CN111769819A - Data acquisition method and system with adaptive and adjustable sampling frequency - Google Patents
Data acquisition method and system with adaptive and adjustable sampling frequency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data acquisition method with a self-adaptive and adjustable sampling frequency, which comprises the following steps: 1) setting the acquisition duration and the initial sampling frequency f0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxAnd detecting the window length; 2) according to the acquisition duration and the initial sampling frequency f0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxDetecting the length of the window to generate a control signal; 3) generating an excitation signal according to the control signal, and sending the excitation signal to a sensor; 4) the sensor collects data according to the excitation signal and outputs an analog signal; 5) the method and the system can sample the output signal of the sensor by adaptively adjusting the sampling frequency, dynamically reflect the real change condition of a measured target in real time, and have higher data measurement effectiveness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering monitoring, and relates to a data acquisition method and system with adaptive and adjustable sampling frequency.
Background
With the continuous development of science and technology, the sensor has a very wide application prospect and is widely applied to the fields of industry, military, electric appliances and the like. The data acquisition device of the sensor is also developed towards the direction of intellectualization, miniaturization and multi-functionalization. The traditional sensor data acquisition device has single function, particularly the sampling frequency cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the change of a data source, so that the monitoring data cannot reflect the real-time change condition of a measured target in real time, and the hidden danger of information loss is brought to subsequent data processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a data acquisition method and a data acquisition system with self-adaptive and adjustable sampling frequency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the data acquisition method with adaptive adjustable sampling frequency of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) setting the acquisition duration and the initial sampling frequency f0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxAnd detecting the window length;
2) according to the acquisition duration and the initial sampling frequency f0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxDetecting the length of the window and the amplitude and the period of the excitation signal to generate a control signal;
3) generating an excitation signal according to the control signal, and sending the excitation signal to a sensor;
4) the sensor works according to the excitation signal and outputs an analog signal;
5) and preprocessing the analog signal output by the sensor, and adjusting the sampling frequency in real time by adopting a self-adaptive sampling frequency adjusting algorithm to acquire data.
The specific process of preprocessing the analog signal output by the sensor in the step 5) is as follows: and carrying out noise reduction, amplification and filtering processing on the analog signal output by the sensor.
The specific operation of the step 5) is as follows:
51) carrying out noise reduction, amplification and filtering processing on an analog signal output by a sensor;
52) setting the length of a sampling point detection window as N, and setting the ith (i is 1,2,3 …) sampling point detection window, wherein the used acquisition time is TiCollected data Xi＝[xi(1),xi(2),…xi(N)]At an initial sampling frequency f0Starting to collect the data X collected in the 1 st sampling point detection window1＝[x1(1),x1(2),…x1(N)]In the 2 nd sampling point number detection window, the collected data X2＝[x2(1),x2(2),…x2(N)]Wherein the collection time is
Calculating the change rate R of data in the 1 st sampling point detection window and the 2 nd sampling point detection window by the formula (1)1And R2Calculating the accumulated variation B in the 1 st sampling point detection window and the 2 nd sampling point detection window by the formula (2)1And B2；
Bi＝|xi(2)-xi(1)|+|xi(3)-xi(2)|+…+|xi(N)-xi(N-1)| (2)
53) The change rate ratio of the data in the detection window of the adjacent sampling points is
Let equation (3) be the constraint condition, sampling frequency faThe ratio result a obtained under the corresponding constraint conditions satisfies the relation of the formula (5), wherein,
for rounding up the symbol, the ratio of the accumulated variation of the data in the detection windows of adjacent sampling points is
The constraint condition is as shown in equation (4), and the sampling frequency fbThe ratio result b obtained under the corresponding constraint condition satisfies the relation shown in the formula (6), and the adjusted real-time sampling frequency is fs＝max[fafb]；
fa＝2a-1·f0(4)
fb＝2b-1·f0(6)
54) In the 3 rd sampling point number detection window, the sampling frequency fsCollecting, data X of collection3＝[x3(1),x3(2),…x3(N)]Calculating the acquisition time T used according to the formula (7)3Calculating the change rate R of the data in the 3 rd sampling point detection window by formula (1)3Obtaining the accumulated variation B of the data in the 3 rd sampling point detection window by the formula (2)3；
55) Repeating the step 53), updating the values of a and b by the equations (3) and (5), and re-determining the real-time sampling frequency fsAnd the next sampling point number is detected in the windowThe sensor is arranged to determine a good sampling frequency fsThe acquisition is carried out and the time T required within the current detection window is recalculatedi、RiAnd Bi。
The sampling frequency self-adaptive adjustable data acquisition system comprises:
an input module for setting the collection duration and the initial sampling frequency f0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxAnd detecting the window length;
the excitation module is used for generating an excitation signal according to the control signal and sending the excitation signal to the sensor;
the acquisition module is used for working according to the excitation signal through the sensor and outputting an analog signal;
an intelligent control module connected with the excitation module, the acquisition module and the input module and used for acquiring the initial sampling frequency f according to the acquisition duration0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxDetecting the length of the window and the amplitude and the period of the excitation signal to generate a control signal, and sending the control signal to the excitation module; meanwhile, analog signals output by the sensor are preprocessed, and the sampling frequency is adjusted in real time by adopting a self-adaptive sampling frequency adjusting algorithm to acquire data.
The intelligent control system further comprises a wireless communication module used for communication between the intelligent control module and external equipment.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the data acquisition method and the data acquisition system with the sampling frequency being self-adaptively adjustable are operated specifically, the sampling data change rate and the accumulated variation in the sampling point number detection window are calculated, and the data change rate and the accumulated variation ratio in the adjacent time windows are correspondingly processed by sliding the time windows to adjust the real-time sampling frequency, namely when the data change is faster, the sampling frequency is increased, so that the obtained sampling data can accurately reflect the parameter change details of the object to be measured; when the data change is slow, the sampling frequency is reduced, the system power consumption is reduced, invalid big data is avoided, the contradiction that the fineness of the change of the parameter to be measured and the sampling frequency can not be considered simultaneously in the traditional fixed sampling frequency is changed, and a foundation is laid for the robustness of subsequent data processing.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the data acquisition method with the sampling frequency being self-adaptive and adjustable comprises the following steps:
1) setting the acquisition duration and the initial sampling frequency f0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxAnd detecting the window length;
2) according to the acquisition duration and the initial sampling frequency f0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxDetecting the length of the window and the amplitude and the period of the excitation signal to generate a control signal;
3) generating an excitation signal according to the control signal, and sending the excitation signal to a sensor;
4) the sensor works according to the excitation signal and outputs an analog signal;
5) and preprocessing the analog signal output by the sensor, and adjusting the sampling frequency in real time by adopting a self-adaptive sampling frequency adjusting algorithm to acquire data.
The specific process of preprocessing the analog signal output by the sensor in the step 5) is as follows: and carrying out noise reduction, amplification and filtering processing on the analog signal output by the sensor.
The specific operation of the step 5) is as follows:
51) carrying out noise reduction, amplification and filtering processing on an analog signal output by a sensor;
52) setting the length of a sampling point detection window as N, and setting the ith (i is 1,2,3 …) sampling point detection window, wherein the used acquisition time is TiCollected data Xi＝[xi(1),xi(2),…xi(N)]At an initial sampling frequency f0Starting to collect the data X collected in the 1 st sampling point detection window1＝[x1(1),x1(2),…x1(N)]In the 2 nd sampling point number detection window, the collected data X2＝[x2(1),x2(2),…x2(N)]Wherein the collection time is
Calculating the change rate R of data in the 1 st sampling point detection window and the 2 nd sampling point detection window by the formula (1)1And R2Calculating the accumulated variation B in the 1 st sampling point detection window and the 2 nd sampling point detection window by the formula (2)1And B2；
Bi＝|xi(2)-xi(1)|+|xi(3)-xi(2)|+…+|xi(N)-xi(N-1)| (2)
53) The change rate ratio of the data in the detection window of the adjacent sampling points is
Let equation (3) be the constraint condition, sampling frequency faThe ratio result a obtained under the corresponding constraint conditions satisfies the relation of the formula (5), wherein,
for rounding up the symbol, the ratio of the accumulated variation of the data in the detection windows of adjacent sampling points is
The constraint condition is as shown in equation (4), and the sampling frequency fbThe ratio result b obtained under the corresponding constraint condition satisfies the relation shown in the formula (6), and the adjusted real-time sampling frequency is fs＝max[fafb]；
fa＝2a-1f0(4)
fb＝2b-1·f0(6)
54) In the 3 rd sampling point number detection window, the sampling frequency fsCollecting, data X of collection3＝[x3(1),x3(2),…x3(N)]Calculating the acquisition time T used according to the formula (7)3Calculating the change rate R of the data in the 3 rd sampling point detection window by formula (1)3Obtaining the accumulated variation B of the data in the 3 rd sampling point detection window by the formula (2)3；
55) Repeating the step 53), updating the values of a and b by the equations (3) and (5), and re-determining the real-time sampling frequency fsAnd next sampling point number is detected in the window, the sensor determines the good sampling frequency fsThe acquisition is carried out and the time T required within the current detection window is recalculatedi、RiAnd Bi。
Referring to fig. 1, the data acquisition system with adaptive adjustable sampling frequency according to the present invention includes:
an input module for setting the collection duration and the initial sampling frequency f0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxAnd detecting the window length;
the excitation module is used for generating an excitation signal according to the control signal and sending the excitation signal to the sensor;
the acquisition module is used for working according to the excitation signal through the sensor and outputting an analog signal;
an intelligent control module connected with the excitation module, the acquisition module and the input module and used for acquiring the initial sampling frequency f according to the acquisition duration0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxDetecting the length of the window and the amplitude and the period of the excitation signal to generate a control signal, and sending the control signal to the excitation module; meanwhile, analog signals output by the sensor are preprocessed, and the sampling frequency is adjusted in real time by adopting a self-adaptive sampling frequency adjusting algorithm to acquire data.
The intelligent control system also comprises a wireless communication module used for communication between the intelligent control module and external equipment, and the wireless communication module can select WI-FI, Zigbee, mobile communication and other communication modes according to actual requirements.
The excitation module comprises excitation generation, amplification and level conversion functions, and can adaptively adjust the working state of excitation under the intelligent control module; the acquisition module comprises low noise amplification, filtering, level conversion, digital-to-analog conversion and temporary storage functions; the excitation module is respectively connected with the sensor and the intelligent control module, the acquisition module is connected with the sensor, and the intelligent control module controls the excitation module and the acquisition module by sending commands; the intelligent control module comprises a control unit, a data processing unit and a configuration unit.
Claims (5)
1. A data acquisition method with adaptive and adjustable sampling frequency is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) setting the acquisition duration and the initial sampling frequency f0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxAnd detecting the window length;
2) according to the acquisition duration and the initial sampling frequency f0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxDetecting the length of the window and the amplitude and the period of the excitation signal to generate a control signal;
3) generating an excitation signal according to the control signal, and sending the excitation signal to a sensor;
4) the sensor works according to the excitation signal and outputs an analog signal;
5) and preprocessing the analog signal output by the sensor, and adjusting the sampling frequency in real time by adopting a self-adaptive sampling frequency adjusting algorithm to acquire data.
2. The data acquisition method with the adaptively adjustable sampling frequency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of preprocessing the analog signal output by the sensor in the step 5) is as follows: and carrying out noise reduction, amplification and filtering processing on the analog signal output by the sensor.
3. The data acquisition method with the adaptively adjustable sampling frequency according to claim 1, wherein the specific operations of step 5) are as follows:
51) carrying out noise reduction, amplification and filtering processing on an analog signal output by a sensor;
52) setting the length of a sampling point detection window as N, and setting the ith (i is 1,2,3 …) sampling point detection window, wherein the used acquisition time is TiCollected data Xi＝[xi(1),xi(2),…xi(N)]At an initial sampling frequency f0Starting to collect the data X collected in the 1 st sampling point detection window1＝[x1(1),x1(2),…x1(N)]In the 2 nd sampling point number detection window, the collected data X2＝[x2(1),x2(2),…x2(N)]Wherein the collection time is
Calculating the change rate R of data in the 1 st sampling point detection window and the 2 nd sampling point detection window by the formula (1)1And R2Calculating the accumulated variation B in the 1 st sampling point detection window and the 2 nd sampling point detection window by the formula (2)1And B2；
Bi＝|xi(2)-xi(1)|+|xi(3)-xi(2)|+…+|xi(N)-xi(N-1)| (2)
53) Adjacent sampling point number detection window data changeA rate ratio of
Let equation (3) be the constraint condition, sampling frequency faThe ratio result a obtained under the corresponding constraint conditions satisfies the relation of the formula (5), wherein,
for rounding up the symbol, the ratio of the accumulated variation of the data in the detection windows of adjacent sampling points is
The constraint condition is as shown in equation (4), and the sampling frequency fbThe ratio result b obtained under the corresponding constraint condition satisfies the relation shown in the formula (6), and the adjusted real-time sampling frequency is fs＝max[fafb]；
fa＝2a-1·f0(4)
fb＝2b-1·f0(6)
54) In the 3 rd sampling point number detection window, the sampling frequency fsCollecting, data X of collection3＝[x3(1),x3(2),…x3(N)]Calculating the acquisition time T used according to the formula (7)3Calculating the change rate R of the data in the 3 rd sampling point detection window by formula (1)3Obtaining the accumulated variation B of the data in the 3 rd sampling point detection window by the formula (2)3；
55) Repeating the step 53), updating the values of a and b by the equations (3) and (5), and re-determining the real-time sampling frequency fsAnd next sampling point number is detected in the window, the sensor determines the good sampling frequency fsThe acquisition is carried out and the time T required within the current detection window is recalculatedi、RiAnd Bi。
4. A data acquisition system with adaptively adjustable sampling frequency, comprising:
an input module for setting the collection duration and the initial sampling frequency f0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxAnd detecting the window length;
the excitation module is used for generating an excitation signal according to the control signal and sending the excitation signal to the sensor;
the acquisition module is used for working according to the excitation signal through the sensor and outputting an analog signal;
an intelligent control module connected with the excitation module, the acquisition module and the input module and used for acquiring the initial sampling frequency f according to the acquisition duration0Maximum sampling frequency fmaxDetecting the length of the window and the amplitude and the period of the excitation signal to generate a control signal, and sending the control signal to the excitation module; meanwhile, analog signals output by the sensor are preprocessed, and the sampling frequency is adjusted in real time by adopting a self-adaptive sampling frequency adjusting algorithm to acquire data.
5. The adaptive adjustable sampling frequency data acquisition system according to claim 1, further comprising a wireless communication module for communication between the intelligent control module and an external device.
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