CN111789844A - 一种吡嗪类化合物在制备药物中的应用 - Google Patents
一种吡嗪类化合物在制备药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111789844A CN111789844A CN202010759402.5A CN202010759402A CN111789844A CN 111789844 A CN111789844 A CN 111789844A CN 202010759402 A CN202010759402 A CN 202010759402A CN 111789844 A CN111789844 A CN 111789844A
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- Prior art keywords
- olb
- acid
- pyrazine
- alkyl
- disease
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- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Natural products C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种吡嗪类化合物在制备药物中的应用,其可以治疗包括阿尔兹海默病、帕金森症、亨廷顿症、额颞叶痴呆(FTD)、血管性痴呆、HIV相关痴呆症、多发性硬化症、进行性脊髓侧索硬化症、弗里德赖希共济失调、神经性疼痛或青光眼等神经退行性疾病、炎症、氧化损伤、线粒体相关疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物领域,特别是一种吡嗪类化合物在制备药物中的应用。
背景技术
神经退行性疾病(Neurodegenerative diseases,ND)是包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森氏病、亨廷顿氏舞蹈病、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、额颞叶痴呆(FTD)、弗里德赖希共济失调等在内的导致神经元逐步死亡的慢性疾病,往往给患者以及家庭带来巨大的痛苦与负担。随着人口老龄化加剧,预计到2040年,ND将会取代癌症,成为导致人类死亡的第二大类疾病,然而目前世界范围内还没有任何一种药物能够有效治疗神经退行性疾病。
ND的病理学与氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、Ca2+内流、免疫炎症、自噬及金属离子等联系紧密,为多病因复杂疾病,传统单靶点高选择性药物的开发策略在ND新药研发中难以奏效。中药天然分子由于有多靶点、毒副作用小、协同效果好等优势,已成为近年来抗ND药物的研究热点。
糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus,DM)是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或胰岛素利用障碍导致的一种终生代谢性疾病,以高血糖为主要特征。随着居民生活水平的提高,饮食结构的改变,DM的发病率逐年升高,发病年龄也越来越年轻。糖尿病肾病(Diabetic Nephropathy,DN)是糖尿病的常见慢性并发症之一,在糖尿病人群中发病率约为20%~40%,后期大约会有50%的糖尿病肾病患者死于终末期肾功能衰竭,这也是慢性肾脏疾病死亡的主要原因。DN发病过程十分隐匿,发病机制复杂多样,临床上尚缺乏有效的治疗手段。
本发明通过长期的研究,发现了一种吡嗪类化合物,其对于神经退行性疾病、糖尿病等线粒体相关异常的疾病具有治疗作用。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种吡嗪类化合物、立体异构体、互变异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐,所述吡嗪类化合物如式I所示:
其中,X和Y各自独立地选自O,S,Se或NR6;R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6各自独立的为H、氘、卤素、羟基、胺基、羧基、酰胺基、酯基、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的烯基、取代或未取代的炔基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、取代或未取代的烷氧基、取代或未取代的烷基羧基、取代或未取代的烷基酯基、-取代或未取代的烷基-OH、取代或未取代的烷氧基、烷胺基、-取代或未取代的烷基-NH2、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂环芳基、取代或未取代的碳酸酯基、氨基甲酸酯、-取代或未取代的烷基-酰基胺基、-取代或未取代的氨基烷基羧酸酯,或以上基团的氘代衍生物;n=0-6,m=0-5。
优选的n可以为0、1、2、3、4、5、6;m可以为0、1、2、3、4、5。
如上所述的一种吡嗪类化合物、立体异构体、互变异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐,R1,R2,R3为甲基或氘代甲基。
如上所述的一种吡嗪类化合物、立体异构体、互变异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐,R4是H或氘。
如上所述的一种吡嗪类化合物、立体异构体、互变异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐,所述化合物具有如下通式结构:
其中,X和Y选自O,S,Se或NR6。
如上所述的一种吡嗪类化合物、立体异构体、互变异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐,所述吡嗪衍生物具有如下结构:
如上所述的一种吡嗪类化合物、立体异构体、互变异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐,所述吡嗪衍生物具有如下结构:
优选的,药学上可接受的盐是所述化合物与盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、水杨酸、草酸、苯甲酸、马来酸、富马酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、C1-6脂肪羧酸、C1-6烷基磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸或者樟脑磺酸的盐。
如上所述的化合物,其选自如下化合物:
或者
进一步的,本发明提供了如下制备方法:
或:
本发明还提供了如下化合物的制备方法:
或者:
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,包括治疗有效量的一种或多种如上所述的吡嗪类化合物、立体异构体、互变异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还提供了如上所述的一种吡嗪类化合物、立体异构体、互变异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐在治疗包括阿尔兹海默病、帕金森症、亨廷顿症、额颞叶痴呆(FTD)、血管性痴呆、HIV相关痴呆症、多发性硬化症、进行性脊髓侧索硬化症、神经性疼痛或青光眼等神经退行性疾病、糖尿病及相关糖尿病并发症、炎症、氧化损伤、线粒体疾病中的用途。
本发明制备的吡嗪类化合物可以改善糖脂代谢、降低尿蛋白、具有神经保护活性、可以抗炎、改善记忆损伤、抗氧化损伤、对于肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)具有治疗作用、预防和/或治疗帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等疾病。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,包括治疗有效量的一种或多种如上所述的任一吡嗪类化合物、立体异构体、互变异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐。
优选的,该药物组合物进一步含有一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
更优选的,该药物组合物中进一步包含其他的治疗剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,使用的化合物可以以包含常规药用载体的剂量单位制剂通过口腔、注射、皮下、呼吸道、透皮、非肠道、直肠、局部外用、静脉、肌肉或通过其它方式来给予。可以将药物组合物配制成任何药用形式,如:片剂、颗粒剂、注射剂、凝胶剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、栓剂、植入剂、纳米制剂、粉针剂。诸如片剂和胶囊剂的一些剂型可以再分成包含诸如达到期望目的的有效量的适当量活性组分的适当剂量单位剂型。
载体包括赋形剂和稀释剂,并且必须具有足够高的纯度和十分低的毒性以使它们适于被给予待治疗的患者。载体可以是惰性的或其可以本身具有药用益处。
载体的种类包括但不限于:稀释剂如填料和疏松剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、抗结块剂、崩解剂、增甜剂、缓冲剂、防腐剂、增溶剂、等张剂、悬浮剂和分散剂、润湿剂或乳化剂、调味剂和芳香剂、增稠剂和媒介物。示例性药用载体包括糖、淀粉、纤维素、麦芽、明胶、滑石和植物油。可选的活性剂可以包括在药物组合物中,其基本上不影响本发明的化合物的活性。
术语约定:
“立体异构体”或“旋光异构体”是具有相同化学组成但原子或基团在空间中的排布不同的化合物。其包括“非对映异构体”和“对映异构体”
“非对映异构体”是具有两个或更多手性中心并且其分子不是彼此的镜像的立体异构体。非对映异构体具有不同物理性能,例如:熔点、沸点、谱特性和反应活性。在拆分剂或色谱存在的情况下,使用诸如手性HPLC柱,可以在诸如电泳、结晶的高分辨分析步骤下分离非对映异构体的混合物。
“对映异构体”指代彼此无重叠镜像的一种化合物的两个立体异构体。对映异构体的50:50的混合称为外消旋混合物或外消旋体,其在化学反应或处理过程中可以出现在已经没有立体选择性或立体定向性的情况下。
“烷基”包括支链和直链饱和脂肪族烃基两者,并具有指定数量的碳原子数量,一般1至约12个碳原子。如在本文中使用的术语C1-C6烷基表示具有1至约6个碳原子的烷基。当本文中结合另一基团使用C0-Cn烷基时,以(苯基)C0-C4烷基为例,指定的基团,在这种情况下,苯基是通过单个共价键(C0)直接键合或通过具有指定的碳原子数(在这种情况下,1至约4个碳原子)的烷基链连接。烷基的实例包括但不限于:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、3-甲基丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、和仲戊基。
“烯基”或“烯烃基”指包括一个或多个不饱和的碳-碳键的直链和支链烃链,碳-碳键可以出现在沿着链的任一稳定点。本文中所述的烯基通常具有2至约12个碳原子。优选烯基是低级烯基,那些烯基具有2至约8个碳原子,如:C2-C8、C2-C6、和C2-C4烯基。烯基的实例包括乙烯基、丙烯基、和丁烯基。
“环烷基”优选的是指具有3-15个碳原子的单环、双环、三环、桥环、螺环的环状烷基;优选的为环丙烷、环戊烷、环己烷等。
“烷氧基”是指具有通过氧桥连接的指定数量的碳原子的如上所定义的烷基。烷氧基的实例包括但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、3-己氧基、和3-甲基戊氧基。
术语“杂环”表示5-至8-元饱和环、部分不饱和环、或包含选自N、O和S的1至约4个杂原子且剩余的环原子是碳的芳族环,或是7至11元饱和环、部分不饱和环、或芳族杂环系统和10至15-元三环系统,该系统包含选自N、O和S的多环系统中的至少1个杂原子并且在多环系统中的各环中包含独立地选自N、O和S的至多约4个杂原子。除非另外指明,否则杂环可以连接至它在任何杂原子和碳原子处取代并且产生稳定结构的基团。当指明时,本文中所述的杂环可以在碳或氮原子上被取代,只要得到的化合物是稳定的。可以可选地季铵化杂环中的氮原子。优选杂环基中杂原子的总数不大于4而且优选杂环基中S和O原子的总数不大于2,更优选不大于1。杂环基的实例包括:吡啶基、吲哚基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基(pyridizinyl)、吡嗪基、咪唑基、噁唑基、呋喃基、苯硫基、噻唑基、三唑基、四唑基、异噁唑基、喹啉基、吡咯基、吡唑基、苯并[b]苯硫基(benz[b]thiophenyl)、异喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、噻吩基、异吲哚基、二氢异吲哚基、5,6,7,8-四氢异喹啉、吡啶基、嘧啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、吡唑基、吡咯烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、哌啶基、和吡咯烷基。
“芳基”或“杂芳基”表示包含选自N、O和S的1至4个、或优选1至3个杂原子并且剩余环原子为碳的稳定的5-或6-元单环或多环。当杂芳基中S和O原子的总数超过1时,这些杂原子不彼此邻近。优选杂芳基中S和O原子的总数不大于2。尤其优选杂芳基中S和O原子的总数不大于1。可以可选地季铵化杂环中的氮原子。当指明时,这些杂芳基还可以用碳或非碳原子或基团取代。这种取代可以包括与可选地包含独立地选自N、O和S的1或2个杂原子的5至7-元饱和的环基的稠合,从而形成例如[1,3]二噁唑并[4,5-c]吡啶基。杂芳基的实例包括但不限于:吡啶基、吲哚基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、咪唑基、噁唑基、呋喃基、苯硫基、噻唑基、三唑基、四唑基、异噁唑基、喹啉基、吡咯基、吡唑基、苯并[b]苯硫基、异喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、噻吩基、异吲哚基、和5,6,7,8-四氢异喹啉。
“药学上可接受的盐”或“化合物的盐”是所公开的化合物的衍生物,其中,母体化合物通过制备无毒的酸或其碱加成盐改性,并且还指这些化合物和这些盐的药用溶剂化物,包括水合物。药用盐的实例包括但不限于:碱性残基如胺类的无机或有机酸加成盐;酸性残基如羧酸的碱或有机加成盐;等等,以及包括一种或多种上述盐的组合。药用盐包括诸如从无毒无机或有机酸形成的母体化合物的无毒盐和季铵盐。例如,无毒酸性盐包括衍生自无机酸的那些,例如:盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、氨基磺酸、磷酸、硝酸等;其他可接受的无机盐包括金属盐如:钠盐、钾盐、铯盐等;碱土金属盐如:钙盐、镁盐等,以及包括一种或多种上述盐的组合。
化合物的有机盐包括由诸如乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸、丁二酸、乙醇酸、硬脂酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、扑酸、马来酸、羟基马来酸、苯乙酸、谷氨酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对氨基苯磺酸、2-乙酸基苯酸、富马酸、对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙烷二磺酸、草酸、羟乙磺酸、HOOC-(CH2)n-COOH(其中n为0至4)等的有机酸制备的盐;有机胺盐,如:三乙胺盐、吡啶盐、甲基吡啶盐、乙醇胺盐、三乙醇胺盐、二环己基胺盐、N,N'-二苄基乙二胺盐等;和氨基酸盐,如:精氨酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、谷氨酸盐等,以及包括一种或多种上述盐的组合。
附图说明
图1;OLB-1和OLB-2显著降低OGD导致的SH—SY5Y细胞死亡。
图2;OLB-1和OLB-2显著降低db/db小鼠的尿蛋白水平。
图3;OLB-1和OLB-2显著降低5*FAD小鼠海马促炎因子的水平。
图4;OLB-1和OLB-2显著降低5*FAD小鼠海马促炎因子的水平。
图5;OLB-1和OLB-2显著改善5*FAD小鼠记忆损伤。
图6;OLB-1和OLB-2对ALS转基因小鼠爬杆时间的影响。
图7;OLB-1和OLB-2对ALS转基因小鼠四肢抓力的影响。
图8;OLB-1和OLB-2显著减少APO诱导6-OHDA帕金森病大鼠的转圈数目。
具体实施方式
实施例1化合物OLB-1的合成
步骤(1):将化合物1-0(15.0g,110.3mmol)溶于冰醋酸(150ml),70℃下滴加双氧水(30%,12.5ml,110.2mmol),然后继续反应过夜。反应结束后,冷却,氢氧化钠水溶液(50%)稀释,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得粗品化合物直接溶于醋酸酐(30ml),107℃反应3小时,反应结束后,冷却,浓缩,倒入冰水稀释,氢氧化钠溶液调pH大于10,搅拌过夜,二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,硅胶柱层析得产品1-1(6.8g,41%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ5.39(s,1H),3.81(s,2H),2.42(s,3H),2.42(s,3H),2.41(s,3H)。MS(ESI)m/z:153.1[M+H]+。
步骤(2):将化合物咪唑(6.2g,90.5mmol)和叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(13.6g,90.5mmol)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(200ml),分批加入化合物2-0(5.0g,36.2mmol),室温搅拌过夜。反应结束后,水稀释,正己烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,所得粗品取一部分(3.7g)溶于甲醇(40ml),加入碘单质(0.4g)搅拌2小时,反应结束后加入硫代硫酸钠淬灭,浓缩,乙醚稀释,水洗、饱和食盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,硅胶柱层析得产品2-1(2.0g,83%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ6.92(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.69–6.49(m,2H),4.41(t,J=5.2Hz,0H),3.40(td,J=7.1,5.3Hz,2H),2.49(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),0.78(s,9H),0.07(s,6H)。MS(ESI)m/z:253.2[M+H]+。
步骤(3):氮气保护下,将化合物2-1(252mg,1mmol)和三光气(112mg,0.34mmol)溶于无水二氯甲烷(15ml),加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.1ml),室温搅拌0.5小时,然后依次加入化合物1-1(304mg,2mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(366mg,3mmol),继续在室温条件下反应过夜。反应结束后,浓缩,硅胶柱层析得产品2-2(241mg,56%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.88(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.58(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.05(s,2H),4.14(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.73(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.35(s,1H),2.31(s,1H),2.31(s,1H),0.79(s,9H),0.00(s,6H)。MS(ESI)m/z:431.2[M+H]+。
步骤(4):将化合物2-2(86mg,0.2mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(10ml),加入氢氟酸溶液(1.0ml,2.0mmol),回流反应1个小时。反应结束后,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、水、饱和食盐水洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,硅胶柱层析得产品OLB-1(54mg,86%)。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.02(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.74(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),5.24(s,2H),4.30(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.88(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.53(s,1H),2.51(s,1H),2.50(s,1H)。MS(ESI)m/z:317.2[M+H]+。
实施例2化合物OLB-2的合成
步骤(1):将化合物1-0(20g,147mmol)、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(26.7g,150mmol)和过氧化苯甲酰(50mg,0.2mmol)溶于四氯化碳(70ml),白炽灯照射下,回流反应10小时,反应结束后,过滤,浓缩得粗品1-2,直接投入下一步反应。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.54(s,2H),2.57(s,1H),2.50(s,1H),2.49(s,1H)。
步骤(2):将化合物1-2(17.5g,82mmol)、领苯二甲酰亚胺钾(21.0g,110mmol)和碘化钠(0.5g,3.3mmol)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100ml),95℃搅拌2小时。反应结束后,过滤,滤液倒入冰水中,得白色沉淀,抽滤,滤饼用乙醇重结晶得产品1-3(18.7g,81%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.01–7.79(m,4H),4.90(s,2H),2.53(s,3H),2.38(s,3H),2.21(s,3H)。MS(ESI)m/z:282.1[M+H]+。
步骤(3):将化合物1-3(2.8g,10mmol)溶于乙醇(30ml),加入水合肼(50%,1.0ml),回流2小时。反应结束后,过滤,盐酸调pH到1~2,过滤,浓缩,加入氢氧化钠溶液(20%)搅拌,二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩得产品1-4(0.83g,55%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.07(dd,J=5.9,3.3Hz,1H),7.84(dd,J=5.9,3.3Hz,1H),3.81(s,2H),2.42(s,3H),2.42(s,3H),2.41(s,3H)。MS(ESI)m/z:152.1[M+H]+。
步骤(4):氮气保护下,将化合物2-1(252mg,1mmol)和三光气(112mg,0.34mmol)溶于无水二氯甲烷(15ml),加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.1ml),室温搅拌0.5小时,然后依次加入化合物1-4(302mg,2mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(366mg,3mmol),继续在室温条件下反应过夜。反应结束后,浓缩,硅胶柱层析得产品2-3(265mg,62%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.90(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.58(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.24(d,J=3.5Hz,2H),4.11(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.71(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.30(s,9H),0.79(s,9H),0.00(s,6H)。MS(ESI)m/z:430.2[M+H]+。
步骤(5):将化合物2-3(85mg,0.2mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(10ml),加入氢氟酸溶液(1.0ml,2.0mmol),回流反应1个小时。反应结束后,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、水、饱和食盐水洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,硅胶柱层析得产品OLB-2(51mg,81%)。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.06(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),6.76(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),4.42(d,J=3.8Hz,2H),4.28(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.88(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.42(s,3H),2.42(s,3H),2.41(s,3H)。MS(ESI)m/z:316.2[M+H]+。
实施例3:OLB-1和OLB-2显著降低OGD导致的SH—SY5Y细胞死亡
MTT法检测评价TMP(川芎嗪)及其衍生物的神经保护作用.培养细胞,收集对数期细胞,调整细胞悬液浓度,加药处理及OGD4h孵育后,加入含MTT的培养液,孵育4h,小心吸去孔内培养液,每孔加入150ulDMSO(二甲基亚砜),置摇床上低速振荡10min,使结晶物充分溶解,在酶联免疫检测仪OD(吸光)值490nm处测量各孔的吸光值(同时设置调零孔(培养基、MTT、二甲基亚砜),对照孔(细胞、相同浓度的药物溶解介质、培养液、MTT、二甲基亚砜)).数据表示为平均值±SEM;每组n=8。单因素方差分析和多重比较显示两组之间存在差异.a,p<0.001vs.对照组;b,p<0.05vs OGD组;c,p<0.001vs.OGD组。
通过图1可以看出OLB-1和OLB-2可以显著降低OGD导致的SH—SY5Y细胞死亡,具有神经保护作用。
实施例4:OLB-1和OLB-2显著降低LPS所致炎症因子升高和氧化应激
将SH-SY5Y细胞复苏培养,取对数生长期细胞,将培养24小时后的SH-SY5Y神经母细胞瘤细胞经1μM全反式维甲酸处理诱导分化后,接种到6孔培养皿培养24小时.培养液中加药0.2uM(L)或1uM(H)及1μg/mL LPS处理24小时,吸取上清培养液,用ELISA试剂盒测定炎症因子及氧化应激的相关蛋白变化.数据表示为平均值±SEM;每组n=8.单因素方差分析和多重比较显示两组之间存在差异.a,p<0.05vs.LPS组;b,p<0.01vs LPS组;c,p<0.001vs.LPS组。
表1
表2
WT | LPS | LPS+TMP(L) | LPS+TMP(H) | |
SOD(nU/ml) | 20.49±1.09 | 9.40±0.77 | 9.57±0.61 | 8.93±0.47 |
MDA(nmol/mg) | 0.35±0.02 | 23.75±1.29 | 23.34±1.71 | 22.94±1.33 |
GSH-Px(umol/mg) | 20.59±1.05 | 5.90±0.58 | 5.96±0.74 | 6.90±0.87 |
LPS+OLB01(L) | LPS+OLB01(H) | LPS+OLB02(L) | LPS+OLB02(H) | |
SOD(nU/ml) | 12.58±0.72(b) | 16.76±0.38(c) | 12.13±0.65(b) | 15.16±1.52(c) |
MDA(nmol/mg) | 16.15±1.26(c) | 10.51±0.74(c) | 15.75±0.95(c) | 9.37±0.73(c) |
GSH-Px(umol/mg) | 8.39±0.69(c) | 13.71±0.84(c) | 7.93±1.05(b) | 13.40±1.24(c) |
通过表1和表2,可以看出OLB-1和OLB-2显著降低LPS所致炎症因子升高和氧化应激,具有较强的抗炎和抗氧化作用。
实施例5:OLB-1和OLB-2显著改善db/db小鼠的糖、脂代谢异常
实验设立正常对照组和模型小鼠给予生理盐水10ml/kg/d,盐酸二甲双胍肠溶片225mg/kg/d,TMP(川芎嗪)(5.0mg/kg,0.037mmol/kg),OLB-3(13.32mg/kg,0.037mmol/kg)体积10mL/kg,1次/d,连续给药56天取血后测定血脂及血糖相关指标.数据表示为平均值±SEM;每组n=6.单因素方差分析和多重比较显示两组之间存在差异.a,p<0.05vs.db/db组;c,p<0.001vs.db/db组。
表3
通过表3可以看出OLB-1和OLB-2显著改善糖、脂代谢异常,降低总胆固醇和甘油三酯,降低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,降低尿素和肌酐。
实施例6:OLB-1和OLB-2显著降低db/db小鼠的尿蛋白水平
实验设立正常对照组和模型小鼠给予生理盐水10ml/kg/d,氯沙坦10mg/kg,TMP(川芎嗪)(5.0mg/kg,0.037mmol/kg),OLB-1(11.7mg/kg,0.037mmol/kg),OLB-2(11.67mg/kg,0.007mmol/kg),体积10mL/kg,1次/d,连续给药90d天后取尿测定尿蛋白水平.数据表示为平均值±SEM;每组n=6.单因素方差分析和多重比较显示两组之间存在差异.a,p<0.05vs.db/db组;c,p<0.001vs.db/db组。
如图2中所示,OLB-1和OLB-2显著降低尿蛋白水平。
实施例7:OLB-1和OLB-2显著改善db/db小鼠的生化和代谢指标
正常对照组和模型小鼠给予生理盐水10ml/kg/d,络沙坦15mg/kg/d,TMP(5.0mg/kg,0.037mmol/kg),OLB-1(2.31mg/kg,0.007mmol/kg),OLB-2(2.3mg/kg,0.007mmol/kg),体积10mL/kg,1次/d,连续给药90d天后测定血脂及血糖相关指标.数据表示为平均值±SEM;每组n=6.单因素方差分析和多重比较显示两组之间存在差异.a,p<0.05vs.db/db组;b,p<0.01vs db/db组;c,p<0.001vs.db/db组。
表4
尿白蛋白/肌酐(mg/g) | 尿素(mmol/L) | 肌酐(μmol/L) | |
WT | 46.57±12.31 | 6.86±0.25 | 38.25±1.33 |
db/db | 771.16±98.73 | 12.06±0.81 | 54.62±3.34 |
db/db+Losartan | 522.59±103.42(c) | 7.23±0.51(c) | 42.12±1.72(c) |
db/db+TMP | 687.35±79.04 | 11.55±0.59 | 52.5±3.76 |
db/db+OLB1 | 438.69±83.23(c) | 8.03±0.61(c) | 48.7±3.68(a) |
db/db+OLB2 | 477.51±90.68(c) | 7.48±0.35(c) | 46.28±2.76(b) |
通过上表可以看出OLB-1和OLB-2显著db/db小鼠的生化和代谢指标,降低尿素和肌酐。
实施例8:OLB-1和OLB-2在神经退行性疾病中的应用
OLB-1和OLB-2显著降低5*FAD小鼠海马促炎因子的水平
6月龄5*FAD小鼠经OLB-1和OLB-2处理3个月后,ELISA检测小鼠海马IL-1β(A)和TNFα(B)的水平。5*FAD小鼠分别经过低剂量和高剂量的OLB-1(低剂量:2.31mg/kg,0.007mmol/kg;高剂量:11.70mg/kg,0.037mmol/kg,下同)和OLB-2(低剂量:2.3mg/kg,0.007mmol/kg;高剂量:11.67mg/kg,0.037mmol/kg,下同)及TMP(5.0mg/kg,0.037mmol/kg,下同)处理。数据表示为平均值±SEM;每组n=5-6.单因素方差分析和多重比较显示两组之间存在差异.**p<0.01,***p<0.001vs.WT组;#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001vs.5*FAD组。
如图3和图4所示,OLB-1和OLB-2显著降低促炎因子TNF-α和IL-1β。
OLB-1和OLB-2显著改善5*FAD小鼠记忆损伤
6月龄5*FAD小鼠经OLB-1和OLB-2处理3个月后,电跳台检测小鼠调下平台的错误次数。5*FAD小鼠分别经过低剂量和高剂量的OLB-1(低剂量:2.31mg/kg,0.007mmol/kg;高剂量:11.70mg/kg,0.037mmol/kg)和OLB-2(低剂量:2.3mg/kg,0.007mmol/kg;高剂量:11.67mg/kg,0.037mmol/kg)及TMP(5.0mg/kg,0.037mmol/kg)处理。数据表示为平均值±SEM;每组n=10.单因素方差分析和多重比较显示两组之间存在差异.***p<0.001vs.WT组;#p<0.05,##p<0.01vs.5*FAD组。
如图5所示,OLB-1和OLB-2显著改善记忆损伤。
OLB-1和OLB-2对ALS转基因小鼠爬杆时间的影响
爬杆实验常被用于评估小鼠四肢运动协调能力和运动迟延现象.自制长约50cm,直径大约为1cm的木杆,杆上缠有医用纱布以增加木杆摩擦力。木杆垂直放于水平的桌面上,抓住小鼠尾巴使小鼠的头朝下,其四肢抓住杆顶,放开小鼠尾巴后,开始计时,保证小鼠在不受外力的作用下向下爬行,记录小鼠从杆顶爬到底部平台的时间(统一以后肢着地为准)。小鼠在给药前连续训练该行为学3天,每只小鼠进行三次重复试验,剔除不达标的小鼠。给药开始后,每两周测试一次行为学,测试结果的最大值不超过15秒,超过15秒的数值按15秒记录.计算小鼠三次爬杆时间的平均值作为最终的爬杆时间.ALS(SOD-G93A)转基因小鼠在发病后出现明显的运动迟缓现象,表现为爬杆时间明显长于对照小鼠,并且随年龄增长,其运动迟缓现象愈发严重,而给予不同剂量的OLB-1、OLB-2、TMP及利鲁唑治疗后,发现OLB-1、OLB-2及阳性对照药物利鲁唑(5mg/kg)均能显著改善其运动迟缓症状。数据表示为平均值±SEM;每组n=10.单因素方差分析和多重比较显示两组之间存在差异.***p<0.001vs.WT(正常对照)组;#p<0.05,##p<0.01vs.ALS(SOD-G93A)组。
如图6所示,OLB-1和OLB-2对ALS具有治疗作用,显著缩短爬杆时间,改善运动迟缓。
OLB-1和OLB-2对ALS转基因小鼠四肢抓力的影响
四肢抓力实验被直接用于评估小鼠的肌肉力量.将小鼠轻放于握力板中央台上,轻轻拉动小鼠尾部,促使小鼠抓住握力板,待小鼠用力抓住握力网时及时水平后拉,等到仪器出现最大抓力的数值时,记录数据。给药开始以后,每两周测试一次小鼠的抓力值,每只小鼠重复测量三遍,取三次结果中的最大数值作为小鼠的最大抓力值.ALS转基因小鼠进入发病期后,其四肢抓力明显小于WT小鼠,而给予不同剂量的OLB-1、OLB-2、TMP及利鲁唑治疗后,发现OLB-1、OLB-2及阳性对照药物利鲁唑(5mg/kg)均能均能有效增加小鼠四肢抓力,并延缓ALS小鼠四肢抓力下降的恶化.数据表示为平均值±SEM;每组n=10.单因素方差分析和多重比较显示两组之间存在差异.**p<0.01,***p<0.001vs.WT(正常对照)组;#p<0.05,##p<0.01vs.ALS(SOD-G93A)组。
图7所示,OLB-1和OLB-2对ALS具有治疗作用,显著提升四肢抓力,增强肌肉力量。
OLB-1和OLB-2显著减少APO诱导6-OHDA帕金森病大鼠的转圈数目
造模3周后对大鼠的转圈数值进行记录,诱导大鼠旋转,观察在安静宽敞的环境下大鼠的行为学变化.假手术组无转圈,注射6-OHDA各组无显著差异,转圈大约180圈。治疗2个周后,生理盐水治疗的模型组大鼠的转圈数目有所增加,给不同剂量OLB-1和OLB-2、TMP及阳性对照药L-dopa 2周后结果:不同剂量的OLB-1和OLB-2和阳性对照左旋多巴(25mg/kg)治疗后可有效减少APO诱导的6-OHDA大鼠的转圈数目。相比于6-OHDA模型组,OLB-1和OLB-2处理的大鼠转圈数目具有显著性减少.数据表示为平均值±SEM;每组n=9-10.单因素方差分析和多重比较显示两组之间存在差异.*p<0.05,**p<0.01vs.before 6-OHDA组。
图8所示,OLB-1和OLB-2对帕金森具有治疗作用,显著减少转圈数目。
以上描述是本发明的一般性描述。根据情况或实际需要,可进行形式的变化和等值的替代,虽然本文采用特定的术语,但这些术语意在描述,而不是为了限制的目的。本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本发明所附权利要求书所限定的范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种吡嗪类化合物、其立体异构体、互变异构体、及其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗神经退行性疾病、炎症、氧化损伤、线粒体异常相关疾病、糖尿病及相关糖尿病并发症药物中的应用,其中所述神经退行性疾病包括阿尔兹海默病、帕金森症、亨廷顿症、额颞叶痴呆(FTD)、血管性痴呆、HIV相关痴呆症、多发性硬化症、进行性脊髓侧索硬化症、弗里德赖希共济失调、神经性疼痛和/或青光眼,所述吡嗪类化合物如式I所示:
其中,X和Y各自独立地选自O,S,Se或NR6;R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6各自独立的为H、氘、卤素、羟基、胺基、羧基、酰胺基、酯基、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、烷氧基、烷基羧基、烷基酯基、-烷基-OH、烷氧基、烷胺基、-烷基-NH2、-芳基、杂芳基、碳酸酯基、氨基甲酸酯、-烷基-酰胺基、-氨基羧酸酯,或以上基团的氘代衍生物;n=0-6,m=0-5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:其中R1,R2,R3为甲基或氘代甲基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:其中R4是H或氘。
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