CN110724106B - 取代吡唑甲酸酯类衍生物及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体涉及一类结构新颖的取代吡唑甲酸酯类衍生物,以及该类化合物在制备具有镇静、催眠和/或全身麻醉作用的药物和制备能够控制癫痫持续状态的药物中的应用。
背景技术
一种咪唑类衍生物依托咪酯,化学名称为R-(+)-1-(1-苯乙基)-1-氢-咪唑-5-甲酸乙酯,是一种催眠性静脉全身麻醉药,安全范围大,曾是麻醉诱导常用的药物之一。该咪唑类衍生物临床应用已有30年的历史(Br J Anaesth.1976;48(3):213-6.PubMed:1259887;Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther.1975;214(1):92-132.PubMed:1156027;AcadEmerg Med.2006;13(4):378-83.PubMed:16531603)。依托咪酯为非巴比妥类静脉镇静药,其作用强度分别为巴比妥钠的4倍和硫喷妥钠的12倍,且全麻诱导快,给药后的苏醒、恢复也快,病人苏醒后不再出现嗜睡、眩晕及其他不良反应,因此得到了广泛的应用。其结构式如下所示,分子式为C14H16N2O2,分子量为244.29。该咪唑类衍生物不溶于水,中性溶液中不稳定。
杨森制药最早于上世纪70年代开始将依托咪酯推入临床。作为最主要研发人员,Janssen PA等在1965年发表的一篇研究报道中记录了合成依托咪酯的主要过程,且描述了如何将依托咪酯从42个类似化合物中筛选而出的经过。在明确有麻醉作用的11种化合物之中,依托咪酯在大鼠体内表现出了最好的安全性(即最高的治疗指数TI)。此外,科研人员还发现了依托咪酯的镇静催眠作用是具有立体选择性的,R构型药物的药效比S构型药物的药效高十倍(J Med Chem.1965;8:220-3.PubMed:14332665;Anesthesiology.1998;88(3):708-17.PubMed:9523815)。该咪唑类衍生物的优点十分突出,比如在现有全身麻醉药中治疗窗比较大、对循环系统的抑制比较小,这种特点尤其适用于老年人、冠心病和高血压病人、危重病人。曾经是麻醉诱导的标准药物、也被用于作为全凭静脉麻醉的药物。
但是,自上世纪八十年代以来,随着临床上的长期使用,依托咪酯的一些缺点(如苏醒质量比另一种全身麻醉药物丙泊酚略差)尤其是对肾上腺皮质功能产生抑制这一不良反应逐渐被人们所发现。有文献报道由于依托咪酯具有抑制肾上腺皮质激素的合成,从而降低危重症病人的存活率(Lancet.1983;1(8339):1434.PubMed:6134189;CritCare.2007;11(3):145.PubMed:17610749;Anesthesiology.2011;114(3):695-707.PubMed:21263301)。甚至一些研究表明麻醉诱导中使用依托咪酯也会增加住院病人的死亡率(Crit Care Med.2012;40(11):2945-53.PubMed:22971586;Anesth Analg.2013;117(6):1329-37.PubMed:24257383);许多研究者推测这种高死亡率的发生和依托咪酯抑制肾上腺皮质激素合成有关(Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2015;1:CD010225.PubMed:25568981)。同时,另一种目前临床上常用的静脉全身麻醉药丙泊酚,除了治疗窗比较小之外,麻醉诱导过程中有明显降低血压的不良反应(Crit Care.2015;19:45.PubMed:25887642),常常会增加心血管不良事件的发生。因此,设计一种新的化合物,使其既可以保留依托咪酯循环稳定的优良特点,又兼具优良的苏醒质量且不抑制肾上腺皮质激素的合成,将具有非常重要的临床意义和广阔的应用前景。
文献提示,依托咪酯可通过结构中的咪唑环与11β-羟化酶相结合,从而抑制肾上腺皮质功能,主要表现为体内皮质酮和皮质醇的合成显著减少。(N Engl J Med.1984;310(22):1415-21.PubMed:6325910;J Clin Endocrinol Metab.1984;59(6):1143-7.PMID:6092411;Anesthesiology.2010;112(3):637-44.PMID:20179500)。Atucha等(Bioorg MedChem Lett.2009;19(15):4284-7.PubMed:19497738)发现依托咪酯的酯质侧链不仅可以影响GABA受体(依托咪酯起麻醉效应的主要位点)还可以影响肾上腺皮质激素的合成。而依托咪酯的主要代谢产物依托咪酯酸相较于依托咪酯几乎没有抑制11-β羟化酶的效应(Anesthesiology.2016;125(5):943-951.PubMed:27541316)。因此,如果通过对依托咪酯的结构进行修饰减少或消除化合物本身对肾上腺皮质功能的抑制并且使化合物的代谢产物也没有对肾上腺皮质功能的影响,那么就可以减少或消除药物对肾上腺皮质功能的抑制作用。后续基于依托咪酯结构的研究,则主要集中在保留依托咪酯临床应用上的优点之外,如何降低或消除其对肾上腺皮质功能的抑制上。
比如,WO 2009/146024A1公开了一种具有提高的药物动力学性能和药效学性能的依托咪酯类似物及其作为麻醉剂的用途,并公开了该化合物可以为MOC-(R)-依托咪酯。
WO 2011/005969A2公开了一种具有提高的药物动力学性能和药效学性能的依托咪酯类似物及其作为麻醉剂的用途,并公开了该化合物可以为MOC-碳依托咪酯。
CN201380014062公开了一种能提高的药代动力学和药效学性质的美托咪酯和依托咪酯的类似物,并公开了该化合物可以为环丙基MOC-美托咪酯。
虽然科学家们后续基于依托咪酯结构的研究,主要集中在保留依托咪酯临床应用上的优点之外,如何降低或消除其对肾上腺皮质功能的抑制上。且陆续发现了诸如Dimethylmethoxycarbonyl metomidate(DMMM)和Cyclopropyl methoxycarbonylmetomidate(CPMM)等的依托咪酯类似物,但仍然还没有寻找到既保留了依托咪酯独特优点(如高效,安全),又消除了其对肾上腺皮质功能的抑制效应的化合物。
因此,设计并合成一类新型化合物,既可以保留依托咪酯循环稳定的优良特点,又可以不抑制肾上腺皮质激素并提高其持续输注后的苏醒质量,具有非常重要的临床意义和广阔的应用前景。
同时,临床上也亟需更安全的此类化合物用于制备具有镇静、催眠和/或全身麻醉作用的药物以及控制癫痫持续状态的药物。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种结构新颖的取代吡唑甲酸酯类衍生物。
本发明还提供了该取代吡唑甲酸酯类衍生物具有中枢神经系统抑制作用,并提供了该取代吡唑甲酸酯类衍生物在制备具有镇静、催眠和/或麻醉作用的药物中的应用,以及在制备能够控制癫痫持续状态的药物中的应用。
本发明提供了式Ⅰ所示的化合物、或其立体异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其溶剂合物、或其前体药物、或其代谢产物、或其氘代衍生物:
R1各自独立地选自氘、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-OR32、-C(O)R31、-CO2R31、-CON(R32)2、-N(R32)2、-OC(O)R31、-SO2R31、取代或未取代的3~8元杂环基、取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的C2-8烯基、取代或未取代的C2-8炔基;
其中,R31各自独立地选自氘、R32、取代或未取代的C2-8烯基、取代或未取代的C2-8炔基;R32各自独立地选自氢、取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、取代或未取代的C3-8环烷基、取代或未取代的3~8元杂环基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的杂芳基;所述取代基为氘、氰基、羟基、羧基、卤素、C3-8环烷基或其卤代或氘代物、3~8元杂环基或其卤代或氘代物、芳基或其卤代或氘代物、杂芳基或其卤代或氘代物;
上述R1、R31、R32中所述的取代基选自氘、氰基、羟基、羧基、卤素、C1-4烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-4烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物、C3-8元环烷基或其卤代或氘代物、3~8元杂环基或其卤代或氘代物、芳基或其卤代或氘代物、杂芳基或其卤代或氘代物;
n为0~5的整数;
R2选自氢、氘、卤素、C1-8烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-8烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物、C2-8烯基或其卤代或氘代物、C2-8炔基或其卤代或氘代物、3~8元杂环基或其卤代或氘代物;
R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代C1-8烷基;所述取代基为氘、卤素、C1-8烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-8烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物、C3-8环烷基或其卤代或氘代物、3~8元杂环基或其卤代或氘代物、芳基或其卤代或氘代物、杂芳基或其卤代或氘代物;
X选自O、S或NR30,其中,R30选自氢、氘或C1-8烷基;
L1和L2各自独立地选自无、取代或未取代的C1-8亚烷基;所述取代基为氘、氰基、羟基、羧基、卤素、C1-8烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C2-8烯基或其卤代或氘代物、C2-8炔基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-8烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物、C3-8环烷基或其卤代或氘代物、3~8元杂环基或其卤代或氘代物、芳基或其卤代或氘代物、杂芳基或其卤代或氘代物;
L1和L2可连接在A环的同位或异位的原子上;
m为0~4的整数;
A环为无,或者,A环选自3~8元饱和碳环、3~8元不饱和碳环、3~8元饱和杂环或3~8元不饱和杂环;
R5选自氢、氘、卤素、丙二烯基、取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、-OR33、-SR33、-OC(O)R34、C3-8元环烷基、3~8元杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、-N(R33)2、-C(O)R34、-C(S)R34、-S(O)R34、-CON(R33)2、-SO2R34、取代或未取代的C2-8烯基、取代或未取代的C2-8炔基、氰基、异氰基、异硫氰基、硝基、-L33-R36或=R39;
L33选自C1-4亚烷基;
R36选自氰基、硝基、-OC(O)R34、-C(O)R34、-S(O)R34、-C(O)N(R33)2;
R33选自氢、甲基磺酰基、-L31-COO-L32、取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-8烷基、C3-8元环烷基、3~8元杂环基、芳基、杂芳基;
R34选自R33、氘、取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基或-S-C1-8烷基;
L31选自取代或未取代的C1-8亚烷基;L32选自取代或未取代的C1-8烷基;
上述R5、R33、R34中所述的取代基选自氘、氰基、羟基、羧基、卤素、C1-4烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-4烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物、C3-8元环烷基或其卤代或氘代物、3~8元杂环基或其卤代或氘代物、芳基或其卤代或氘代物、杂芳基或其卤代或氘代物、-S-C1-4烷基、二取代环酮基、=R39、C2-8烯基或C2-8炔基;
R39选自O、S、NR40或C(R41)2,R40选自氢、卤素、C1-4烷基或其卤代或氘代物;R41选自R40或氘。
进一步地,
R1各自独立地选自氘、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-OR32、-C(O)R31、-CO2R31、-CON(R32)2、-N(R32)2、-OC(O)R31、C1-3烷基、C2-3烯基、C2-3炔基;
其中,R31各自独立地选自氘、R32、C2-3烯基、C2-3炔基;R32各自独立地选自氢、C1-3烷基;
或,n为0~2的整数;
或,R2选自氢、氘、卤素、C1-3烷基或其卤代或氘代物。
进一步地,
所述化合物如式Ⅱ所示:
R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-4烷基;所述取代基为氘、卤素、C1-4烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-4烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物、C3-6环烷基或其卤代或氘代物、3~6元杂环基或其卤代或氘代物;
X选自O或S;
L1和L2各自独立地选自无、取代或未取代的C1-4亚烷基;所述取代基为氘、氰基、羟基、羧基、卤素、C1-4烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C2-4烯基或其卤代或氘代物、C2-4炔基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-4烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物、C3-5环烷基或其卤代或氘代物、3~5元杂环基或其卤代或氘代物、芳基或其卤代或氘代物、杂芳基或其卤代或氘代物;
L1和L2可连接在A环的同位或异位的原子上;
m为0~4的整数;
A环为无,或者,A环选自3~6元饱和碳环、3~6元不饱和碳环、3~6元饱和杂环或3~6元不饱和杂环;
R5选自氢、氘、卤素、丙二烯基、取代或未取代的C1-8烷基、-OR33、-SR33、-OC(O)R34、C3-8元环烷基、3~8元杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、-N(R33)2、-C(O)R34、-C(S)R34、-S(O)R34、-CON(R33)2、-SO2R34、取代或未取代的C2-8烯基、取代或未取代的C2-8炔基、氰基、异氰基、异硫氰基、硝基、-L33-R36或=R39;
L33选自C1-4亚烷基;
R36选自氰基、硝基、-OC(O)R34、-C(O)R34、-S(O)R34、-C(O)N(R33)2;
R33选自氢、甲基磺酰基、取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-8烷基、C3-8元环烷基、3~8元杂环基、芳基、杂芳基;
R34选自R33、氘、取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-8烷氧基、C2-8烯基、C2-8炔基;
上述R5、R33、R34中所述的取代基选自氘、氰基、羟基、羧基、卤素、C1-4烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-4烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物、C3-8元环烷基或其卤代或氘代物、3~8元杂环基或其卤代或氘代物、芳基或其卤代或氘代物、杂芳基或其卤代或氘代物、-S-C1-4烷基、二取代环酮基、=R39、C2-6烯基或C2-6炔基;
R39选自O、S、NR40或C(R41)2,R40选自氢、卤素、C1-4烷基或其卤代或氘代物;R41选自R40或氘。
进一步地,
R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-4烷基;所述取代基为氘、卤素、C1-4烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-4烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物、C3-6环烷基或其卤代或氘代物、3~6元杂环基或其卤代或氘代物;
或,L1和L2各自独立地选自无、取代或未取代的C1-4亚烷基;所述取代基为氘、氰基、羟基、羧基、卤素、C1-4烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C2-4烯基或其卤代或氘代物、C2-4炔基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-4烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物、C3-5环烷基或其卤代或氘代物、3~5元杂环基或其卤代或氘代物、芳基或其卤代或氘代物、杂芳基或其卤代或氘代物;
m为0~4的整数;
或,A环为无,或者,A环选自3~6元饱和碳环、3~6元不饱和碳环、3~6元饱和杂环或3~6元不饱和杂环;
或,R5选自氢、氘、卤素、丙二烯基、取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、-OR33、-SR33、-OC(O)R34、C3-8元环烷基、3~8元杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、-N(R33)2、-C(O)R34、-C(S)R34、-S(O)R34、-CON(R33)2、-SO2R34、取代或未取代的C2-6烯基、取代或未取代的C2-6炔基、氰基、异氰基、异硫氰基、=R39;
R33选自氢、甲基磺酰基、取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-4烷基、C3-8元环烷基、3~8元杂环基、芳基、杂芳基;
R34选自R33、氘、取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-4烷氧基、C2-4烯基、C2-4炔基;
上述R5、R33、R34中所述的取代基选自氘、氰基、羟基、羧基、卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C3-8元环烷基、3~8元杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、-S-C1-4烷基、二取代环酮基、=R39、C2-4烯基或C2-4炔基;
R39选自O、S、NR40或C(R41)2,R40选自氢、卤素、C1-4烷基或其卤代或氘代物;R41选自R40或氘。
进一步地,
R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-2烷基;所述取代基为氘、卤素、C1-2烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-2烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物;
或,L1和L2各自独立地选自无、取代或未取代的C1-3亚烷基;所述取代基为氘、卤素、C1-3烷基或其卤代或氘代物、C2-3烯基或其卤代或氘代物、C2-3炔基或其卤代或氘代物、C1-3烷氧基或其卤代或氘代物;
m为0~3的整数;
或,A环为无,或者,A环选自3~6元饱和碳环、3~6元不饱和碳环或3~6元饱和杂环;
或,R5选自氢、氘、卤素、丙二烯基、取代或未取代的C1-4烷基、-OR33、-SR33、-OC(O)R34、C3-8元环烷基、3~8元杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、-N(R33)2、-C(O)R34、-C(S)R34、-S(O)R34、-CON(R33)2、-SO2R34、取代或未取代的C2-4烯基、取代或未取代的C2-4炔基、氰基、异氰基、异硫氰基、=R39;
R33选自氢、甲基磺酰基、取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-3烷基、C3-6元环烷基、3~6元杂环基、芳基、杂芳基;
R34选自R33、氘、取代或未取代的C1-3烷氧基;
上述R5、R33、R34中所述的取代基选自氘、卤素、氰基、C1-2烷基、C1-2烷氧基、C3-6元环烷基、3~6元杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、-S-C1-2烷基、二取代环酮基、=R39、C2-4烯基或C2-4炔基;
R39选自O、S、NR40或C(R41)2,R40选自氢、卤素、C1-3烷基或其卤代或氘代物;R41选自R40或氘。
进一步地,
R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、卤代或未卤代的甲基;
或,L1和L2各自独立地选自无、取代或未取代的C1-2亚烷基;所述取代基为氘、卤素、C1-2烷基、C2-3烯基、C2-3炔基;
m为0~2的整数;
或,A环为无,或者,A环选自3~6元饱和碳环、3~6元不饱和碳环或3~6元饱和杂环;
或,R5选自氢、氘、卤素、丙二烯基、取代或未取代的C1-3烷基、-OR33、-SR33、-OC(O)R34、C3-8元环烷基、3~8元杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、-N(R33)2、-C(O)R34、-C(S)R34、-S(O)R34、-CON(R33)2、-SO2R34、取代或未取代的C2-3烯基、取代或未取代的C2-3炔基、氰基、异氰基、异硫氰基、=R39;
R33选自氢、甲基磺酰基、乙酰基、C1-3烷基;
R34选自R33、氘、C1-3烷氧基;
上述R5中所述的取代基选自氘、卤素、氰基、C1-2烷基、3~5元杂环基、-S-CH3、二取代环酮基、=R39、C2-4烯基或C2-4炔基;
R39选自O、S、NR40或C(R41)2,R40选自氢、卤素、C1-3烷基;R41选自R40或氘。
进一步地,
所述化合物如式Ⅱ所示:
式II中:
A环为3~6元饱和碳环;
X选自O或S;m为0~2的整数;
R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、卤代或未卤代的甲基,优选地,R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、F、Cl、CF3;
L1和L2各自独立地选自无、被1~2个取代基取代或未取代的亚甲基;所述取代基为氘、C1-4烷基、C2-3烯基、C2-3炔基;
L1和L2可连接在A环的同位或异位的原子上;
R5选自氢、氘、C1-2烷基、丙二烯基、取代或未取代的C2-4烯基、取代或未取代的C2-4炔基、-OR33、-C(O)R34、卤素、=R39;
R33选自C1-3烷基;
R34选自R33、氘、C1-3烷氧基;
R5中所述取代基选自=R39、C2-4烯基或C2-4炔基;
R39选自O、S、CH2;
或,式II中:
X选自O或S;m为0~2的整数;
R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、卤代或未卤代的甲基,优选地,R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、F、Cl、CF3;
L1和L2各自独立地选自无、被1~2个取代基取代或未取代的亚甲基;所述取代基为氘、C1-4烷基、C2-3烯基、C2-3炔基;
R5选自氢、氘、C1-2烷基、丙二烯基、取代或未取代的C2-4烯基、取代或未取代的C2-4炔基、-OR33、-C(O)R34、卤素、=R39;
R33选自C1-3烷基;
R34选自R33、氘、C1-3烷氧基;
R5中所述取代基选自=R39、C2-4烯基或C2-4炔基;
R39选自O、S、CH2;
或,式II中:
X选自O或S;m为0~1的整数;
R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、卤代或未卤代的甲基,优选地,R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、F、Cl、CF3;
L1和L2各自独立地选自无、被1~2个取代基取代或未取代的亚甲基;所述取代基为氘、C1-4烷基、C2-3烯基、C2-3炔基;
R5选自-C(O)R34,R34选自氘、R33、C1-2烷氧基,R33选自氢、C1-2烷基;
或,式II中:
A环为无;
X选自O或S;m为0~1的整数;
R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、卤代或未卤代的甲基,优选地,R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、F、Cl、CF3;
L1和L2各自独立地选自无、被1~2个取代基取代或未取代的亚甲基;所述取代基为氘、C1-4烷基、C2-3烯基、C2-3炔基;
R33选自C1-3烷基;
R34选自氘、R33、C1-3烷氧基;
R5中所述取代基选自二取代环戊酮基、=R39、C2-4烯基或C2-4炔基,R39选自O、S、CH2。
进一步地,
所述化合物为:
本发明还提供了一种药物,它是以上述的化合物、或其立体异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其溶剂合物、或其前体药物、或其代谢产物、或其氘代衍生物、或其组合物,加上药学上可接受的辅料制备而成的制剂。
本发明还提供了上述的化合物、或其立体异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其溶剂合物、或其前体药物、或其代谢产物、或其氘代衍生物、或其组合物,在制备具有镇静、催眠、和/或麻醉作用、和/或可用于控制癫痫持续状态的药物中的用途。
本发明所述“具有镇静的药物”是指一种有效帮助睡眠和有效改善睡眠的药物。即能避免失眠对人体的严重危害,治疗失眠病,提高睡眠质量。
本发明所述“具有催眠的药物”是指一种能诱导睡意、促使睡眠的药物。即对中枢神经系统有抑制作用,小剂量引起镇静,过量导致全身麻醉。
本发明所述“具有麻醉的药物”是指由药物产生的一种中枢神经和(或)周围神经系统的可逆性功能抑制,这种抑制的特点主要是感觉特别是痛觉的丧失。
优选地,所述麻醉为全身麻醉。
本发明所述“全身麻醉”简称全麻,是指麻醉药进入体内后对中枢神经系统产生的暂时抑制,临床表现为神志消失、全身痛觉消失、遗忘、反射抑制和骨骼肌松弛。
前述化合物、或其立体异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其溶剂合物、或其前体药物、或其代谢产物在制备能够控制癫痫持续状态的药物中的应用。
本发明所述的“癫痫持续状态”是指癫痫连续发作之间意识未完全恢复又频繁再发,或发作持续30分钟以上不自行停止。长时间癫痫发作,若不及时治疗,可因高热、循环衰竭或神经元兴奋毒性损伤导致不可逆的脑损伤,致残率和病死率很高,因而癫痫状态是内科常见的急症。
本发明提供了一种药物,它是以前述的化合物、或其立体异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐、或其溶剂合物、或其前体药物、或其代谢产物、或其氘代衍生物,加上药学上可接受的辅料制备而成的制剂。
本发明中提供的化合物和衍生物可以根据IUPAC(国际纯粹与应用化学联合会)或CAS(化学文摘服务社,Columbus,OH)命名系统命名。
关于本发明的使用术语的定义:除非另有说明,本文中基团或者术语提供的初始定义适用于整篇说明书的该基团或者术语;对于本文没有具体定义的术语,应该根据公开内容和上下文,给出本领域技术人员能够给予它们的含义。
“取代”是指分子中的一个或两个以上的氢原子被其它不为氢的原子或分子所替换,包括该分子中同位原子或异位原子上的1个或两个以上取代。
本发明中所述化合物的结构均是指能够稳定存在的结构。
“氘”是指氢(H)的同位素,也被称为重氢,元素符号一般为D或2H。
碳氢基团中碳原子含量的最小值和最大值通过前缀表示,例如,前缀(Ca~Cb)烷基表明任何含“a”至“b”个碳原子的烷基。因此,例如,C1~C8烷基是指包含1~8个碳原子的烷基。C1~C8烷基是指含有一个至八个碳原子的直链或支链的烃链。
“烷基”是烷烃分子中少掉一个氢原子而成的烃基,例如甲基-CH3,乙基-CH3CH2等。
“亚烷基”是指烷烃分子中少掉两个氢原子而成的烃基,例如亚甲基-CH2-,亚乙基-CH2CH2-等。“C1-8亚烷基”是指含有一个至八个碳原子的直链或支链的烃链。
“取代或未取代的C1-8烷基”是指C1-8烷基可以是被取代的,也可以没有取代基的。
本发明中“A环为无”是指L1和L2通过化学键直接连接。
本发明所述“A环为3~6元饱和碳环”中的“3~6元饱和碳环”是指由3~6个碳原子组成的碳环,其中该碳环中无双键。
本发明所述“A环为3~6元不饱和碳环”中的“3~6元不饱和碳环”是指由3~6个碳原子组成的碳环,其中该碳环中含有双键。
本发明所述“A环为3~6元饱和杂环”中的“3~6元饱和杂环”是指没有双键的饱和的杂环,其中该杂环中携带至少一个选自O、S或取代的氮原子,其余环原子为碳。
本发明所述“A环为3~6元不饱和杂环”中的“3~6元不饱和碳环”是指含有双键的饱和的杂环,其中该杂环中携带至少一个选自O、S或取代的氮原子,其余环原子为碳。
“炔基”是指具有至少一个碳-碳三键的脂肪族碳氢基团。所述的炔基可以是直链或支链的。当炔基前具有碳原子数限定(如C2-8炔基)时,例如,术语“C2-8炔基”指具有2-8个碳原子的直链或支链炔基。
“烯基”是指具有至少一个碳-碳双键的脂肪族碳氢基团。所述的烯基可以是直链或支链的。当烯基前具有碳原子数限定(如C2-8烯基)时,例如,术语“C2-8烯基”指具有2-8个碳原子的直链或支链烯基。
卤素为氟、氯、溴或碘。
“芳基”指具有共轭的π电子体系的全碳单环或稠合多环(也就是共享毗邻碳原子对的环)基团,例如苯基和萘基。所述芳基环可以稠合于其它环状基团(包括饱和和不饱和环),但不能含有杂原子如氮,氧,或硫,同时连接母体的点必须在具有共轭的π电子体系的环上的碳原子上。芳基可以是取代的或未取代的。
“杂芳基”指包含一个到多个杂原子的杂芳族基团。这里所指的杂原子包括氧、硫和氮。例如呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吡唑基、吡咯基、N-烷基吡咯基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、吡唑基、四唑基等。所述杂芳基环可以稠合于芳基、杂环基或环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为杂芳基环。杂芳基可以是任选取代的或未取代的。
“环烷基”指饱和或不饱和的环状烃取代基;环状烃可以是单环也可以是多环。例如,“C3-8环烷基”指碳原子数为3~8的环烷基。
“3~8元杂环基”指饱和或不饱和的环状烃取代基;环状烃可以是单环也可以是多环,且携带至少一个选自O、S或取代的氮原子的环烷基,其余环原子为碳。
“C1-4烷基或其卤代或氘代物”是指C1-4烷基、被卤素或氘取代的C1-4烷基。其它关于“或其卤代或氘代物”具有类似的定义。
本发明的所有化合物之中,各手性碳原子(手性中心)可以任选地为R构型或S构型,或R构型和S构型的混合物。
“药学上可以接受的载体”指的是:一种或多种相容性固体或液体填料或凝胶物质,它们适合于人使用,而且必须有足够的纯度和足够低的毒性。“相容性”在此指的是组合物中各组份能和本发明的化合物以及它们之间相互掺和,而不明显降低化合物的药效。药学上可以接受的载体部分例子有纤维素及其衍生物(如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素钠、纤维素乙酸酯等)、明胶、滑石、固体润滑剂(如硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁)、硫酸钙、植物油(如豆油、芝麻油、花生油、橄榄油等)、多元醇(如丙二醇、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇等)、乳化剂(如)、润湿剂(如十二烷基硫酸钠)、着色剂、调味剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、无热原水等。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”指本发明化合物与药学上可接受的无机酸和有机酸所形成的盐,适合与对象(例如,人)的组织接触,而不会产生不适度的副作用的盐。其中,优选的无机酸包括(但并不限于):盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硝酸、硫酸;优选的有机酸包括(但并不限于):甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁二酸、萘二磺酸(1,5)、亚细亚酸、草酸、酒石酸、乳酸、水杨酸、苯甲酸、戊酸、二乙基乙酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、庚二酸、己二酸、马来酸、苹果酸、氨基磺酸、苯丙酸、葡糖酸、抗坏血酸、烟酸、异烟酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸,以及氨基酸。
术语“药学上可接受的溶剂合物”指本发明化合物与药学上可接受的溶剂形成溶剂合物,其中,所述药学上可接受的溶剂包括(但并不限于):水、乙醇、甲醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷。
如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的立体异构体”指本发明化合物所涉及手性碳原子可以为R构型,也可以为S构型,或其组合。
本发明化合物或其组合物及使用方法:
本发明化合物及其各种晶型,药学上可接受的无机或有机盐,水合物或溶剂合物,以及含有本发明化合物为主要活性成分的药物组合物可用于实施镇静、催眠和/或全身麻醉。本发明化合物也可用于控制癫痫持续状态等。
本发明的药物组合物包含安全有效量范围内的本发明化合物或其药理上可接受的盐及药理上可以接受的赋形剂或载体。
本发明化合物或药物组合物的使用方式包括(但并不限于):胃内、肠内、肠胃外(静脉内、肌肉内或皮下)、口服和各种局部给药。
用于肠胃外(静脉内、肌肉内、皮下)注射的组合物可包含生理上可接受的无菌含水或无水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液,和用于重新溶解成无菌的可注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的含水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶剂或赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。在这些固体剂型中,活性化合物与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合,如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,或与下述成分混合:(a)填料或增容剂,例如,淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸;(b)粘合剂,例如,羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;(c)保湿剂,例如,甘油;(d)崩解剂,例如,琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些复合硅酸盐、和碳酸钠;(e)缓溶剂,例如石蜡;(f)吸收加速剂,例如,季胺化合物;(g)润湿剂,例如鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(h)吸附剂,例如,高岭土;和(i)润滑剂,例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠,或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂中,剂型也可包含缓冲剂。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆或酊剂。除了活性化合物外,液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂,例知,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油或这些物质的混合物等。
固体剂型如片剂、糖丸、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂可采用包衣和壳材制备,如肠衣和其它本领域公知的材料。它们可包含不透明剂,并且,这种组合物中活性化合物或化合物的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道内的某一部分中释放。可采用的包埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。必要时,活性化合物也可与上述赋形剂中的一种或多种形成微胶囊形式。
用于局部给药的本发明化合物的剂型包括软膏剂、散剂、贴剂、喷射剂和吸入剂。活性成分在无菌条件下与生理上可接受的载体及任何防腐剂、缓冲剂,或必要时可能需要的推进剂一起混合。
除了这些惰性稀释剂外,组合物也可包含助剂,如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料。
除了活性化合物外,悬浮液可包含悬浮剂,例如,乙氧基化异十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、甲醇铝和琼脂或这些物质的混合物等。
本发明化合物可以单独给药,或者与其他药学上可接受的化合物联合给药。
使用药物组合物时,是将安全有效量的本发明化合物适用于需要治疗的哺乳动物(如人),其中施用时剂量为药学上认为的安全和有效给药剂量。
使用药物组合物时,是将安全有效量的本发明化合物适用于需要治疗的哺乳动物(如人),其中施用时剂量为药学上认为的有效给药剂量,对于60公斤体重的人而言,日给药剂量通常为1~2000毫克,优选5~500毫克。当然,具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、病人健康状况等因素,这些都是熟练医师技能范围之内的。
本发明所述“室温”为25±5℃。
本发明所述“过夜”为12±1小时。
本发明所述“1N的HCl”为1mol/L的HCl。
本发明提供了式Ⅰ所示的化合物,该化合物是一种结构新颖的取代吡唑甲酸酯类衍生物,该化合物对中枢神经系统具有较好的抑制作用,可用于制备具有镇静、催眠和/或麻醉作用的药物,以及用于制备能够控制癫痫持续状态的药物,为临床上筛选和/或制备具有镇静、催眠和/或麻醉作用及控制癫痫持续状态等的药物提供了一种新的选择。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1:本发明化合物对肾上腺皮质功能的影响;*表示与0.9%NaCl组相比有统计学意义。
图2:本发明化合物对平均动脉压(MAP)的影响(实测值);备注:(1)所有试验动物均在给药结束后1min内翻正反射消失;(2)图中横坐标的0min代表给药结束;(3)各化合物或药物翻正反射恢复的时间分别是PRO:645s(10.75min);ETO:440s(7.33min);化合物3:133s(2.22min);化合物4:174s(2.90min);化合物8:139s(2.32min);化合物12:80s(1.34min);化合物24:126s(2.10min);化合物30:93s(1.55min);化合物34:94.2s(1.57min);化合物54:72s(1.20min);化合物76:203s(3.39min);化合物83:187s(3.12min);化合物90:278s(4.63min);化合物92:116s(1.93min)。
图3:本发明化合物对平均动脉压(MAP)的影响(变化率);备注:(1)所有试验动物均在给药结束后1min内翻正反射消失;(2)图中横坐标的0min代表给药结束;(3)各化合物或药物翻正反射恢复的时间分别是PRO:645s(10.75min);ETO:440s(7.33min);化合物3:133s(2.22min);化合物4:174s(2.90min);化合物8:139s(2.32min);化合物12:80s(1.34min);化合物24:126s(2.10min);化合物30:93s(1.55min);化合物34:94.2s(1.57min);化合物54:72s(1.20min);化合物76:203s(3.39min);化合物83:187s(3.12min);化合物90:278s(4.63min);化合物92:116s(1.93min)。
图4:本发明化合物对心率(HR)的影响(实测值);备注:(1)所有试验动物均在给药结束后1min内翻正反射消失;(2)图中横坐标的0min代表给药结束;(3)各化合物或药物翻正反射恢复的时间分别是PRO:645s(10.75min);ETO:440s(7.33min);化合物3:133s(2.22min);化合物4:174s(2.90min);化合物8:139s(2.32min);化合物12:80s(1.34min);化合物24:126s(2.10min);化合物30:93s(1.55min);化合物34:94.2s(1.57min);化合物54:72s(1.20min);化合物76:203s(3.39min);化合物83:187s(3.12min);化合物90:278s(4.63min);化合物92:116s(1.93min)。
图5:本发明化合物对心率(HR)的影响(变化率);备注:(1)所有试验动物均在给药结束后1min内翻正反射消失;(2)图中横坐标的0min代表给药结束;(3)各化合物或药物翻正反射恢复的时间分别是PRO:645s(10.75min);ETO:440s(7.33min);化合物3:133s(2.22min);化合物4:174s(2.90min);化合物8:139s(2.32min);化合物12:80s(1.34min);化合物24:126s(2.10min);化合物30:93s(1.55min);化合物34:94.2s(1.57min);化合物54:72s(1.20min);化合物76:203s(3.39min);化合物83:187s(3.12min);化合物90:278s(4.63min);化合物92:116s(1.93min)。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中使用的原料、设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品获得。
化合物的结构是通过核磁共振(NMR)或/和质谱(MS)来确定的。NMR位移(δ)以10-6(ppm)的单位给出。NMR的测定是用(Bruker Avance III 400)核磁仪,测定溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜(d6-DMSO)或者氘代氯仿(CDCl3),内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS)。
LCMS的测定用(Agilent LCMS 1260-6110)(ESI),柱子:Waters X-Bridge C18(50mm x 4.6mm x 3.5μm)。柱温:40℃;流速:2.0mL/min;流动相:在3分钟时间内从95%[water+0.05%TFA]和5%[CH3CN+0.05%TFA]梯度到0%[water+0.05%TFA]和100%[CH3CN+0.05%TFA],在此条件下保持1分钟,再在0.05分钟内梯度到95%[water+0.05%TFA]和5%[CH3CN+0.05%TFA],再保持此条件0.7分钟。
1)药材与试剂
薄层层析硅胶板使用烟台新诺化工有限公司HSGF254硅胶板,厚度为1mm。
薄层色谱法(TLC)使用烟台江友硅胶开发有限公司的产品,其规格为0.2±0.03mm。
柱层层析一般采用乳山市太阳干燥剂有限公司(山东威海)100~200目或者200~300目硅胶为载体。
2)主要仪器
JA2003N电子天平(上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司);
98-2磁力搅拌器(上海司乐仪器有限公司);
接触式调压器(浙江天正电器股份有限公司);
温控仪(上海禄霖电器有限公司);
ZF-2三用紫外仪(上海安亭电子仪器厂);
R-201旋转蒸发器(上海市申顺生物科技有限公司);
W201D恒温水浴锅(上海市申顺生物科技有限公司);
SHB-III循环水式真空泵(郑州汇成科工贸有限公司);
SHB-B95移动水泵(郑州汇成科工贸有限公司);
低温冷却循环泵(巩义市予华仪器有限公司);
旋片式真空泵(临海市永昊真空设备有限公司);
紫外线高压汞灯(北京天脉恒辉光源电器有限公司)。
通用操作A:
在室温下,将R-1-(1-苯乙基)-1H-吡唑-5羧酸或者相应吡唑3位,4位或者34位取代羧酸(1eq),DCC(1.5eq)和DMAP(1.5eq)溶解在二氯甲烷中,室温搅拌5分钟,再用注射器将相应的醇或硫醇(1.5eq)缓慢加至反应体系,室温搅拌过夜。TLC监测体系反应完全后,减压浓缩将溶剂移除,加入甲基叔丁基醚搅拌,抽滤,滤饼用甲基叔丁基醚洗涤,将滤液减压浓缩得到粗产品,经制备TLC或者硅胶柱层析纯化得到纯产品。
实施例1本发明化合物1和化合物2的制备
在冰水浴0℃下,将S-苯乙醇(2.3g,18.8mmol)加入到1H-吡唑-5羧酸乙酯(2.0g,14.3mmol)和PPh3(5.6g,21.4mmol)的THF(50mL)溶液中,然后滴加DEAD(3.7g,21.2mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液,以1mmol/min的速率滴加至体系,滴加完后缓慢升至室温搅拌过夜。经TLC监测反应完全后,将饱和食盐水(50mL)加至反应体系,用乙酸乙酯(3×15mL)萃取,合并有机相用饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品经硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/20~1/10),TLC(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/2)监测,收集Rf=0.5~0.6部分,得到目标化合物1(610mg,收率18%)和目标化合物2(91mg,收率3%)。
化合物1:ESI[M+H]+=245.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.57(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.33–7.27(m,4H),7.25–7.18(m,1H),6.86(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.59(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.42–4.16(m,2H),1.92(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.33(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物2:ESI[M+H]+=245.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.39–7.28(m,4H),7.25–7.20(m,2H),6.81(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.68(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.41(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.92(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
实施例2本发明化合物3~化合物48的制备
1、化合物A的制备
在室温下,将NaOH(3.1g,77.5mmol)一次性加至化合物1(9.5g,38.9mmol)的EtOH/H2O(25mL,1/1/1)溶液,60℃搅拌1小时。经TLC监测反应完全后,将反应液浓缩,加水(20mL)至体系,用1N的盐酸调pH到4-5后,用二氯甲烷(3×15mL)萃取,合并有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物A(6.7g,收率80%)。ESI[M+H]+=217.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.39–7.16(m,5H),7.00(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.56(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.93(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
2、目标化合物3~化合物48的制备
化合物3~化合物48的制备使用化合物A(100mg,0.41mmol)和相应的醇(0.61mmol)为原料按照通用操作A方法合成,粗产品经过制备TLC纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/5)并收集Rf=0.4~0.6部分得到无色油状目标化合物。
化合物3:104mg,ESI[M+H]+=271.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.57(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.33–7.27(m,4H),7.25–7.19(m,1H),6.90(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),6.59(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.18–3.94(m,2H),1.92(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.26–1.09(m,1H),0.66–0.48(m,2H),0.40–0.21(m,2H).
化合物4:28mg,ESI[M+H]+=271.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.56(s,1H),7.31–7.27(m,4H),7.25–7.20(m,1H),6.87(s,1H),6.67–6.51(m,1H),5.20–5.05(m,1H),2.49–2.31(m,2H),2.22–2.02(m,2H),1.91(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.88–1.78(m,1H),1.75–1.59(m,1H).
化合物5:65mg,ESI[M+H]+=273.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.33–7.20(m,5H),6.95(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),6.50(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.64–5.52(m,1H),4.99–4.87(m,2H),4.76–4.62(m,2H),1.92(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物6:46mg,ESI[M+H]+=289.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.58(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.36–7.16(m,5H),6.88(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),5.77(p,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.65–3.45(m,2H),3.43–3.22(m,2H),1.91(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物7:83mg,ESI[M+H]+=273.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.54(s,1H),7.33–7.27(m,4H),7.25–7.19(m,1H),6.77(s,1H),6.59(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.92(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.52(s,9H).
化合物8:36mg,ESI[M+H]+=315.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.63(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.32–7.16(m,5H),7.01(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.41(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.96(dd,J=24.8,7.7Hz,2H),4.77(dd,J=21.8,7.7Hz,2H),2.19(s,3H),1.92(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).
化合物9:27mg,ESI[M+H]+=299.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(s,1H),7.35–7.14(m,5H),7.00(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.54(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.91(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.89(s,3H),1.60–1.45(m,2H),1.38–1.10(m,2H).
化合物10:113mg,ESI[M+H]+=311.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59(s,1H),7.34–7.17(m,5H),6.91(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),6.53(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),5.16–4.43(m,4H),1.93(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.89(s,3H).
化合物11:69mg,ESI[M+H]+=283.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.57(s,1H),7.36–7.17(m,5H),6.95–6.83(m,1H),6.68–6.50(m,1H),5.67–5.42(m,1H),1.92(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.84(dd,J=12.9,2.1Hz,3H),1.52(t,J=6.6Hz,3H).
化合物12:52mg,ESI[M+H]+=297.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.54(s,1H),7.37–7.14(m,5H),6.79(s,1H),6.63(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),1.92(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.84(s,3H),1.71(s,3H),1.69(s,3H).
化合物13:86mg,ESI[M+H]+=283.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.57(s,1H),7.33–7.19(m,5H),6.87(t,1H),6.66–6.50(m,1H),5.60–5.47(m,1H),5.39–5.25(m,1H),4.97–4.72(m,2H),1.92(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.45–1.38(m,3H).
化合物14:21mg,ESI[M+H]+=297.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.37–7.16(m,5H),6.98–6.87(m,1H),6.62–6.49(m,1H),6.17–5.55(m,1H),5.45–4.69(m,2H),2.06–1.85(m,6H),1.82–1.59(m,3H).
化合物15:79mg,ESI[M+H]+=295.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.57(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.35–7.18(m,5H),6.97–6.84(m,1H),6.66–6.48(m,1H),5.89–5.60(m,3H),5.59–5.34(m,1H),1.92(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.57(t,J=6.5Hz,3H).
化合物16:66mg,ESI[M+H]+=309.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.54(s,1H),7.36–7.18(m,5H),6.80(s,1H),6.62(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),5.91–5.75(m,1H),5.68–5.58(m,1H),5.53–5.44(m,1H),1.92(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.76(s,3H),1.73(s,3H).
化合物17:90mg,ESI[M+H]+=339.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.32–7.18(m,5H),6.95(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.43–2.22(m,4H),2.07(s,3H),1.94(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.81–1.71(m,2H),1.72–1.63(m,2H).
化合物18:56mg,ESI[M+H]+=325.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),7.34–7.20(m,5H),6.95(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),6.48(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),2.51–2.31(m,7H),1.94(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.88–1.76(m,2H).
化合物19:8mg,ESI[M+H]+=325.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.67–7.58(m,1H),7.36–7.27(m,4H),7.25–7.20(m,1H),7.02–6.92(m,1H),6.55–6.45(m,1H),2.89–2.69(m,2H),2.67–2.57(m,1H),2.42–2.29(m,2H),2.19(s,1H),2.05–1.90(m,6H).
化合物20:61mg,ESI[M+H]+=341.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(s,1H),7.34–7.19(m,5H),7.02(s,1H),6.57–6.47(m,1H),3.55(s,3H),2.76–2.63(m,4H),2.07–1.95(m,2H),1.94(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).
化合物21:94mg,ESI[M+H]+=287.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.56(s,1H),7.34–7.27(m,4H),7.25–7.18(m,1H),6.85(s,1H),6.60(q,J=6.5Hz,1H),5.01–4.76(m,1H),1.93(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.69–1.55(m,4H),0.90(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),0.85(t,J=7.4Hz,3H).
化合物22:102mg,ESI[M+H]+=297.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.34–7.19(m,5H),6.92(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.52(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),5.03–4.70(m,4H),2.79(s,1H),1.93(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物23:105.3mg,ESI[M+H]+=269.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.57(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.35–7.19(m,5H),6.92(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),6.57(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.96–4.63(m,2H),1.92(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.86(t,J=2.4Hz,3H).
化合物24:95.6mg,ESI[M+H]+=311.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.58(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.35–7.20(m,5H),6.89(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.49(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.65(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.05–4.70(m,6H),1.92(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物25:79mg,ESI[M+H]+=301.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.35–7.17(m,5H),6.94(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),6.52(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.80–4.74(m,1H),3.65–3.55(m,1H),3.24(s,3H),2.88–2.74(m,2H),2.15–2.03(m,2H),1.92(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物26:23mg,ESI[M+H]+=297.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.35–7.18(m,5H),6.91(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.88–4.70(m,2H),4.36–4.15(m,2H),2.89–2.74(m,2H),2.75–2.39(m,3H),1.92(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物27:85mg,ESI[M+H]+=257.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.39–7.16(m,5H),6.89(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.50(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.08–5.80(m,1H),5.52–5.19(m,1H),4.98–4.58(m,1H),1.92(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).
化合物28:27mg,ESI[M+H]+=337.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.38–7.19(m,5H),6.90(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.61(s,1H),4.98–4.86(m,2H),2.38–2.25(m,2H),2.13(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),1.93(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.65–1.48(m,6H).
化合物29:112mg,ESI[M+H]+=285.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.35–7.18(m,5H),6.91(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.52(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),5.88–5.72(m,1H),5.45–5.17(m,3H),1.92(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.80–1.71(m,2H),1.05–0.82(m,3H).
化合物30:75mg,ESI[M+H]+=287.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.37–7.15(m,5H),6.90(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.86–4.77(m,2H),4.60–4.49(m,2H),1.91(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.75(s,3H).
化合物31:84mg,ESI[M+H]+=287.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.38–7.15(m,5H),6.92(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.52(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.29–4.20(m,1H),2.59–2.42(m,2H),2.27–2.00(m,4H),2.06(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.90(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).
化合物32:103mg,ESI[M+H]+=259.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.39–7.14(m,5H),6.90(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.50(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.27–5.17(m,1H),1.91(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.36(d,J=6.2Hz,3H),1.32(d,J=6.3Hz,3H).
化合物33:83mg,ESI[M+H]+=257.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.38–7.14(m,5H),6.89(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.52(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.35–4.25(m,1H),1.90(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.90–0.70(m,4H).
化合物34:31mg,ESI[M+H]+=299.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.38–7.15(m,5H),6.89(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),6.27–6.23(m,1H),5.36–5.30(m,2H),4.94–4.77(m,4H),1.92(d,J=6.9Hz,3H).
化合物35:84mg,ESI[M+H]+=337.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.37–7.14(m,5H),6.90(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.52(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),2.18–1.92(m,4H),1.91(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.86(s,3H),1.69–1.24(m,6H).
化合物36:51mg,ESI[M+H]+=313.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.34–7.15(m,5H),6.92(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.95–5.64(m,2H),5.02–4.77(m,3H),4.72(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),1.90–1.82(m,3H),1.75–1.57(m,3H).
化合物37:76mg,ESI[M+H]+=317.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.35–7.16(m,5H),6.90(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.50(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.45–4.39(m,2H),4.35–4.30(m,2H),3.34(s,2H),1.90(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.33(s,3H).
化合物38:99mg,ESI[M+H]+=301.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.38–7.15(m,5H),6.91(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.50(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.51(dd,J=6.1,2.0Hz,2H),4.42(dd,J=6.1,1.5Hz,2H),4.39–4.30(m,2H),1.91(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.35(s,3H).
化合物39:101mg,ESI[M+H]+=317.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.35–7.15(m,5H),6.89(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.49(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.25(q,J=10.9Hz,2H),3.07(d,J=9.4Hz,2H),2.94(dd,J=9.4,1.1Hz,2H),1.89(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.33(s,3H).
化合物40:82mg,ESI[M+H]+=301.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.37–7.15(m,5H),6.90(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.50(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.91(s,3H),1.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.53(s,3H),1.46(s,3H).
化合物41:38mg,ESI[M+H]+=317.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.38–7.13(m,5H),6.92(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),2.13(s,3H),1.89(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.55(s,3H),1.46(s,3H).
化合物42:70mg,ESI[M+H]+=329.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.37–7.14(m,5H),6.90(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.52(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.82–4.71(m,1H),3.80–3.69(m,1H),3.65–3.54(m,1H),2.89–2.74(m,2H),2.20–2.07(m,2H),1.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.15(d,J=6.1Hz,6H).
化合物43:15mg,ESI[M+H]+=425.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.35–7.15(m,5H),6.91(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.52(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),6.15–5.80(m,1H),3.87–3.13(m,4H),2.58–2.35(m,1H),2.18–1.11(m,18H).
化合物44:22mg,ESI[M+H]+=359.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.38–7.13(m,5H),6.91(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.09–4.94(m,1H),3.50–3.36(m,4H),2.82–2.65(m,2H),2.35–2.20(m,2H),1.90(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.19(q,J=7.0Hz,6H).
化合物45:54mg,ESI[M+H]+=327.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.35–7.18(m,5H),6.94(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.65–4.49(m,1H),4.34–4.15(m,1H),2.82–2.64(m,1H),2.50–1.93(m,5H),1.90(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.78–1.35(m,3H).
化合物46:95mg,ESI[M+H]+=355.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.38–7.15(m,5H),6.92(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.51(s,3H),2.48–2.35(m,2H),2.35–2.20(m,2H),1.90(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.81–1.75(m,2H),1.73–1.65(m,2H).
化合物47:76mg,ESI[M+H]+=325.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.09(s,1H),7.61(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.36–7.15(m,5H),6.91(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.51(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),2.67–2.63(m,2H),2.46(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.91(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.88-1.84(m,2H),1.80–1.72(m,2H).
化合物48:85mg,ESI[M+H]+=357.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.37–7.15(m,5H),6.90(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.50(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.55(s,3H),2.28–2.05(m,2H),1.94–1.76(m,5H),1.74–1.20(m,6H).
实施例3本发明化合物49和化合物50的制备
1、Ethyl 3-nitro-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(49-2)的制备
在室温下,将49-1(50g,318.3mmol)溶解在乙醇(300mL)中,在冰水浴0℃下滴加氯化亚砜(49g,412mmol),加完后在85℃反应10小时。经TLC监测反应完全后,减压浓缩得到粗产品,将其溶解在二氯甲烷(30mL)中,用饱和NaHCO3水溶液调pH=8,经二氯甲烷萃取(3×30mL),饱和食盐水洗(50mL),干燥,抽滤,浓缩滤液后得到白色固体化合物49-2(58.7g,收率99.6%)。ESI[M+H]+=186.1
2、Ethyl 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(49-3)的制备
在室温下,将49-2(58.7g,317mmol)和10%湿钯碳(6g)溶于EtOH(200mL)中,用氢气置换体系三次,在氢气下搅拌18小时。经TLC监测反应完全后,抽滤,滤饼用乙醇洗涤(3×30mL),将滤液减压浓缩得到粗产品,经过柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/5),TLC(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/1)监测,收集Rf=0.4~0.5部分,得到灰色固体化合物49-3(43.5g,收率88%)。ESI[M+H]+=156.1
3、Ethyl 3-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(49-4)的制备
在冰盐浴-10℃下,将49-3(43.5g,280mmol)溶于40%的HBF4中,加入NaNO2(20.3g,294mmol)的水溶液(30mL),在汞灯(302nm)照射下反应12小时。反应完全后,冰水浴下用1N的NaOH的水溶液调pH=7,水层用乙酸乙酯(3×50mL)萃取,合并有机相,经饱和食盐水洗涤后,干燥,抽滤,减压浓缩得到粗产品,经过柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/1),TLC(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/1)监测,收集Rf=0.4~0.5部分,得到灰色固体化合物49-4(3.4g,收率8%)。
4、目标化合物49和目标化合物50的制备
在冰水浴0℃下,将S-苯乙醇(3.4g,27.8mmol)加到49-4(3.4g,21.5mmol)和PPh3(8.4g,32.0mmol)的THF(50mL)溶液中,然后滴加DEAD(5.6g,32.2mmol)的THF(15mL)溶液,以0.5mmol/min的速率滴加至体系,滴加完后缓慢升至室温搅拌过夜。经TLC监测反应完全后,将饱和食盐水(30mL)加至反应体系,用乙酸乙酯(3×15mL)萃取,合并有机相用饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品经硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/20~1/10),TLC(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/2)监测,收集Rf=0.5~0.6部分,得到目标化合物49(4.2g,收率74%)和目标化合物50(400mg,收率7%)。
化合物49:ESI[M+H]+=263.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.35–7.21(m,5H),6.56–6.47(m,1H),6.33(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),4.41–4.17(m,2H),1.85(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.33(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物50:ESI[M+H]+=263.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.37–7.27(m,5H),6.26(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),5.58(q,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.40(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.95(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.39(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
实施例4本发明化合物51~化合物69的制备
1、化合物B的制备
在室温下,将NaOH(1.3g,32.5mmol)一次性加至化合物49(4.2g,16.0mmol)的EtOH/H2O(20mL,1/1/1)溶液,60℃搅拌1小时。经TLC监测反应完全后,将反应液浓缩,加水(20mL)至体系,用1N的盐酸调pH到4-5后,用二氯甲烷(3×15mL)萃取,合并有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压浓缩后得到白色固体化合物B(2.8g,收率75%)。ESI[M+H]+=234.9
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41–7.14(m,6H),6.55–6.36(m,2H),1.87(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).
2、目标化合物51~化合物69的制备
化合物51~化合物69的制备使用化合物B(100mg,0.43mmol)和相应的醇(0.64mmol)为原料按照通用操作A方法合成,粗产品经过制备TLC纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/5)并收集Rf=0.4~0.6部分得到无色油状目标化合物。
化合物51:84mg,ESI[M+H]+=287.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.37–7.21(m,5H),6.54–6.44(m,1H),6.39(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),4.91–4.71(m,2H),1.87(d,J=2.4Hz,3H),1.85(d,J=7.2Hz,3H).
化合物52:89mg,ESI[M+H]+=329.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.58–7.14(m,5H),6.49–6.39(m,1H),6.37(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),5.64(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.08–4.70(m,6H),1.85(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).
化合物53:32mg,ESI[M+H]+=315.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41–7.19(m,6H),6.48–6.41(m,1H),6.40(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),5.09–4.59(m,4H),2.81(s,1H),1.86(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).
化合物54:84mg,ESI[M+H]+=373.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.40–7.18(m,5H),6.52–6.43(m,1H),6.41(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),3.46(s,3H),2.51–2.37(m,2H),2.34–2.21(m,2H),1.87(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.82–1.73(m,2H),1.73–1.64(m,2H).
化合物55:88mg,ESI[M+H]+=319.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36–7.21(m,5H),6.52–6.42(m,1H),6.34(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),4.80(p,J=7.3Hz,1H),3.63(p,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.26(s,3H),2.95–2.73(m,2H),2.17–2.02(m,2H),1.84(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).
化合物56:39mg,ESI[M+H]+=305.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.35–7.21(m,5H),6.48–6.38(m,1H),6.33(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),4.80(dd,J=24.7,7.3Hz,2H),4.55(t,J=6.7Hz,2H),1.85(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.75(s,3H).
化合物57:70mg,ESI[M+H]+=291.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.37–7.20(m,5H),6.58–6.45(m,1H),6.23(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),1.84(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.52(s,9H).
化合物58:99mg,ESI[M+H]+=289.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36–7.18(m,5H),6.50–6.41(m,1H),6.35(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),4.20–3.95(m,2H),1.85(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.27–1.00(m,1H),0.68–0.48(m,2H),0.45–0.20(m,2H).
化合物59:86mg,ESI[M+H]+=289.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.37–7.19(m,5H),6.50–6.40(m,1H),6.32(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),5.19–5.04(m,1H),2.47–2.30(m,2H),2.25–2.01(m,2H),1.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.86–1.59(m,2H).
化合物60:62mg,ESI[M+H]+=307.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.39–7.18(m,5H),6.48–6.37(m,1H),6.28(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),5.75(p,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.61–3.20(m,4H),1.87(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物61:51mg,ESI[M+H]+=327.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41–7.16(m,5H),6.50–6.37(m,1H),6.30(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),5.92–5.74(m,1H),5.70–5.59(m,1H),5.55–5.40(m,1H),1.88(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.77(s,3H),1.74(s,3H).
化合物62:47mg,ESI[M+H]+=315.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45–7.16(m,5H),6.49–6.38(m,1H),6.29(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),1.89(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.85(s,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.68(s,3H).
化合物63:39mg,ESI[M+H]+=315.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.48–7.16(m,5H),6.50–6.38(m,1H),6.32(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),5.87–5.51(m,1H),5.23–4.68(m,2H),2.12–1.85(m,6H),1.80–1.59(m,3H).
化合物64:50mg,ESI[M+H]+=333.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47–7.16(m,5H),6.48–6.38(m,1H),6.29(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),5.05–4.90(m,2H),4.81–4.70(m,2H),2.21(s,3H),1.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物65:27mg,ESI[M+H]+=317.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50–7.15(m,5H),6.55–6.41(m,1H),6.30(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),6.26–6.18(m,1H),5.35–5.21(m,2H),4.97–4.71(m,4H),1.88(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).
化合物66:49mg,ESI[M+H]+=355.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.49–7.18(m,5H),6.50–6.41(m,1H),6.33(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),2.21–1.90(m,4H),1.89(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.85(s,3H),1.70–1.29(m,6H).
化合物67:93mg,ESI[M+H]+=375.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50–7.17(m,5H),6.48–6.45(m,1H),6.28(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),3.54(s,3H),2.30–2.05(m,2H),1.96–1.20(m,11H).
化合物68:58mg,ESI[M+H]+=357.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47–7.15(m,5H),6.50–6.42(m,1H),6.31(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),2.45–2.21(m,4H),2.09(s,3H),1.89(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.80–1.561(m,4H).
化合物69:32mg,ESI[M+H]+=343.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50–7.17(m,5H),6.49–6.44(m,1H),6.27(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),2.50–2.31(m,7H),1.89(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.88–1.74(m,2H).
实施例5本发明化合物70和化合物71的制备
1、Ethyl 4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(70-2)的制备
在室温下,将70-1(50g,318.3mmol)溶解在乙醇(300mL)中,在冰浴0℃下滴加氯化亚砜(49g,412mmol),加完后在85℃反应10小时。经TLC监测反应完全后,减压浓缩后得到粗产品,将其溶解在二氯甲烷(30mL)中,用饱和NaHCO3水溶液调pH=8,经二氯甲烷萃取(3×30mL),饱和食盐水洗(50mL),干燥,抽滤,浓缩滤液得到白色固体化合物2(54.8g,收率93%)。ESI[M+H]+=186.1
2、Ethyl 4-amino-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(70-3)的制备
在室温下,将70-2(54.8g,296mmol)和10%湿钯碳(5g)溶于EtOH(200mL)中,用氢气置换体系三次,在氢气下搅拌18小时。经TLC监测反应完全后,抽滤,滤饼用乙醇洗涤(3×30mL),将滤液减压浓缩得到粗产品,经过柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/5),TLC(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/1)监测,收集Rf=0.4~0.5部分,得到灰色固体化合物3(41.1g,收率89%)。ESI[M+H]+=156.1
3、Ethyl 4-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate(70-4)的制备
在冰盐浴-10℃下,将70-3(35g,226mmol)溶于40%的HBF4中,加入NaNO2(16.4g,238mmol)的水溶液(30mL),在汞灯(302nm)照射下反应12小时。反应完全后,冰水浴下用1N的NaOH的水溶液调pH=7,水层用乙酸乙酯(3×50mL)萃取,合并有机相,经饱和食盐水洗涤后,干燥,抽滤,减压浓缩得到粗产品,经过柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/1),TLC(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/1)监测,收集Rf=0.4~0.5部分,得到灰色固体化合物4(6g,收率17%)。
4、目标化合物70和目标化合物71的制备
在冰水浴0℃下,将S-苯乙醇(6.0g,49.1mmol)加到70-4(6g,37.9mmol)和PPh3(14.9g,56.8mmol)的THF(50mL)溶液中,然后滴加DEAD(9.9g,56.8mmol)的THF(15mL)溶液,以0.5mmol/min的速率滴加至体系,滴加完后缓慢升至室温搅拌过夜。经TLC监测反应完全后,将饱和食盐水(30mL)加至反应体系,用乙酸乙酯(3×15mL)萃取,合并有机相用饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品经硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/20~1/10),TLC(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/2)监测,收集Rf=0.5~0.6部分,得到目标化合物70(5.9g,收率59%)和目标化合物71(1.5g,收率15%)。
化合物70:ESI[M+H]+=263.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.35–7.20(m,5H),6.46(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.53–4.09(m,2H),1.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.34(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物71:ESI[M+H]+=263.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41–7.29(m,3H),7.27–7.23(m,2H),7.21(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),5.55(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.43(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.89(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
实施例6本发明化合物72~化合物90的制备
1、化合物C的制备
在室温下,将NaOH(1.8g,45.0mmol)一次性加至化合物70(5.9g,22.5mmol)的EtOH/H2O(20mL,1/1/1)溶液,60℃搅拌1小时。经TLC监测反应完全后,将反应液浓缩,加水(20mL)至体系,用1N的盐酸调pH到4-5后,用二氯甲烷(3×15mL)萃取,合并有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压浓缩得到白色固体化合物C(3.8g,收率72%)。ESI[M+H]+=235.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.36–7.20(m,5H),6.43(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.89(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
2、目标化合物72~化合物90的制备
化合物72~化合物90的制备使用化合物C(100mg,0.43mmol)和相应的醇(0.64mmol)为原料按照通用操作A方法合成,粗产品经过制备TLC纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/5)并收集Rf=0.4~0.6部分得到无色油状目标化合物。
化合物72:40mg,ESI[M+H]+=287.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.33–7.20(m,5H),6.44(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),4.92–4.71(m,2H),1.90–1.85(m,6H).
化合物73:52mg,ESI[M+H]+=329.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.35–7.18(m,5H),6.37(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.63(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.03–4.95(m,1H),4.95–4.87(m,2H),4.85–4.74(m,3H),1.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物74:76mg,ESI[M+H]+=315.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.34–7.18(m,5H),6.43(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.05–4.72(m,4H),2.80(s,1H),1.89(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物75:109mg,ESI[M+H]+=373.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.35–7.16(m,5H),6.41(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.50(s,3H),2.48–2.19(m,4H),1.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.82–1.63(m,4H).
化合物76:57mg,ESI[M+H]+=319.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.35–7.16(m,5H),6.41(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.84–4.72(m,1H),3.68–3.54(m,1H),3.24(s,3H),2.93–2.70(m,2H),2.19–2.01(m,2H),1.87(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物77:76mg,ESI[M+H]+=347.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.38–7.14(m,5H),6.36(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.84–4.68(m,1H),3.78–3.52(m,2H),2.84–2.71(m,2H),2.24–2.00(m,2H),1.87(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.17(d,J=6.1Hz,6H).
化合物78:31mg,ESI[M+H]+=291.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.35–7.14(m,5H),6.41(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.89(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.53(s,9H).
化合物79:105mg,ESI[M+H]+=289.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.37–7.16(m,5H),6.45(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.20–3.94(m,2H),1.90(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.24–1.01(m,1H),0.64–0.20(m,4H).
化合物80:92mg,ESI[M+H]+=289.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.36–7.12(m,5H),6.39(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.18–5.07(m,1H),2.45–2.05(m,4H),1.87(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.86–1.58(m,2H).
化合物81:67mg,ESI[M+H]+=307.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.39–7.15(m,5H),6.42(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.80–5.73(m,1H),3.69–3.19(m,4H),1.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物82:25mg,ESI[M+H]+=327.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.37–7.18(m,5H),6.45(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.90–5.40(m,3H),1.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.78(s,3H),1.75(s,3H).
化合物83:61mg,ESI[M+H]+=315.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.38–7.16(m,5H),6.40(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.89(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.86(s,3H),1.74(s,3H),1.69(s,3H).
化合物84:16mg,ESI[M+H]+=315.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.35–7.15(m,5H),6.41(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.77–5.50(m,1H),5.34–4.64(m,2H),2.08–1.84(m,6H),1.78–1.55(m,3H).
化合物85:82mg,ESI[M+H]+=305.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.38–7.15(m,5H),6.38(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.89–4.74(m,2H),4.61–4.44(m,2H),1.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.74(s,3H).
化合物86:59mg,ESI[M+H]+=333.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.36–7.15(m,5H),6.42(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.01–4.91(m,2H),4.85–4.66(m,2H),2.24(s,3H),1.89(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物87:33mg,ESI[M+H]+=317.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.39–7.15(m,5H),6.38(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),6.29–6.17(m,1H),5.36–5.20(m,2H),4.94–4.56(m,4H),1.88(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).
化合物88:79mg,ESI[M+H]+=355.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.40–7.16(m,5H),6.41(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),2.21–1.92(m,4H),1.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.86(s,3H),1.72–1.24(m,6H).
化合物89:101mg,ESI[M+H]+=375.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.36–7.15(m,5H),6.37(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.52(s,3H),2.33–2.01(m,2H),1.94–1.22(m,11H).
化合物90:49mg,ESI[M+H]+=343.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.40(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.35–7.12(m,5H),6.39(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),2.51–2.28(m,7H),1.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.84–1.70(m,2H).
化合物91~化合物114制备方法类同化合物1、化合物49和化合物70,使用3,4-二氟-1H-吡唑-5羧酸乙酯,4-氯-1H-吡唑-5羧酸乙酯或者4-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-5羧酸乙酯在PPh3和DEAD下与S-苯乙醇反应得到中间体,再经NaOH水解得到相应羧酸。羧酸与一系列醇按照通用操作A方法经DCC缩合,纯化后得到目标化合物。
化合物91:89mg,ESI[M+H]+=305.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.35–7.18(m,5H),6.52–6.44(m,1H),4.90–4.69(m,2H),1.88(d,J=2.2Hz,3H),1.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物92:20mg,ESI[M+H]+=347.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.35–7.20(m,5H),6.53–6.41(m,1H),5.67(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),5.05–4.64(m,6H),1.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物93:77mg,ESI[M+H]+=391.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.34–7.21(m,5H),6.51–6.40(m,1H),3.55(s,3H),2.50–2.17(m,4H),1.85(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.81–1.60(m,4H).
化合物94:60mg,ESI[M+H]+=337.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36–7.21(m,5H),6.54–6.38(m,1H),4.87–4.76(m,1H),3.70–3.55(m,1H),3.27(s,3H),2.97–2.73(m,2H),2.20–2.03(m,2H),1.84(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物95:26mg,ESI[M+H]+=345.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.34–7.20(m,5H),6.51–6.34(m,1H),6.00–5.77(m,1H),5.68–5.41(m,2H),1.88(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.78(s,3H),1.74(s,3H).
化合物96:20mg,ESI[M+H]+=333.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.35–7.23(m,5H),6.50–6.33(m,1H),1.87(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.84(s,3H),1.74(s,3H),1.65(s,3H).
化合物97:76mg,ESI[M+H]+=373.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.34–7.21(m,5H),6.51–6.32(m,1H),2.25–1.92(m,4H),1.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.84(s,3H),1.72–1.24(m,6H).
化合物98:64mg,ESI[M+H]+=361.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36–7.20(m,5H),6.49–6.37(m,1H),2.53–2.30(m,7H),1.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.86–1.74(m,2H).
化合物99:20mg,ESI[M+H]+=337.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(s,1H),7.35–7.20(m,5H),6.48(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.97–4.69(m,2H),1.92–1.81(m,6H).
化合物100:35mg,ESI[M+H]+=379.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.64(s,1H),7.37–7.23(m,5H),6.51(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.64(t,J=6.7Hz,1H),5.05–4.72(m,6H),1.87(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物101:35mg,ESI[M+H]+=423.3
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.66(s,1H),7.35–7.21(m,5H),6.47(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.52(s,3H),2.50–2.16(m,4H),1.84(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.80–1.58(m,4H).
化合物102:72mg,ESI[M+H]+=369.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(s,1H),7.34–7.20(m,5H),6.51(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.85–4.70(m,1H),3.70–3.52(m,1H),3.22(s,3H),2.91–2.68(m,2H),2.22–2.01(m,2H),1.85(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物103:28mg,ESI[M+H]+=377.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.64(s,1H),7.35–7.19(m,5H),6.47(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.88–5.40(m,3H),1.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.77(s,3H),1.75(s,3H).
化合物104:62mg,ESI[M+H]+=365.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(s,1H),7.36–7.23(m,5H),6.52(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.87(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.85(s,3H),1.73(s,3H),1.68(s,3H).
化合物105:35mg,ESI[M+H]+=405.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.63(s,1H),7.36–7.20(m,5H),6.50(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),2.20–1.89(m,4H),1.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.85(s,3H),1.70–1.21(m,6H).
化合物106:43mg,ESI[M+H]+=393.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.66(s,1H),7.38–7.19(m,5H),6.48(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),2.50–2.20(m,7H),1.87(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.85–1.66(m,2H).
化合物107:109mg,ESI[M+H]+=303.0
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44(s,1H),7.35–7.20(m,5H),6.46(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),4.88–4.70(m,2H),1.89–1.83(m,6H).
化合物108:19mg,ESI[M+H]+=345.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44(s,1H),7.36–7.17(m,5H),6.40(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.64(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),5.00–4.70(m,6H),1.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物109:77mg,ESI[M+H]+=389.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(s,1H),7.34–7.15(m,5H),6.45(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.52(s,3H),2.45–2.15(m,4H),1.84(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.80–1.52(m,4H).
化合物110:109mg,ESI[M+H]+=335.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43(s,1H),7.35–7.11(m,5H),6.46(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.85–4.70(m,1H),3.69–3.51(m,1H),3.22(s,3H),2.91–2.65(m,2H),2.20–2.01(m,2H),1.85(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).
化合物111:26mg,ESI[M+H]+=343.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46(s,1H),7.37–7.15(m,5H),6.48(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.91–5.45(m,3H),1.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.77(s,3H),1.75(s,3H).
化合物112:53mg,ESI[M+H]+=331.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(s,1H),7.35–7.16(m,5H),6.46(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.88(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.85(s,3H),1.74(s,3H),1.67(s,3H).
化合物113:29mg,ESI[M+H]+=371.2
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(s,1H),7.38–7.15(m,5H),6.48(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),2.25–1.91(m,4H),1.87(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.85(s,3H),1.78–1.21(m,6H).
化合物114:45mg,ESI[M+H]+=359.1
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44(s,1H),7.37–7.12(m,5H),6.50(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),2.55–2.24(m,7H),1.86(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.83–1.65(m,2H).
以下用实验例的方式说明本发明的有益效果:
实验例1以大鼠翻正反射消失作为判定指标评价本发明化合物的全身麻醉作用
选择体重范围在250~300克的成年雄性SD大鼠进行试验。将上述实施例中化合物和对照药物依托咪酯、CPMM溶解于二甲基亚砜(DMSO),空白对照组给予等体积DMSO。采用序贯法(Up-and-down method)测定本发明化合物的以翻正反射消失作为判定指标的全身麻醉作用的半数有效剂量(ED50)。试验时经大鼠尾静脉给药,每只大鼠给药体积为0.6ml、给药速度为0.1ml/秒。以大鼠翻正反射消失(LORR)持续30秒作为产生全身麻醉效应的指标。结果如表1所示。
结果显示:本发明化合物和对照依托咪酯、CPMM一样可以产生确切的、一过性的全身麻醉作用。并且本发明化合物表现出与依托咪酯、CPMM一样或更好的效价。
表1本发明化合物以大鼠翻正反射消失作为判定指标的ED50
备注:
*括号内数字表示95%可信限(mg/kg);
A表示测得的ED50在0.04-0.50mg/kg范围(包括0.04mg/kg和0.50mg/kg);
B表示测得的ED50在0.50-1.00mg/kg范围(不包括0.50mg/kg、包括1.00mg/kg);
C表示测得的ED50在1.00-2.00mg/kg范围(不包括1.00mg/kg、包括2.00mg/kg);
D表示测得的ED50在2.00-6.00mg/kg范围(不包括2.00mg/kg、包括6.00mg/kg)。
实验例2以致大鼠翻正反射消失的2ED50剂量比较本发明化合物的药理效应
选择体重范围在250~300克的成年雄性SD大鼠进行试验(n=8)。将上述实施例中化合物和对照药物依托咪酯、CPMM溶解于二甲基亚砜(DMSO),空白对照组给予等体积DMSO。采用致大鼠翻正反射消失的2ED50剂量进行试验。试验时经大鼠尾静脉给药,每只大鼠给药体积为0.6ml、给药速度为0.1ml/s。以翻正反射消失(LORR)的时间记作开始产生麻醉效应的时间。结果如表2所示。
结果显示:本发明化合物和对照依托咪酯、CPMM一样都表现出起效迅速、并能快速恢复的特点。药理作用的持续时间均能满足全身麻醉快速诱导时的时间需要和诊断性检查、短小创伤性检查或操作的时间需要。实验中,本发明化合物的不良反应的种类及发生率均少于对照依托咪酯和CPMM。
表2以大鼠致翻正反射消失的2ED50剂量比较本发明化合物的药理效应
实验例3体外细胞试验测定本发明化合物对肾上腺皮质功能的影响
选择H295R细胞株进行细胞培养,对培养的细胞给予溶媒DMSO、依托咪酯、CPMM、依托咪酯的代谢产物依托咪酯酸、及本发明化合物进行孵育,然后在培养细胞的上清液中利用HPLC-MS/MS法测定细胞分泌的皮质醇和皮质酮以判断本发明化合物是否存在对肾上腺皮质功能的抑制。
结果显示:本发明化合物达到了设计要求(见表3),试验中均没有对肾上腺皮质功能的抑制。
表3细胞试验测试本发明化合物对肾上腺皮质功能的影响
实验例4在体试验测定本发明化合物对肾上腺皮质功能的影响
根据序贯法(Up-and-down method)测定本发明化合物的以大鼠翻正反射消失为麻醉指标的ED50,给予2ED50剂量(n=8),测定给药前后大鼠血清皮质酮的变化,以血清皮质酮浓度(ng/ml)为代表性指标判断本发明化合物对大鼠肾上腺皮质功能的影响。
主要测试仪器设备如下:
多功能离子计(METTLER TOLEDO,型号:SevenMulti),移液枪(Eppendorf,规格:1000ul,200ul,100ul,10ul),22G静脉留置针(德国BECTON DICKINSON公司生产),1ml微量注射针(德国BD公司),计时器。
给药过程:试验统一在上午开始。8:00到8:30为试验准备阶段。将大鼠装入固定器中,露出尾静脉,将22G留置针置入大鼠尾静脉,并用肝素留置好。(给药与采血均通过这一通道。采血前先将肝素沥出,每次采血约为0.4ml。)
①地塞米松抑制:留置针安置完毕即进行静脉注射地塞米松(0.5mg/kg)。
②给予地塞米松两小时后,进行第一次采血(S1);
③采血后再注射地塞米松(0.2mg/kg)+化合物(2ED50剂量),所有药物或化合物均定容为0.6ml,匀速给药,速度0.1ml/s;15分钟后注射外源性ACTH(25ug/kg)。
④给予ACTH 30分钟后再次采集血样(S2);
⑤血样采集后在室温下静置30-60分钟,然后使用3500rpm转速离心10分钟,取上清液后再次使用15000rpm转速离心5分钟后冻存于-20℃冰箱。
数据采集:取样后2-3天内,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测量大鼠血清皮质酮的浓度。
结果显示:本发明化合物和对照生理盐水(0.9%NaCl)、丙泊酚(PRO)一样几乎没有抑制肾上腺皮质激素的合成,而对照依托咪酯(ET)则表现出对肾上腺皮质功能有明显的抑制作用(见图1)。
实验例5利用小动物植入式生理信号遥测系统测定本发明化合物对大鼠循环功能的影响
根据序贯法(Up-and-down method)的测定本发明化合物的以大鼠翻正反射消失为麻醉指标的ED50,给予2ED50剂量(n=6),利用DSI(Data Science International,Inc.)小动物植入式生理信号遥测系统观察给药过程中和给药后30分钟内大鼠心率、血压的变化,以平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)为代表性指标判断本发明化合物对大鼠循环功能的影响。
主要测试仪器设备如下:
DSI(Data Science International,Inc.)小动物植入式生理信号遥测系统包括植入子(型号HD-S21,DSI公司,美国)、接收板(型号RPC-1,DSI公司,美国)、信号转换器(型号DEM,DSI公司,美国)、灌注胶(型号,DSI公司,美国)、纤维蛋白膜(DSI公司,美国)等。
小动物呼吸机(型号:HX-101E,生产厂家:成都泰盟科技有限责任公司);电子天平(型号:ME215S,生产厂家:德国Sartorius公司)。
首先进行动物模型的建立,置入左心室导管、腹主动脉导管和进行心电导线的置放。术后至少稳定一周后可采集信号开始试验。
给药过程:将大鼠装入固定器中,露出尾静脉,将20G留置针置入大鼠尾静脉,给0.2mL的肝素,再接上预抽好药物的延长管,粘上胶布以固定延长管于尾静脉上,将大鼠取出固定器放回饲养笼中再一起放在信号接收器上。待数据采集开始,大鼠安静适应30分钟后按计算好的2ED50剂量给药,匀速给药,给完药后观察并记录大鼠的药理效应、不良反应及行为表现等。
数据采集:完成软件设置采集数据的参数后,打开植入子的电源,即可开始采集数据。本实验设定实验数据记录频率为15秒一次。数据采集在大鼠给药前后均持续记录30分钟。数据采集结束,停止试验。
结果显示:本发明化合物和对照依托咪酯一样几乎没有对循环功能的抑制效应,而对照丙泊酚则表现出对循环系统功能的明显抑制(见图2、图3、图4、图5)。
实验例6本发明化合物对大鼠持续输注的药理效应
选择体重范围在250~300克的成年雄性SD大鼠进行持续输注试验。将本发明化合物和对照药物依托咪酯、CPMM试验前制备成脂肪乳剂,以2倍MIR(最小输注速度)进行经大鼠尾静脉持续输注,自致其翻正反射消失开始维持翻正反射消失持续1小时,记录停止输注后实验动物的苏醒时间和完全恢复时间。结果见表4。
结果显示:本发明化合物2倍MIR条件下持续输注1小时后,其恢复时间与单次静脉注射2ED50剂量后相比,没有明显延长,并在恢复时间上明显短于依托咪酯。其不良反应的种类和发生率也明显优于依托咪酯和CPMM。
表4大鼠持续输注本发明化合物的药理效应
综上,本发明公开了一种结构新颖的取代吡唑甲酸酯类衍生物,该取代吡唑甲酸酯类衍生物具有较好的中枢神经系统的抑制效应,可以产生镇静、催眠和/或全身麻醉的作用以及控制癫痫持续状态,为临床上筛选和/或制备具有镇静、催眠和/或全身麻醉作用的药物以及控制癫痫持续状态的药物提供了一种新的选择。
Claims (6)
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:所述C2-4烯基为丙二烯基。
5.一种药物,其特征在于:它是以权利要求1~4任意一项所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐或其组合物,加上药学上可接受的辅料制备而成的制剂。
6.权利要求1~4任意一项所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐或其组合物在制备具有镇静、催眠、和/或麻醉作用、和/或可用于控制癫痫持续状态的药物中的用途。
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