CN111802519A - Dairy cow breeding method for producing selenium-rich milk - Google Patents
Dairy cow breeding method for producing selenium-rich milk Download PDFInfo
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- CN111802519A CN111802519A CN202010693951.7A CN202010693951A CN111802519A CN 111802519 A CN111802519 A CN 111802519A CN 202010693951 A CN202010693951 A CN 202010693951A CN 111802519 A CN111802519 A CN 111802519A
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
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- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 77
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012378 ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H azane;dihydroxy(dioxo)molybdenum;trioxomolybdenum;tetrahydrate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006996 mental state Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000213948 Astragalus sinicus Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 244000194101 Ginkgo biloba Species 0.000 claims 4
- 206010039921 Selenium deficiency Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 241000218628 Ginkgo Species 0.000 description 6
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of dairy cow feeding, and discloses a dairy cow feeding method for producing selenium-rich milk. The method for feeding the dairy cow is characterized in that the selenium yeast is added according to a certain proportion on the basis of the original corn silage, the method is convenient and effective, the content of the selenium yeast in the silage can be adjusted according to the determined selenium content in the milk, so that the selenium content in the milk produced by the dairy cow is always in the optimal concentration, the welfare of the dairy cow can be improved, the health of the milk body can be enhanced, healthy selenium-enriched milk can be produced for human, the requirement of the human body on the selenium can be relieved, and the occurrence of some diseases related to selenium deficiency can be prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dairy cow feeding, and particularly relates to a dairy cow feeding method for producing selenium-rich milk.
Background
At present, selenium is an important vital element equal to biochemical substances such as vitamins and the like, is a trace element necessary for human and animals, and is one of 15 nutrient elements in daily diet. Selenium is a chemical element which is researched by scientists most durably, deeply and comprehensively, is known as 'vital kindling', has irreplaceable effect in the fields of medicine and biology, China is a great country with selenium deficiency, the selenium deficiency area accounts for 72 percent of the territorial area of China, 30 percent of the selenium deficiency area is a severe selenium deficiency area, more than 4 hundred million people live in the selenium deficiency area, and local diseases such as keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease, cancer and the like caused by selenium deficiency are frequent; selenium has effects of inhibiting in vivo cell oxidation, enhancing immunity, and resisting aging, and selenium deficiency can induce cardiovascular diseases;
however, the existing milk contains less selenium and cannot meet the dietary selenium demand of adults, and in order to increase the selenium content in the milk in part of dairy farms, a selenium source is often added into the milk feed, but the selenium source is excessively added, so that the chronic poisoning of the milk is caused, and the reproduction and milk production of the milk are influenced.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the milk with less selenium content can not meet the dietary selenium demand of adults;
(2) in some dairy farms, selenium sources are often added to the feed of dairy cows to increase the selenium content in the milk, but the addition amount is too large, so that chronic poisoning of the dairy cows is caused, and the breeding and milk production of the dairy cows are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a milk cow feeding method for producing selenium-rich milk.
The invention is realized in such a way that the method for breeding the dairy cattle producing the selenium-rich milk comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively cleaning corn, corn straw, peanut straw, phoenix tree leaf, alfalfa, milk vetch, sunflower meal and ginkgo leaf, removing surface impurities, and airing the corn, the corn straw, the peanut straw, the phoenix tree leaf, the alfalfa, the milk vetch, the sunflower meal and the ginkgo leaf in a light environment until water drops on the surface disappear;
step two, placing the aired corns into a vacuum drying oven, and setting the drying temperature to be 30-50 ℃ for drying for 10-20 min; crushing the corn subjected to pulp drying in a crusher, and sieving the crushed corn with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain corn residues;
thirdly, crushing rumen-bypass fat powder, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal to 30-60 meshes, and then adding corn grit to obtain mixed grains;
placing the corn straws in a drying box, and drying for 30-50min at the set drying temperature of 70-90 ℃; placing peanut straws in a drying box, and drying for 15-25min at a set drying temperature of 30-50 ℃;
cutting the dried corn straws into 3-5cm corn straw sections, and cutting the dried peanut straws into 0.8-1.2cm peanut straw sections;
step six, cutting and mixing the cleaned and dried phoenix tree leaves, alfalfa, astragalus sinicus, sunflower meals and ginkgo leaves respectively to obtain a coarse particle mixture with the particle size of 0.5-1 cm;
seventhly, adding the soybean meal, the rice bran and the wheat bran into the mixed grains, and stirring in a stirring device; then adding the coarse particle mixture, the corn straw sections and the peanut straw sections to obtain a mixed feed;
step eight, the prepared mixed feed is subjected to combined action of ultraviolet rays, ultrasonic waves and neutron rays for 30-120 min;
step nine, taking out the treated mixed feed, adding water according to the feed liquid weight ratio of 1:1-2, uniformly stirring, and sealing; fermenting at 30-40 deg.C for 60-100min, and adjusting temperature to 50-55 deg.C for 8-12 h;
step ten, drying the fermented mixed feed, and then putting the dried mixed feed into a grinder to be ground into 40-60 meshes;
step eleven, adding yeast selenium according to a proportion, and mixing and stirring uniformly by using a stirring device to obtain the milk cow feeding feed for producing the selenium-rich milk;
step twelve, feeding the dairy cows at regular time by using the dairy cow feeding feed for producing the selenium-rich milk, and carefully observing the mental states of the dairy cows;
thirteen, freely feeding, cleaning the groove three times every day, ensuring cleanness and sanitation of the colony house, and controlling temperature and humidity;
fourteen steps: collecting milk samples after formal feeding is started, collecting 20mL of milk samples each time, immediately returning the milk samples to a laboratory, storing the milk samples in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃, and detecting milk selenium;
step fifteen: measuring by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, transferring 1mL of sample into a digestion tube, adding 2mL of nitric acid, digesting for 8 hours in an electrothermal digester at 140 ℃, naturally cooling, diluting to 10mL with water to constant volume, and measuring the content of selenium by ICP-MS;
sixthly, the steps are as follows: and adjusting the ratio of the selenium in the yeast according to the determined selenium content in the milk sample.
Further, in the sixth step, the alfalfa is sun-dried selenium-rich alfalfa, and the cultivation and harvesting method comprises the following steps:
step one, when alfalfa grows to a height of 10-15cm, preparing a micro-fertilizer water solution with a concentration of 180 mg/kg;
secondly, spraying the mixture after 4 pm at a rate of 40kg/667m2Spraying amount, spraying once every 10 days for three times, and re-spraying after spraying if meeting rain;
and thirdly, when the alfalfa grows to bloom 10%, entering an initial flowering stage, harvesting, and drying in the sun to obtain the selenium-rich alfalfa.
Further, in the first step, the preparation method of the aqueous solution of the micro-fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 17 parts of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 22 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 24 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 29 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate according to the mass parts to obtain a first mixture;
(2) mixing 12 parts of anhydrous boric acid, 28 parts of manganese sulfate, 21 parts of potassium iodide, 11 parts of cobalt sulfate, 11 parts of fulvic acid, 9 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 36 parts of sodium selenite according to the mass parts to obtain a second mixture;
(3) mixing the first mixture and the second mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain a premix;
(4) adding water into the premix, wherein the addition amount of the water is 2.5 times of the mass of the premix;
(5) and carrying out ultrasonic stirring to obtain the micro-fertilizer aqueous solution.
Further, in the eleventh step, when the selenium yeast is added according to the proportion, the proportion of the added selenium yeast is that 800-1200PPm selenium yeast is added to every 1000kg of feed.
Further, in the eleventh step, the milk cow feeding feed for producing the selenium-rich milk comprises, by mass, 60-105 parts of corn, 12-34 parts of corn straw, 5-16 parts of peanut straw, 18-28 parts of phoenix tree leaf, 5-18 parts of alfalfa, 6-34 parts of milk vetch, 11-30 parts of sunflower meal, 3-9 parts of ginkgo leaf, 3-10 parts of rumen-bypass fat powder, 8-36 parts of cotton meal, 18-40 parts of rapeseed meal, 30-56 parts of soybean meal, 12-34 parts of rice bran and 18-28 parts of wheat bran.
Further, in the twelfth step, the timing feeding of the dairy cow specifically comprises:
1) in the morning of 7: 00-9: 30, feeding for the first time on the current day, wherein the feeding amount is 1/3-1/2 of the total feeding amount on the current day;
2) in the afternoon 15: 00-17: 00 feeding for the second time in the same day, wherein the feeding amount is 1/2-2/3 of the total feeding amount in the same day;
3) if the daily yield is large or the cows are moored for multiple times after the second feeding, the third feeding can be carried out at any time, and the third feeding amount is 1/4 which is less than the total feeding amount of the daily feeding amount;
4) feeding for 2-3 times per day, with total feeding time not less than 4 hr.
Further, in the twelfth step, when the dairy cattle are fed regularly, the daily feeding amount is 15-25% of the milk yield of the dairy cattle.
Further, in the thirteenth step, the controlling the temperature and humidity specifically comprises: the temperature of the cowshed is controlled to be 16-25 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled within 70 percent.
Further, in the fourteenth step, the milk sample collection is performed in 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th, 9 th, 15 th, 22 th, 29 th, 30 th, 36 th, 40 th, 47 th and 54 th days, and the milk sample of the cow on the current day is collected in 3 times.
Further, the method for taking the daily milk sample of the cow by 3 times comprises the following steps: 20mL in the morning, 15mL in the noon and 15mL in the evening, 50mL in a 50mL tube.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the method for feeding the dairy cattle is characterized in that the feed is prepared by firstly adopting a method for feeding the dairy cattle, the prepared feed is common and easy to obtain, the cost is low, the preparation method is simple, the feed feeding is convenient and effective, and the selenium content of yeast in silage can be adjusted according to the measured selenium content in milk, so that the selenium content in the milk produced by the dairy cattle is always in the optimal concentration, the immunity of the dairy cattle can be improved, the health of the milk body can be maintained, selenium-enriched milk can be provided for human, the requirement of the human body on selenium can be met, and some diseases related to selenium deficiency can be prevented.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a dairy cow feeding method for producing selenium-rich milk provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for cultivating and harvesting selenium-rich alfalfa provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a micro-fertilizer aqueous solution provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the timed feeding of cows provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 5 is a line graph comparing milk selenium content versus feeding time for experiments provided by examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a dairy cow feeding method for producing selenium-rich milk, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the dairy cow feeding method for producing selenium-rich milk provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, placing the aired corns into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 10-20min at a set drying temperature of 30-50 ℃; and (4) crushing the corn subjected to pulp drying in a crusher, and sieving the crushed corn with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain corn residues.
S102, grinding rumen bypass fat powder, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal to 30-60 meshes, and then adding corn grit to obtain the mixed grain.
S103, cutting the dried corn straws into 3-5cm corn straw sections, and cutting the dried peanut straws into 0.8-1.2cm peanut straw sections.
S104, cutting and mixing the cleaned and dried phoenix tree leaves, alfalfa, Chinese milk vetch, sunflower meal and ginkgo leaves respectively to obtain a coarse particle mixture with the particle size of 0.5-1 cm.
S105, adding the soybean meal, the rice bran and the wheat bran into the mixed grains, and stirring in a stirring device; then adding the coarse particle mixture, the corn straw sections and the peanut straw sections to obtain a mixed feed; treating with ultraviolet ray, ultrasonic wave and neutron ray for 30-120 min.
S106, taking out the treated mixed feed, adding water according to the feed liquid weight ratio of 1:1-2, uniformly stirring and sealing; fermenting at 30-40 deg.C for 60-100min, and adjusting temperature to 50-55 deg.C for 8-12 h.
S107, adding yeast selenium according to a proportion, and mixing and stirring uniformly by using a stirring device to obtain the milk cow feeding feed for producing the selenium-rich milk.
And S108, feeding the dairy cow at regular time by using the dairy cow feeding feed for producing the selenium-rich milk, and carefully observing the mental state of the dairy cow.
And S109, freely feeding, cleaning the groove three times every day, ensuring cleanness and sanitation of the colony house, and controlling temperature and humidity.
S110: and (4) collecting milk samples after formal feeding is started, collecting 20mL of milk samples each time, immediately returning to a laboratory, and storing in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ to be tested.
S111: measuring by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, transferring 1mL of sample into a digestion tube, adding 2mL of nitric acid, digesting for 8h at 140 ℃ in an electrothermal digester, naturally cooling, adding water to a constant volume of 10mL, and measuring the content of selenium by ICP-MS.
S112: and adjusting the ratio of the selenium in the yeast according to the determined selenium content in the milk sample.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S104, the alfalfa provided by the embodiment of the present invention is sun-dried selenium-rich alfalfa, and the cultivation and harvesting method of the selenium-rich alfalfa includes the following steps:
s201, when the alfalfa grows to a height of 10-15cm, preparing a micro-fertilizer water solution with a concentration of 180 mg/kg;
s202, spraying at the afternoon of 4 hours at a rate of 40kg/667m2Spraying amount, spraying once every 10 days for three times, and re-spraying after spraying if meeting rain;
s203, when the alfalfa grows to blossom 10%, entering an initial flowering stage, harvesting, and drying in the sun to obtain the selenium-rich alfalfa.
In step S201, the preparation method of the aqueous solution of the micro-fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises:
s301, mixing 17 parts of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 22 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 24 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 29 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate according to parts by mass to obtain a first mixture;
s302, mixing 12 parts of anhydrous boric acid, 28 parts of manganese sulfate, 21 parts of potassium iodide, 11 parts of cobalt sulfate, 11 parts of fulvic acid, 9 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 36 parts of sodium selenite according to parts by mass to obtain a second mixture;
s303, mixing the first mixture and the second mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain a premix;
s304, adding water into the premix, wherein the adding amount of the water is 2.5 times of the mass of the premix;
s305, carrying out ultrasonic stirring to obtain a micro-fertilizer aqueous solution.
In step S107, when the selenium yeast is added according to the proportion provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the proportion of the added selenium yeast is 800-1200PPm of the added selenium yeast per 1000kg of the feed.
In step S107, the milk cow feeding feed for producing the selenium-rich milk provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by mass, 60-105 parts of corn, 12-34 parts of corn straw, 5-16 parts of peanut straw, 18-28 parts of phoenix tree leaf, 5-18 parts of alfalfa, 6-34 parts of milk vetch, 11-30 parts of sunflower meal, 3-9 parts of ginkgo leaf, 3-10 parts of rumen bypass fatty powder, 8-36 parts of cottonseed meal, 18-40 parts of rapeseed meal, 30-56 parts of soybean meal, 12-34 parts of rice bran and 18-28 parts of wheat bran.
In step S108, the timing feeding of the dairy cow provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically comprises:
s401, at 7 a.m.: 00-9: 30, feeding for the first time on the current day, wherein the feeding amount is 1/3-1/2 of the total feeding amount on the current day;
s402, in the afternoon 15: 00-17: 00 feeding for the second time in the same day, wherein the feeding amount is 1/2-2/3 of the total feeding amount in the same day;
s403, if the yield of the dairy cattle is large on the day or the dairy cattle is moored for multiple times after the second feeding, the third feeding can be carried out at any time, and the third feeding amount is 1/4 which is smaller than the total feeding amount on the day;
s404, feeding for 2-3 times every day, wherein the total feeding time is not less than 4 h.
In step S108, when the dairy cow is fed regularly, the daily feeding amount is 15-25% of the milk yield of the dairy cow.
In step S109, the controlling the temperature and humidity provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes: the temperature of the cowshed is controlled to be 16-25 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled within 70 percent.
In step S110, the milk sample collection time provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th, 9 th, 15 th, 22 th, 29 th, 30 th, 36 th, 40 th, 47 th, and 54 th days, and the milk sample of the cow on the same day is collected by 3 times.
The method for taking the daily milk sample of the cow by 3 times provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: 20mL in the morning, 15mL in the noon and 15mL in the evening, 50mL in a 50mL tube.
The technical effect of the invention is explained by comparative experiments, which are specifically as follows:
(1) respectively setting an experimental group and a control group for comparison and verification;
(2) the feed for the experimental group of cows is fed with the selenium-rich feed adopted by the invention, and the feed for the control group of cows is non-selenium-rich feed;
(3) feeding the dairy cattle from 3/25 days in 2020 to 5/3 days in 2020 for 40 days, and collecting milk samples 3 times on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 22, 29, 30, 36 and 40;
(4) measuring the content of selenium in the milk sample by adopting an ICP-MS method;
(5) the data sorting was performed using excel, with the following results:
the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding cows producing selenium-rich milk is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, respectively cleaning corn, corn straw, peanut straw, phoenix tree leaf, alfalfa, milk vetch, sunflower meal and ginkgo leaf, removing surface impurities, and airing the corn, the corn straw, the peanut straw, the phoenix tree leaf, the alfalfa, the milk vetch, the sunflower meal and the ginkgo leaf in a light environment until water drops on the surface disappear;
step two, placing the aired corns into a vacuum drying oven, and setting the drying temperature to be 30-50 ℃ for drying for 10-20 min; crushing the corn subjected to pulp drying in a crusher, and sieving the crushed corn with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain corn residues;
thirdly, crushing rumen-bypass fat powder, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal to 30-60 meshes, and then adding corn grit to obtain mixed grains;
placing the corn straws in a drying box, and drying for 30-50min at the set drying temperature of 70-90 ℃; placing peanut straws in a drying box, and drying for 15-25min at a set drying temperature of 30-50 ℃;
cutting the dried corn straws into 3-5cm corn straw sections, and cutting the dried peanut straws into 0.8-1.2cm peanut straw sections;
step six, cutting and mixing the cleaned and dried phoenix tree leaves, alfalfa, astragalus sinicus, sunflower meals and ginkgo leaves respectively to obtain a coarse particle mixture with the particle size of 0.5-1 cm;
seventhly, adding the soybean meal, the rice bran and the wheat bran into the mixed grains, and stirring in a stirring device; then adding the coarse particle mixture, the corn straw sections and the peanut straw sections to obtain a mixed feed;
step eight, the prepared mixed feed is subjected to combined action of ultraviolet rays, ultrasonic waves and neutron rays for 30-120 min;
step nine, taking out the treated mixed feed, adding water according to the feed liquid weight ratio of 1:1-2, uniformly stirring, and sealing; fermenting at 30-40 deg.C for 60-100min, and adjusting temperature to 50-55 deg.C for 8-12 h;
step ten, drying the fermented mixed feed, and then putting the dried mixed feed into a grinder to be ground into 40-60 meshes;
step eleven, adding yeast selenium according to a proportion, and mixing and stirring uniformly by using a stirring device to obtain the milk cow feeding feed for producing the selenium-rich milk;
step twelve, feeding the dairy cows at regular time by using the dairy cow feeding feed for producing the selenium-rich milk, and carefully observing the mental states of the dairy cows;
thirteen, freely feeding, cleaning the groove three times every day, ensuring cleanness and sanitation of the colony house, and controlling temperature and humidity;
fourteen steps: collecting milk samples after formal feeding is started, collecting 20mL of milk samples each time, immediately returning the milk samples to a laboratory, storing the milk samples in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃, and detecting milk selenium;
step fifteen: measuring by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, transferring 1mL of sample into a digestion tube, adding 2mL of nitric acid, digesting for 8 hours in an electrothermal digester at 140 ℃, naturally cooling, diluting to 10mL with water to constant volume, and measuring the content of selenium by ICP-MS;
sixthly, the steps are as follows: and adjusting the ratio of the selenium in the yeast according to the determined selenium content in the milk sample.
2. The method for raising dairy cows producing selenium-rich milk according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the alfalfa is sun-dried selenium-rich alfalfa, and the method for cultivating and harvesting the alfalfa comprises the following steps:
step one, when alfalfa grows to a height of 10-15cm, preparing a micro-fertilizer water solution with a concentration of 180 mg/kg;
secondly, spraying the mixture after 4 pm at a rate of 40kg/667m2Spraying amount, spraying once every 10 days for three times, and re-spraying after spraying if meeting rain;
and thirdly, when the alfalfa grows to bloom 10%, entering an initial flowering stage, harvesting, and drying in the sun to obtain the selenium-rich alfalfa.
3. The method for raising dairy cows producing selenium-enriched milk according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, the method for preparing the aqueous micro-fertilizer solution comprises:
(1) mixing 17 parts of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 22 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 24 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 29 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate according to the mass parts to obtain a first mixture;
(2) mixing 12 parts of anhydrous boric acid, 28 parts of manganese sulfate, 21 parts of potassium iodide, 11 parts of cobalt sulfate, 11 parts of fulvic acid, 9 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 36 parts of sodium selenite according to the mass parts to obtain a second mixture;
(3) mixing the first mixture and the second mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain a premix;
(4) adding water into the premix, wherein the addition amount of the water is 2.5 times of the mass of the premix;
(5) and carrying out ultrasonic stirring to obtain the micro-fertilizer aqueous solution.
4. The method for raising dairy cows producing selenium-enriched milk according to claim 1, wherein in the eleventh step, when the selenium yeast is added in proportion, the proportion of the added selenium yeast is 800-.
5. The method for feeding the dairy cattle producing the selenium-enriched milk according to claim 1, wherein in the eleventh step, the dairy cattle feeding feed for producing the selenium-enriched milk is composed of, by mass, 60-105 parts of corn, 12-34 parts of corn straw, 5-16 parts of peanut straw, 18-28 parts of phoenix tree leaf, 5-18 parts of alfalfa, 6-34 parts of milk vetch, 11-30 parts of sunflower meal, 3-9 parts of ginkgo leaf, 3-10 parts of rumen-bypass fatty powder, 8-36 parts of cottonseed meal, 18-40 parts of rapeseed meal, 30-56 parts of soybean meal, 12-34 parts of rice bran and 18-28 parts of wheat bran.
6. The method for feeding dairy cows producing selenium-enriched milk according to claim 1, wherein in the twelfth step, the regular feeding of the dairy cows specifically comprises:
1) in the morning of 7: 00-9: 30, feeding for the first time on the current day, wherein the feeding amount is 1/3-1/2 of the total feeding amount on the current day;
2) in the afternoon 15: 00-17: 00 feeding for the second time in the same day, wherein the feeding amount is 1/2-2/3 of the total feeding amount in the same day;
3) if the daily yield is large or the cows are moored for multiple times after the second feeding, the third feeding can be carried out at any time, and the third feeding amount is 1/4 which is less than the total feeding amount of the daily feeding amount;
4) feeding for 2-3 times per day, with total feeding time not less than 4 hr.
7. The method for feeding dairy cows that produce selenium-enriched milk according to claim 1, wherein in the twelfth step, the daily feeding amount is 15-25% of the milk yield of the dairy cows when the dairy cows are fed regularly.
8. The method for feeding dairy cows producing selenium-enriched milk according to claim 1, wherein in the thirteenth step, the temperature and humidity control specifically comprises: the temperature of the cowshed is controlled to be 16-25 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled within 70 percent.
9. The method for raising milk cows producing selenium-rich milk according to claim 1, wherein in the fourteenth step, the milk sample collection is carried out for 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th, 9 th, 15 th, 22 th, 29 th, 30 th, 36 th, 40 th, 47 th and 54 th days, and the milk sample of the milk cow on the same day is collected in 3 times.
10. The method for raising dairy cows producing selenium-rich milk according to claim 9, wherein the method for taking daily milk samples of the dairy cows in 3 times comprises the following steps: 20mL in the morning, 15mL in the noon and 15mL in the evening, 50mL in a 50mL tube.
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| CN116268199A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-23 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业（集团）股份有限公司 | Feed additive, feed containing feed additive, and preparation method and application of feed additive |
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| CN116268199B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2024-03-22 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业（集团）股份有限公司 | Feed additive, feed containing feed additive, and preparation method and application of feed additive |
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