oxide material.
The present invention also provides a kind of 3D device Method of printing, comprises the following steps:
1) 3D device raw material are prepared into collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink;
2) according to shape and the performance requirement of 3D device, control system carries out three-dimensional modeling and 3-D graphic is divided into some layers of X-Y scheme, calculate the shape of 3D device on every one deck X-Y scheme, design printing path, simultaneously according to composition and the particle diameter of described nano particle Heisui River/collosol and gel, calculate laser sintered temperature and time; And
3) collosol and gel step 1) prepared/nanometer particle ink loads material feeding apparatus, printhead is under control of the control system according to step 2) printing path that obtains first carries out the printing of one deck collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme on the table, during printing, laser instrument sends laser, described laser sinters the region just printed under the guiding of laser delivery apparatus, and the material in collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink except the raw material of 3D device is volatilized; Sinter rear control system to control printhead moves the printing that predeterminable range carries out lower one deck collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme, and then adopted laser to sinter, successively superposed, final formation 3D device.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
(1) because arbitrary raw material can be prepared into collosol and gel/ink, nano particle so raw material range of choice is wide, the especially prior art oxide etc. that cannot be suitable for; (2) profiled member can have any shape, not yielding in forming process, also without the need to the pre-process and post-process operation of complexity; (3) collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink has large specific area (specific area refers to the gross area that unit mass material has), surface energy (tolerance destroyed intermolecular chemical bond when surface energy is and creates material surface) is high, fusing point is low, reduce sintering temperature, save the energy, and collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink particle diameter is little has again high interface energy, low-temperature sintering process can realize densified, avoid the defect such as shrinkage cavity, crackle, shaping aftershaping part smooth surface, good quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in technical scheme of the present invention, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained from these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of 3D device of the present invention printing device.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Described in reference diagram 1, described 3D device printing device comprises printing equipment 1, laser instrument 2, laser delivery apparatus 3, workbench 4, control system 5; Described printing equipment 1 connects and is controlled by described control system 5, for printing some layers of collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme on described workbench 4, the raw material of described 3D device is prepared into collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink in advance.Described laser instrument 2 connects and is controlled by control system 5, and for sending laser, the switch time, power, frequency, dutycycle etc. of laser instrument 2 control by described control system 5; Described laser delivery apparatus 3 connects and is controlled by described control system 5, for changing described laser propagation direction, adopt laser to sinter described collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme after every one deck collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme completes, form 3D device.
The beneficial effect of the technical program: compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is: (1) is because arbitrary raw material can be prepared into collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink, so raw material range of choice is wide, the especially prior art oxide etc. that cannot be suitable for; (2) profiled member can have any shape, not yielding in forming process, also without the need to the pre-process and post-process operation of complexity; (3) collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink has large specific area (specific area refers to the gross area that unit mass material has), surface energy (tolerance destroyed intermolecular chemical bond when surface energy is and creates material surface) is high, fusing point is low, reduce sintering temperature, save the energy, and collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink particle diameter is little has again high interface energy, low-temperature sintering process can realize densified, avoid the defect such as shrinkage cavity, crackle, shaping aftershaping part smooth surface, good quality.
In better embodiment, described control system 5 comprises computer 51 and console 52, and described console 52 is connected with computer 51.Described computer 51 sends control signal and controls described console 52 and move at three dimensions.
In better embodiment, described printing equipment 1 comprises material feeding apparatus 11, printhead 12; Described material feeding apparatus 11 connects and is controlled by described computer 51, and the openings of sizes of the discharge valve of described material feeding apparatus 11 and opening time control by computer 51.Described material feeding apparatus 11 is for storing described collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink; Described printhead 12 connects described material feeding apparatus 11 and connection is controlled by described console 52, described printhead 12 moves with console 52, namely mobile route is printing path, and described printhead 12 prints some layers of collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme according to printing path on described workbench 4.
In better embodiment, described laser delivery apparatus 3 comprises galvanometer system 31 and focus lamp 32, described galvanometer system 31 comprises X galvanometer 311, Y galvanometer 312, described X galvanometer 311 and described Y galvanometer 312, according to the control signal adjustment deflection angle of control system 5, are partial to the direction of propagation of Angulation changes laser by adjustment.Focus lamp 32 is for focusing on laser.
In better embodiment, be provided with pressure sensor 111 bottom described material feeding apparatus 11, described pressure sensor 111 is connected with described control system 5.Control system 5 can judge the surplus of collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink in described material feeding apparatus 11 according to the pressure signal that pressure sensor 111 gathers and show, but when surplus is not enough, reminding user adds in time.
In better embodiment, described collosol and gel or nanometer particle ink raw material are metal, nonmetal, macromolecular material, metal oxide and nonmetal oxide material, but being not limited thereto, can be any materials, because arbitrary raw material can be prepared into collosol and gel/ink.
Present invention also offers a kind of 3D device Method of printing, comprise the following steps:
1) 3D device raw material are prepared into collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink;
2) according to shape and the performance requirement of 3D device, control system 5 carries out three-dimensional modeling and 3-D graphic is divided into some layers of X-Y scheme, calculate the shape of 3D device on every one deck X-Y scheme, design printing path, simultaneously according to composition and the particle diameter of described nano particle Heisui River/collosol and gel, calculate laser sintered temperature and time;
3) collosol and gel step 1) prepared/nanometer particle ink loads material feeding apparatus 11, printhead 12 is under control of the control system 5 according to step 2) printing path that obtains first carries out the printing of one deck collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme on workbench 4, during printing, laser instrument 2 sends laser, described laser sinters the region just printed under the guiding of laser delivery apparatus 3, and the material in collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink except the raw material of 3D device is volatilized; Sinter rear control system 5 to control printhead 12 to move the printing that predeterminable range carries out lower one deck collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme, and then adopted laser to sinter, successively superposed, final formation 3D device.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.All any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent to replace and improvement etc., within the protection domain that all should be included in the claims in the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a 3D device printing device, is characterized in that, comprises printing equipment, laser instrument, laser delivery apparatus, workbench, control system; Described printing equipment connects and is controlled by described control system, for printing some layers of collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme on described workbench; Described laser instrument connects and is controlled by control system, for sending laser; Described laser delivery apparatus connects and is controlled by described control system, for changing described laser propagation direction, adopt laser to sinter described collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme after every one deck collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme completes, form 3D device.
2. a kind of 3D device printing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described control system comprises computer and console, and described console is connected with computer.
3. a kind of 3D device printing device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described printing equipment comprises material feeding apparatus and printhead; Described material feeding apparatus connects and is controlled by described computer, for storing described collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink; Described printhead connects described material feeding apparatus and connection is controlled by described console, moves, for printing some layers of collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme on described workbench with console.
4. a kind of 3D device printing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described laser delivery apparatus comprises galvanometer system and focus lamp, described galvanometer system comprises X galvanometer, Y galvanometer, described X galvanometer and described Y galvanometer are according to the control signal adjustment deflection angle of control system, and focus lamp is used for focusing on laser.
5. a kind of 3D device printing device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, be provided with pressure sensor bottom described material feeding apparatus, described pressure sensor is connected with described control system for providing sensing signal to judge the surplus of collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink in described material feeding apparatus.
6. collosol and gel according to claim 1 or nanometer particle ink raw material are metal, nonmetal, macromolecular material, metal oxide and nonmetal oxide material.
7. a 3D device Method of printing, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) 3D device raw material are prepared into collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink;
2) according to shape and the performance requirement of 3D device, control system carries out three-dimensional modeling and 3-D graphic is divided into some layers of X-Y scheme, calculate the shape of 3D device on every one deck X-Y scheme, design printing path, simultaneously according to composition and the particle diameter of described nano particle Heisui River/collosol and gel, calculate laser sintered temperature and time;
3) collosol and gel step 1) prepared/nanometer particle ink loads material feeding apparatus, printhead is under control of the control system according to step 2) printing path that obtains first carries out the printing of one deck collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme on the table, during printing, laser instrument sends laser, described laser sinters the region just printed under the guiding of laser delivery apparatus, and the material in collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink except the raw material of 3D device is volatilized; Sinter the printing carrying out next layer of collosol and gel/nanometer particle ink X-Y scheme after rear control system controls that printhead moves predeterminable range, and then adopted laser to sinter, successively superposed, final formation 3D device.
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| CN106863770A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-06-20 | 南京航空航天大学 | The preparation method of the structural circuit unitary member based on fusion sediment forming technique |
| CN107473570A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-12-15 | 西安工业大学 | Colloidal sol prepares device of optical element and preparation method thereof |
| CN107678704A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-02-09 | 揭阳安麦思科技有限公司 | 3D printer control device and method |
| CN112313065A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2021-02-02 | 埃托雷·毛里齐奥·科斯塔贝贝尔 | Stereolithography method and stereolithography machine for producing three-dimensional objects |
| CN114616080A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2022-06-10 | 希尔福克斯有限公司 | 3D printing of fully dense and crack-free silicon using selective laser melting/sintering at high temperatures |
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| CN114616080A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2022-06-10 | 希尔福克斯有限公司 | 3D printing of fully dense and crack-free silicon using selective laser melting/sintering at high temperatures |
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