CN111790402A - 一种co偶联催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种CO偶联催化剂的制备方法,该制备方法以一种低吸水率球形α‑Al2O3为母体,通过喷涂的方式在外层覆盖一层Zn改性氧化铝,经过高温焙烧和水热处理脱钠后得到一种Zn修饰、低钠含量、内层致密的球形α‑Al2O3,由于内层载体吸水率低,可以使贵金属更均匀分布在载体的外表面,提高了贵金属负载量提高利用率;同时由于Zn修饰作用和表面除Na处理有利于提高催化剂的活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种CO偶联制草酸二甲酯催化剂的制备方法,属于合成气经草酸酯制乙二醇技术领域。
背景技术
乙二醇(EG)是一种重要的基础有机化工原料,下游用途广泛,主要用于生产聚酯纤维(PET)和防冻剂,我国年用量超过1500万吨,其中一半以上需要进口。乙二醇的生产工艺主要包括石油法、煤或天然气法,其中随着草酸酯法煤制乙二醇工艺的发展和工艺不断成熟,目前已经成为我国重要的乙二醇生产工艺。草酸酯法乙二醇工艺的核心之一是CO偶联制草酸二甲酯催化剂。从1978年日本宇部兴产第一套草酸酯法乙二醇工艺工业化以来,CO偶联催化剂的研发和改进一直是国内外研究的热点,贵金属含量从最初的1%以上降到目前的0.2%。研究的内容主要包括金属负载方式的优化、助剂的选择以及载体制备和改性等几个方面。
例如专利CN 201680001039.2发明了一种催化剂制备方法,其中载体为中空结构,有利于散热,降低反应压降,降低贵金属含量。专利CN201710249991.0发明了一种蛋黄型CO偶联催化剂,通过将负载金属后的催化剂用超声处理,将外表面金属脱除,从而形成一种惰性保护层,提高了催化剂稳定性,但制备过程中容易造成贵金属损失。专利CN201310012689.3公开了一种Pd-Cu纳米颗粒负载的CO偶联催化剂,有效降低了贵金属含量。专利CN201410450349.5公开了一种Pd/ZnO纳米催化剂的制法,取得了较高的目的产物时空收率,但催化剂的稳定性有待进一步研究。专利CN201510268197.1公开了一种α-Al2O3的制备方法,将成型的γ-Al2O3通过酸处理和氟化物处理然后焙烧得到α-Al2O3,生产过程中容易造成设备腐蚀。专利CN201810074555.9公开了一种CO偶联催化剂制备方法,采用钪、钇、镧、铈、镨、钕中的一种改性的α-Al2O3作为载体,可以提高催化剂的活性。CN1467022A专利公开了一种α-Al2O3的改性方法,采用碱性物质处理载体,可以提高催化剂的活性。CN1802211A专利公开了一种用含Li碱性物质改性α-Al2O3的方法,目的是脱除载体中的Na。CN200910057809.7专利公开了一种α-Al2O3负载贵金属用于氢气选择性燃烧催化剂的制备方法,采用惰性载体为母体通过滚涂的方法形成一种壳核型氧化铝载体,该载体完全采用惰性内核并且外表涂层为纯氧化铝。专利CN201480008058.9公开了一种包括空腔的α-Al2O3的制备方法,用于乙烯环氧化银催化剂的制备,采用Zn改性然后用碱处理从而形成空腔,有利于金属的锚定。专利CN201510690630.0专利公开了一种喷涂方法制备壳核型载体的方法,该载体用于银催化剂的制备。以镁铝尖晶石为核喷涂铝溶胶形成α-Al2O3外壳有利于活性金属在外表面富集。
CO偶联反应属于外表面反应,典型的催化剂为Pd-Fe/α-Al2O3催化剂,希望活性组分Pd在催化剂外层均匀分散。现有技术大都是通过活性组分负载技术、载体改性技术实现贵金属在载体表面均匀分散。采用不同吸附能力的壳核型载体,可以利用内外层吸水率的差异,实现活性组分优先在外表面富集,同时外表面经过改性和脱Na处理可以有效的提高催化剂的活性和选择性。虽然在其它领域有采用涂层载体制备催化剂的方法,例如专利CN201480008058.9和CN201510690630.0,但他们所用的母体均为惰性物质不参与反应,也不利于反应的散热不适用于CO偶联反应工艺。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是提供一种使贵金属在外层富集的催化剂制备方法,该催化剂用于CO偶联制草酸二甲酯反应,可以提高贵金属利用率,提高催化剂活性和稳定性。
本发明提供的一种CO偶联催化剂的制备方法,具体步骤包括:
(1)以一种低吸水率球形α-Al2O3为母体,吸水率为2%~20%,采用喷涂的方式在其外层涂覆一层含Al和Zn的氧化物,以重量百分比计,ZnO含量1%~20%,余量Al2O3,厚度1~3mm,然后经过1000℃~1400℃焙烧得到外层Zn改性的α-Al2O3,其吸水率为母体吸水率的1.5~25倍;
(2)将得到的外层Zn改性的α-Al2O3在50℃~95℃水中浸泡2h~24h,然后经去离子水洗涤,过滤后在100℃~150℃条件下干燥2h~12h,得到载体中Na含量减少值≮100ppm;
(3)采用浸渍的方法在步骤(2)载体上负载Pd和助剂Fe或La,以重量百分比计,Pd含量0.01%~2%,Fe或La含量0.05%~2%;然后经过干燥、焙烧得到催化剂。
步骤(1)母体吸水率优选5%~10%。
步骤(1)涂层中氧化锌的含量优选5%~10%。
步骤(1)得到载体吸水率优选为母体的3~8倍。
步骤(2)水中浸泡温度优选65℃~90℃。
步骤(2)水中浸泡时间优选6h~20h。
步骤(3)以重量百分比计,Pd的含量优选0.05%~0.5%。
步骤(3)以重量百分比计,助剂的含量优选0.05%~0.5%。
步骤(3)负载金属后经过80℃~120℃干燥和300℃~500℃焙烧后得到催化剂。
本发明制备方法,首先利用载体内外吸水率的差异,采用低吸水率载体为母体,在其外面喷涂一层高吸水率载体,从而实现金属优先在外表面富集目的。为了提高金属分散度对外层载体进行了金属修饰,试验表明采用氧化锌修饰后催化剂的活性明显提高。通过对载体用水热处理的方式可以脱除外层载体中少量Na,从而提高了催化剂的选择性。使用本发明专利制备的催化剂在0~0.1MPa条件下,反应温度130℃,空速3000h-1,其中N2:CO:MN=12:5:3的条件下(MN流速低),DMO的时空收率可以达到830kg/m3·h,比常规型载体制备催化剂收率提高17%,经过水热处理比未经过水热处理载体制备的催化剂的选择性提高约1%;贵金属组分含量在0.05%条件下,仍然有高达800kg/m3·h的时空收率,而母体采用烧结的α-Al2O3为载体,外表面涂覆氧化铝后制备的对比催化剂的活性明显下降。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步说明。
实施例中载体吸水率、催化剂的选择性、载体Na脱除量的计算方法如下:
1)载体吸水率计算方法:
取10g干燥后的载体放入烧杯中,用20mL水浸泡4h,然后过滤并用软毛巾擦除载体表面残存水,然后称重。
吸水率=(W吸-10)/10×100%
W吸——吸水后经过擦除表面水的载体重量。
2)催化剂的选择性计算方法:
SDMO=2×F1×C1,DMO/(F0×C0,MN-F1×C1,MN)×100%
F0——进气口总摩尔流速,mol/min;
F1——出气口总摩尔流速,mol/min;
C0,MN——进气口亚硝酸甲酯(MN)摩尔流速,mol/min;
C1,MN——出气口MN摩尔流速,mol/min;
C1,DMO——出气口草酸二甲酯(DMO)摩尔流速,mol/min;
SDMO——DMO选择性。
3)载体Na脱除量的计算方法:
将水热后的母液回收并通过ICP分析测试母液中Na的含量,并计算出母液中Na总重量,该重量除以原载体重量即为Na的脱除量。
实施例1
(1)取900g活性氧化铝加到混捏机混合10min,加入700mL含1g NaOH的水溶液,在混捏机中捏合10min,然后加入20g甲基纤维素和50mL水继续捏合20min。将捏合好的物料放入挤条机中挤出,挤条机模板孔径3mm圆孔,挤出的条被切刀切成2.5~9mm的条,然后移入密闭容器封存24h。将放置后的物料放入球形整形装置,转动整粒20min,然后经过120℃干燥2h,1300℃焙烧4h得到直径约为4mm的球形α-Al2O3。
(2)将100g 15%氧化铝溶胶和165g 2%硝酸溶液配成浆液,然后加入10g氧化锌粉末、75g活性氧化铝粉末、2g甲基纤维素、10g木粉搅拌成均匀浆液,然后用喷枪喷涂到在滚球机中的上述载体上,不断转动滚球机,同时连续喷涂浆液,直到涂层厚度约1~2mm时停止喷涂,继续转动10min,然后自然风干8h后于120℃下烘干4h,最后1150℃焙烧4h得到Zn改性α-Al2O3。
(3)取50g上述载体放入烧杯中,加入100mL去离子水,然后加热至80℃保持8h,结束后过滤,滤液收集检测Na含量。用500g去离子水冲洗载体,然后120℃干燥4h得到表面Zn改性和除Na的α-Al2O3。
(4)将1.7g硝酸钯溶液(Pd含量0.0306g/g),Fe(NO3)2·9H2O(98%)0.15g和去离子水配成10mL水溶液,加入20g上述载体室温浸渍12h,然后120℃干燥2h,350℃焙烧4h,得到催化剂。
实施例2
(1)取900g活性氧化铝加到混捏机混合10min,加入700mL含1g NaOH的水溶液,在混捏机中捏合10min,然后加入20g甲基纤维素和50mL水继续捏合20min。将捏合好的物料放入挤条机中挤出,挤条机模板孔径3mm圆孔,挤出的条被切刀切成2.5~9mm的条,然后移入密闭容器封存24h。将放置后的物料放入球形整形装置,转动整粒20min,然后经过120℃干燥2h,1400℃焙烧4h得到直径约为4mm的球形α-Al2O3。
(2)将100g 15%氧化铝溶胶和165g 2%硝酸溶液配成浆液,然后加入7.5g氧化锌粉末、77.5g活性氧化铝粉末、2g甲基纤维素、10g木粉搅拌成均匀浆液,然后用喷枪喷涂到在滚球机中的上述载体上,不断转动滚球机,同时连续喷涂浆液,直到涂层厚度约1~2mm时停止喷涂,继续转动10min,然后自然风干8h后于120℃下烘干4h,最后1200℃焙烧4h得到Zn改性α-Al2O3。
(3)取50g上述载体放入烧杯中,加入100mL去离子水,然后加热至65℃保持20h,结束后过滤,滤液收集检测Na含量。用500g去离子水冲洗载体,然后120℃干燥4h得到表面Zn改性和除Na的α-Al2O3载体。
(4)将1.7g硝酸钯溶液(Pd含量0.0306g/g),La(NO3)3·6H2O(98%)0.06g和去离子水配成10mL水溶液,加入20g上述载体室温浸渍12h,然后120℃干燥2h,300℃焙烧4h,得到催化剂。
实施例3
(1)母体制备方法同实施例1步骤(1)。
(2)将100g 15%氧化铝溶胶和165g 2%硝酸溶液配成浆液,然后加入5g氧化锌粉末、80g活性氧化铝粉末、2g甲基纤维素、10g木粉搅拌成均匀浆液,然后用喷枪喷涂到在滚球机中的上述载体上,不断转动滚球机,同时连续喷涂浆液,直到涂层厚度约1~2mm时停止喷涂,继续转动10min,然后自然风干8h后于120℃下烘干4h,最后1100℃焙烧4h得到Zn改性α-Al2O3。
(3)取50g上述载体放入烧杯中,加入100mL去离子水,然后加热至90℃保持12h,结束后过滤,滤液收集检测Na含量。用500g去离子水冲洗载体,然后120℃干燥4h得到表面Zn改性和除Na的α-Al2O3。
(4)将3.4g硝酸钯溶液(Pd含量0.0306g/g),Fe(NO3)2·9H2O(98%)0.3g和去离子水配成10mL水溶液,加入20g上述载体室温浸渍12h,然后120℃干燥2h,400℃焙烧4h,得到催化剂。
实施例4
(1)载体制备和改性方法同实施例1。
(2)将0.34g硝酸钯溶液(Pd含量0.0306g/g),Fe(NO3)2·9H2O(98%)0.075g和去离子水配成10mL水溶液,加入20g上述载体室温浸渍12h,然后120℃干燥2h,350℃焙烧4h,得到催化剂。
对比例1
(1)取900g活性氧化铝加到混捏机混合10min,加入700mL含1g NaOH的水溶液,在混捏机中捏合10min,然后加入20g甲基纤维素和50mL水继续捏合20min。将捏合好的物料放入挤条机中挤出,挤条机模板孔径5mm圆孔,挤出的条被切刀切成4~9mm的条,然后移入密闭容器封存24h。将放置后的物料放入球形整形装置,转动整粒20min,然后经过120℃干燥2h,1200℃焙烧4h得到直径约为5mm的球形α-Al2O3。
(2)采用实施例1步骤(3)和步骤(4)的方法改性载体和负载金属得到催化剂。
对比例2
(1)取810g活性氧化铝和90gZnO粉末加到混捏机混合10min,加入700mL含1g NaOH的水溶液,在混捏机中捏合10min,然后加入20g甲基纤维素和50mL水继续捏合20min。将捏合好的物料放入挤条机中挤出,挤条机模板孔径5mm圆孔,挤出的条被切刀切成4~9mm的条,然后移入密闭容器封存24h。将放置后的物料放入球形整形装置,转动整粒20min,然后经过120℃干燥2h,1200℃焙烧4h得到直径约为5mm的球形α-Al2O3。
(2)采用实施例1步骤(3)和步骤(4)的方法改性载体和负载金属得到催化剂。
对比例3
(1)按照实施例1步骤(1)和步骤(2)的方法制备载体。
(2)按照实施例1步骤(4)的方法负载金属得到催化剂。
对比例4
(1)取900g活性氧化铝加到混捏机混合10min,加入700mL含1g NaOH的水溶液,在混捏机中捏合10min,然后加入20g甲基纤维素和50mL水继续捏合20min。将捏合好的物料放入挤条机中挤出,挤条机模板孔径3mm圆孔,挤出的条被切刀切成2.5~9mm的条,然后移入密闭容器封存24h。将放置后的物料放入球形整形装置,转动整粒20min,然后经过120℃干燥2h,1600℃焙烧4h得到直径约为4mm的球形α-Al2O3。
(2)按照实施例1步骤(2)、步骤(3)和步骤(4)的方法制备催化剂。
催化剂的性能评价:
将本发明实施例和对比例中的催化剂应用于CO偶联制草酸二甲酯反应中,评价在10mL的固定床反应器中进行,取实施例1~4和对比例1~4催化剂用量为10mL,评价开始之前催化剂用氢气在200℃还原2h之后降温至130℃通原料气进行反应,原料气中N2:CO:CH3ONO=12:5:3(体积比),气相空速为3000h-1,反应温度为130℃,反应压力为0~0.1Mpa。
载体和催化剂的性质、Na脱除率和催化性能见表1。
表1载体和催化剂的性质和催化性能
Claims (8)
1.一种CO偶联催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以一种吸水率为2%~20%的低吸水率球形α-Al2O3为母体,在其外层涂覆一层含Al和Zn的氧化物,以重量百分比计,ZnO含量为1%~20%,余量Al2O3,厚度1~3mm,然后经过1000℃~1400℃焙烧得到外层Zn改性的α-Al2O3,其吸水率为母体吸水率的1.5~25倍;
(2)将外层Zn改性的α-Al2O3在50℃~95℃水中浸泡2h~24h,然后经去离子水洗涤,过滤后在100℃~150℃条件下干燥2h~12h,得到载体中Na含量减少值≮100ppm;
(3)采用浸渍的方法在步骤(2)得到的载体上负载Pd和助剂Fe或La,以重量百分比计,Pd含量为0.01%~2%,Fe或La含量为0.05%~2%;然后经过干燥、焙烧得到催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的低吸水率球形α-Al2O3的吸水率为5%~10%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中ZnO含量为5%~10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)得到外层Zn改性的α-Al2O3的吸水率为母体的3~8倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)水中浸泡温度为65℃~90℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)水中浸泡时间为6h~20h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,所述Pd的含量为0.05%~0.5%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,所述助剂的含量为0.05%~0.5%。
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