CN111789029A - Intensive circulation agricultural system combining facility agriculture and ecological breeding - Google Patents
Intensive circulation agricultural system combining facility agriculture and ecological breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN111789029A CN111789029A CN201910280577.5A CN201910280577A CN111789029A CN 111789029 A CN111789029 A CN 111789029A CN 201910280577 A CN201910280577 A CN 201910280577A CN 111789029 A CN111789029 A CN 111789029A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2846—Anaerobic digestion processes using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket [UASB] reactors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/50—Livestock or poultry management
- Y02P60/52—Livestock or poultry management use of renewable energies
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intensive circulating agricultural system combining facility agriculture and ecological breeding, which comprises a standardized ecological cattle farm, a vegetable greenhouse of the facility agriculture and a biogas production plant; wastes generated by the vegetable greenhouse of the standardized ecological cattle farm and the facility agriculture are converted into biogas through biogas production equipment, a biogas vehicle is used as a main tool for material transportation, and biogas slurry and biogas residues are used as fertilizers of the facility agriculture. The invention carries out resource utilization on the wastes generated in the planting industry and the breeding industry, improves the use efficiency of the wastes, reduces the production cost and can realize the closed flow of the substances.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an agricultural ecological circulation system, in particular to an intensive circulation agricultural system combining facility agriculture and ecological breeding.
Background
Traditional agriculture mainly adopts extensive operation, has smaller production scale, lags behind operation management and production technology, has poor natural disaster resistance and low agricultural ecosystem efficacy, and has the problems of low production efficiency, serious resource waste and the like. Meanwhile, part of farmers excessively pursue the pre-ocular benefits, and use a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, so that the serious food safety problem is caused, and the natural environment is greatly threatened.
The existing circulating agriculture mainly comprises the following forms: the greenhouse planting and the livestock breeding are combined, excrement generated in the livestock breeding process is used for providing nutrients for the greenhouse planting, but the mode can be only used in a small scale, and a large amount of excrement cannot be utilized; the paddy field is combined with aquaculture, the paddy field provides food for aquatic products, and meanwhile, excrement of the aquatic products is used as fertilizer of the paddy field, so that the mode has high requirements on regional climate, and the paddy field can not be widely popularized.
The prior art has the following defects: (1) the use efficiency of excrement is low. In the prior art, excrement generated in the breeding industry is directly used as fertilizer, and the excrement is not recycled, so that resource waste is caused; meanwhile, the untreated excrement is also beneficial to the absorption of plants, and the use efficiency of the excrement is reduced. (2) The production cost is high. In the prior art, the material circulation between the breeding industry and the planting industry consumes a large amount of energy for transportation, the cost of the whole agricultural circulation process is increased, and the problem causes that the technologies are difficult to really apply in practice. (3) It is difficult to achieve a closed flow of the substance. In the prior art, only the recycling of excrement in the agricultural production process is concerned, but the matching of the planting industry and the breeding industry scale is not concerned, so that the wastes produced by the breeding industry cannot be completely consumed, the material circulation efficiency is low, and the complete closure of the materials is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: (1) the use efficiency of the waste is improved. The method is characterized in that wastes generated in the planting industry and the breeding industry are recycled, are converted into biogas through biogas production equipment, and biogas slurry and biogas residues are used as fertilizers for the planting industry by using a biogas vehicle as a main tool for material transportation. (2) The production cost is reduced. The waste generated in the breeding industry is used for producing biogas, the biogas is used for providing power for cleaning the automobile, the transportation cost is saved, and the biogas slurry and the biogas residues are used as fertilizers in the planting industry, so that the production cost is reduced. Meanwhile, in facility agriculture, the generated energy of solar photovoltaic is sold through grid connection, and considerable benefits can be brought to projects. (3) A closed flow of the substance is achieved. Standardized production is carried out in the project, the scale of the planting industry and the breeding industry is strictly controlled, the planting scale is measured and calculated according to the annual excretion of the selected cattle in the breeding industry, scientific matching of the planting industry and the breeding industry scale is realized, and closed flow of logistics is realized.
Specifically, the invention claims an intensive circulating agricultural system combining facility agriculture and ecological breeding, which is characterized by comprising a standardized ecological cattle farm, a vegetable greenhouse of the facility agriculture and a biogas production plant;
wastes generated by the vegetable greenhouse of the standardized ecological cattle farm and the facility agriculture are converted into biogas through biogas production equipment, a biogas vehicle is used as a main tool for material transportation, and biogas slurry and biogas residues are used as fertilizers of the facility agriculture;
controlling the scale of the planting industry and the breeding industry, measuring and calculating the planting scale according to the annual discharge amount of the selected cattle in the breeding industry, wherein the residual biogas slurry and biogas residues after the excrement generated by every 1 ten thousand cattle is used for producing biogas can be used for the fertilizer requirement of 25000 mu of vegetable greenhouse land;
the vegetable greenhouse of the facility agriculture adopts a photovoltaic greenhouse roof, a solar cell panel is arranged on the sunny roof in a BIPV mode to generate electricity, and the photovoltaic module replaces the original glass roof building material; the roof with the shade and the surrounding wall body parts are made of light-transmitting toughened glass materials; the assembly installation inclination angle is laid in parallel with the roof, and the solar photovoltaic assembly is installed on the sunny side roof of the single-seat greenhouse.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the standardized ecological cattle farm cowshed has a base depth of 30-50 cm, brick wall thickness of 20-25 cm, a double-slope cowshed ridge height of 4.0-5.0 m, and front and rear eaves height of 1.0-3.5 m; the lower part of the internal wall of the cowshed is provided with a wall.
The cowhouse door is 2.1-2.2 meters high and 2-2.5 meters wide. The door is generally designed as a double door, and can also be provided with an up-down rolling door. The closed window should be larger, 1.5m high, 2.0m wide, and the sill height should be 1.2 m from the ground.
Beef production, cattle farm management, worker life and other auxiliary buildings require certain fields and spaces. The size of the cattle farm can be calculated according to the area required by each cattle and the combination length plan. The area of the cowshed and other houses is 15-20% of the total area of the field. As the cattle body size, the production purpose, the feeding mode and the like are different, the cowshed area occupied by each cattle is different. The area required by each head of the fattening cattle is 3.5-5.5 square meters, each head of cattle with bedding in the pigpen fattening cattle house accounts for 2.5-5 square meters, and each head of cattle with a fence accounts for 1-1.2 meters.
The most common is a double pitched roof. The roof in the form can be suitable for cowsheds with large span and can be used for various cattle herds with various scales. The roof is economical, has good heat preservation and is easy to construct.
Most beef farms are fed with group-feeding through grooves. The feeding trough is arranged in front of the cow bed and is most suitable for a fixed cement trough, the width of the feeding trough is 0.6-0.8 m, the bottom width is 0.35-0.40 m, the feeding trough is arc-shaped, the inner edge of the feeding trough is 0.35 m high (close to the cow bed side), and the outer edge of the feeding trough is 0.6-0.8 m high (close to the walkway side). In order to be easy and convenient to operate and save labor, a high channel is required to be built, and the channel and the groove of the low groove position are preferably integrated. I.e. the groove periphery and the channel are in one horizontal plane.
For the head type double-row cowshed, the width of the middle channel is 1.4-1.8 m, and the passing width is based on the principle that a feeding car can pass through.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the standardized ecological cattle farm cowshed has a dung trench with a depth of 0.15-0.3 m and a gradient of 1-2%.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, each cowshed is 50-70 meters long, 5-15 meters wide, 1-2 meters of middle passageway, and double-sided cattle trough, the width of the trough is 50-70 centimeters, the height of the trough is 70-80 centimeters, the depth of the trough is 20-30 centimeters, the interval of each cattle is 1-1.5 meters, and the ground slope is 10-20 degrees.
Preferably, each cowshed is 60 meters long and 10 meters wide, the middle passageway is 1.5 meters, the double-sided cattle trough is 60 centimeters wide and 75 centimeters high, the trough depth is 25 centimeters, the interval between every two cattle is 1.1 meters, the ground slope is 15 degrees, and good ventilation is required.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the length of the greenhouse is 90-110 meters, the width of the greenhouse is 8-12 meters, the height of the vertical face curtain wall is 1.2-1.6 meters, and the height of the ridge is 2.5-3.5 meters, or the greenhouse is designed as a unit according to 10 mu of photovoltaic greenhouse, that is, the east-west direction of the greenhouse is 130-160 meters, the north-south direction of the greenhouse is 40-50 meters, the height of the front roof is 1.3-1.6m, the height of the rear roof is 4.0-6.0m, and the span: 7-8m, 3-4m between the opening and the gutter height: 3-4 m.
Preferably, the greenhouse is 100 meters long and 10 meters wide, the vertical face curtain wall is 1.5 meters high, the ridge is 3 meters high, or the greenhouse is designed as a unit according to 10 mu of photovoltaic greenhouse. The east-west direction of big-arch shelter is 150 meters promptly, and the north-south direction is 45 meters, and preceding roofing height is 1.5m, and back roofing height is 5.0m, span: 7.5m, 3.3m between the opening, gutter height: 3.0 m. And adjusting the size of the greenhouse according to actual conditions, and optimizing the layout structure.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, a 500KW electric unit formed by 4-6 greenhouse photovoltaic systems is connected to 1 500KW inverter, 500KW alternating current lightning protection distribution equipment is provided, output electric energy is connected to the 0.27KV side of a transformer in a distribution room, and the output electric energy is boosted by 2 levels and then transmitted to a nearby transformer substation for grid-connected power generation.
Every 500KW electric unit wiring form is the same, and the subassembly electrical connection selects 20 solar energy component to establish ties to a cluster, 12/16 cluster and to a collection flow box, and 7 collection flow boxes of every 500KW unit total insert 1 platform 7 into the 500kVA direct current collection flow cabinet of 7 plays, and every direct current collection flow cabinet output inserts 1 platform 500kVA inverter, and the inverter output is 0.27kV alternating current.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the biogas production plant comprises a pre-treatment system, an anaerobic treatment system and a post-treatment system. The pretreatment system comprises a grid, a sewage ditch, a water collecting well, a solid-liquid separation platform, an adjusting tank, a sedimentation tank and a stabilization pond; the anaerobic treatment system comprises an anaerobic tank, a wet gas holder, a constant pressure device, a 300 cubic water tank and a 250m anaerobic tank3A copper gas storage cabinet, a 50kw marsh gas mute generator set, a 10 ten thousand kilocalories marsh gas boiler and a waste heat recovery system; the post-treatment system comprises an ecological oxidation pond.
The wastes of ecological breeding and facility agriculture are sequentially processed by a grid, an adjusting tank, a solid-liquid separation platform, a sedimentation tank, a water collecting tank and an anaerobic reactor to prepare marsh gas and marsh liquid, the marsh liquid enters an ecological oxidation pond, and the marsh gas enters a generator set or is used for a marsh gas automobile.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the anaerobic treatment system employs 800m3UASB + AF anaerobic tank and medium temperature heating system process.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the ecological lagoon is 500m3The method is a multi-stage oxidation pond, the effective depth is sequentially increased from 0.4m to 1.5m, aquatic plants are planted on the surface of a water body, and more biogas slurry is stored.
Grid and sewage ditch: two passes (size 0.4m × 0.4m), one coarse (gap 25mm) and one fine (gap 15 mm).
A water collecting well: effective volume of about 40m3Phi 4m multiplied by 3.2m, 1 seat in total, a brick-concrete structure, and temporarily collecting sewage.
A solid-liquid separation platform: 1 square meter in total. Specification: 3.0m multiplied by 2.0m, brick-concrete structure. And (5) a solid-liquid separator is installed.
A regulating pool: effective volume of about 20m31 seat in total, the specification of each opening is phi 3m multiplied by 3.2m, and 1 seat in total is of a brick-concrete structure. Removing part of SS substances by utilizing the characteristic that culture wastewater is easy to generate sediments and scum; regulating water quality and quantity, and prolonging drainage time.
A sedimentation tank: effective volume of about 20m31 seat in total, and the specification of each opening is as follows: phi 3m is multiplied by 3.2m, 1 seat is totally formed, and the brick-concrete structure is formed.
An anaerobic treatment system: it is used at 800m3UASB + AF anaerobic tank and medium temperature heating system process. Under the anaerobic condition, the sewage is degraded and converted through the action of microorganisms, so that the aims of reduction, resource and harmlessness of the sewage are fulfilled.
UASB retort base: specification: phi 11.45 multiplied by 0.6m, 1 seat in total. The volume is about 61.75 square meters.
Assembling an anaerobic reaction tank by enamel: the single-irrigation volume is about 800m31 seat in total with the specification phi of 9.93 multiplied by 10.2 m. Effective volume 800m3。
Gas production rate: 0.8m3/m3(ii) a Gas production: 640m3D; fermentation temperature: 35 +/-2 DEG C
Wet gas cabinet: a single gas holder with a volume of 250m for a storage site for biogas31 seat in total.
Constant pressure device: 1 set. Specification: welland-hy300/700/50, stainless steel, 2mm thick.
An ecological oxidation pond: 500m3. Is a multi-stage oxidation pond, the effective depth is sequentially increased from 0.4m to 1.5m, and aquatic plants and the like are planted on the surface of a water body. The biogas slurry is stored more than the biogas slurry, and the biogas slurry can be directly extracted to be used as liquid fertilizer for facility agriculture when the fertilizer is used. When the fertilizer is not used, the water quality is further evolved through an algae bacterium symbiotic system.
The invention uses the methane automobile to transport materials, so as to meet the production and sale requirements of ecological breeding and facility agriculture, and the material transportation between the ecological breeding and the facility agriculture, reduce the transportation cost, and simultaneously greatly reduce the pollution and damage to the environment compared with the automobile using fossil fuel.
The invention obviously improves the economic benefits of facility agriculture and ecological breeding circular agriculture, solves the problems of food safety and environmental pollution of planting industry and breeding industry, effectively reduces the production cost of the facility agriculture and the ecological breeding industry, realizes the maximum utilization of agricultural production wastes and realizes the clean transportation of the whole agricultural production process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical flow chart of an intensive circular agriculture system combining facility agriculture and ecological breeding.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A facility agriculture and ecological breeding combined circulating agriculture system is established in a certain county in the north, 4 ten thousand mu of facility agriculture is used for planting local season vegetables, 10 ten thousand tons of vegetables can be produced every year, 4.32 hundred million degrees of electricity can be generated by photovoltaic power generation every year, a 2 ten thousand cattle ecological farm is arranged for breeding high-quality beef cattle, 3 ten thousand commercial cattle can be produced every year, and biogas 876 million cubic meters can be produced every year by using livestock manure and straws, so that the system can be used by 100 biogas automobiles, and the transportation problem of agricultural products and livestock products is solved.
Claims (9)
1. An intensive circulating agricultural system combining facility agriculture and ecological breeding is characterized by comprising a standardized ecological cattle farm, a vegetable greenhouse of the facility agriculture and a biogas production plant;
wastes generated by the vegetable greenhouse of the standardized ecological cattle farm and the facility agriculture are converted into biogas through biogas production equipment, a biogas vehicle is used as a main tool for material transportation, and biogas slurry and biogas residues are used as fertilizers of the facility agriculture;
controlling the scale of the planting industry and the breeding industry, measuring and calculating the planting scale according to the annual discharge amount of the selected cattle in the breeding industry, wherein the residual biogas slurry and biogas residues after the excrement generated by every 1 ten thousand cattle is used for producing biogas can be used for the fertilizer requirement of 25000 mu of vegetable greenhouse land;
the vegetable greenhouse of the facility agriculture adopts a photovoltaic greenhouse roof, a solar cell panel is arranged on the sunny roof in a BIPV mode to generate electricity, and the photovoltaic module replaces the original glass roof building material; the roof with the shade and the surrounding wall body parts are made of light-transmitting toughened glass materials; the assembly installation inclination angle is laid in parallel with the roof, and the solar photovoltaic assembly is installed on the sunny side roof of the single-seat greenhouse.
2. The intensive cyclic agricultural system combining protected agriculture and ecological breeding according to claim 1, wherein the standardized ecological cattle farm barn has a base depth of 30-50 cm, brick walls of 20-25 cm, a double-slope barn ridge of 4.0-5.0 m in height, and front and rear eaves of 1.0-3.5 m in height; the lower part of the internal wall of the cowshed is provided with a wall.
3. The intensive cyclic agricultural system combining protected agriculture and ecological breeding according to claim 1, wherein the standardized ecological cattle farm cowshed has a dung drain with a depth of 0.15-0.3 m and a tilt of 1% -2%.
4. The intensive circular agricultural system combining protected agriculture with ecological breeding according to claim 1, wherein each cowshed has a length of 50-70 m, a width of 5-15 m, a middle passageway of 1-2 m, a double-sided cattle trough, a trough width of 50-70 cm, a height of 70-80 cm, a trough depth of 20-30 cm, a distance of 1-1.5 m between each cattle, and a ground slope of 10-20 degrees.
5. The intensive circular agricultural system combining protected agriculture and ecological breeding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the greenhouse is 90-110 m, the width is 8-12 m, the height of the facade curtain wall is 1.2-1.6 m, the height of the ridge is 2.5-3.5 m, or the design is carried out by taking 10 mu of photovoltaic greenhouse as a unit, namely the east-west direction of the greenhouse is 130-160 m, the north-south direction is 40-50 m, the height of the front roof is 1.3-1.6m, the height of the rear roof is 4.0-6.0m, and the span: 7-8m, 3-4m between the opening and the gutter height: 3-4 m.
6. The intensive circular agricultural system combining facility agriculture and ecological breeding according to claim 1, wherein a 500KW electrical unit consisting of 4-6 greenhouse photovoltaic systems is connected to 1 500KW inverter, 500KW ac lightning protection distribution equipment is provided, output electric energy is connected to 0.27KV side of an indoor transformer of the distribution room, and is boosted by 2 levels and then transmitted to a nearby substation for grid-connected power generation.
7. The integrated agricultural and ecological farming system of claim 1, wherein the biogas production plant comprises a grid and sewer, a sump, a solid-liquid separation platform, a conditioning tank, a settling tank, a stabilization pond, an anaerobic treatment system, a wet gas holder, a constant pressure device, a 300 cubic pool, a 250m pool3The system comprises a copper gas storage cabinet, a 50kw biogas silent generator set, a 10 ten thousand-kilocalorie biogas boiler, a waste heat recovery system and an ecological oxidation pond.
8. The intensive circular agricultural system combining protected agriculture with ecological culture as claimed in claim 7, wherein the anaerobic treatment system is 800m3UASB + AF anaerobic tank and medium temperature heating system process.
9. The intensive circular agricultural system combining protected agriculture and ecological culture as claimed in claim 7, wherein the ecological oxidation pond is a multi-stage oxidation pond, the effective depth is increased from 0.4m to 1.5m, aquatic plants are planted on the surface of the water body, and more biogas slurry is stored.
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