CN111765960B - Method for extracting seismic signals of OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) optical cable based on distributed optical fiber sensing - Google Patents
Method for extracting seismic signals of OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) optical cable based on distributed optical fiber sensing Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/181—Geophones
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/10—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to calamitous events, e.g. tornados or earthquakes
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting seismic signals of an OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) optical cable based on distributed optical fiber sensing, which comprises the following steps: a. acquiring OPGW optical cable vibration data through a distributed optical fiber vibration detection device, and storing the acquired data as an original data file; b. analyzing data in the original data file, performing FFT spectrum analysis, and extracting data in a 280 Hz-380 Hz frequency band interval in a frequency spectrum; c. making a frequency-time line graph; d. screening mutation points from the change rate of the frequency-time line graph, and matching mutation point information with seismic information issued by a seismic platform network; e. extracting and analyzing data of three frequency bands near the mutation point to obtain frequency-time data of the three frequency bands; f. and (4) performing a thermodynamic diagram according to the frequency-time data of the three frequency bands, and searching the fan-shaped texture from the thermodynamic diagram. The invention does not need to erect a seismic wave detection sensor, has lower cost and is simple and practical.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to a seismic signal extraction method, in particular to a low-cost, simple and practical method for extracting an OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) seismic signal based on distributed optical fiber sensing.
[ background of the invention ]
At present, seismic wave detection systems are mostly used in national professional institutions, seismic wave detection devices are mostly precise instruments, the price is high, the size is large, and the seismic wave detection devices need to be installed and embedded in specific regions and depths. Therefore, the existing earthquake monitoring system has the defects of large floor area, higher cost, being not beneficial to large-area popularization and use and the like.
The distributed optical fiber sensor has the characteristics of sensing and signal transmission, and can realize continuous measurement along the optical fiber distribution. Compared with a point type sensor and a quasi-distributed sensor, the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology has obvious advantages, the whole optical fiber has sensitivity to external signals, the monitoring range is wide, the anti-interference capability is strong, and the engineering deployment is convenient. In the aspect of seismic wave monitoring, compared with a traditional electronic detector, the optical fiber has the advantages of being high in cost, spatial resolution, signal anti-interference and construction convenience, and is widely applied to the field of vibration monitoring in recent years. Therefore, if the existing distributed optical fiber sensing technology can be applied to seismic monitoring, the above-mentioned defects of the existing seismic monitoring system can be overcome.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a simple, practical and low-cost method for extracting seismic signals of an OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) optical cable based on distributed optical fiber sensing without additionally erecting a seismic wave detection wave sensor.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention provides an OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) cable seismic signal extraction method based on distributed optical fiber sensing, which comprises the following steps:
a. installing a distributed optical fiber vibration detection device in a transformer substation machine room, collecting OPGW optical cable vibration data through the distributed optical fiber vibration detection device, and storing the collected data as an original data file;
b. analyzing data in the original data file, then performing FFT spectrum analysis, and extracting data in a 280 Hz-380 Hz frequency band interval in the spectrum;
c. b, accumulating the frequency spectrum data extracted in the step b into a vertical coordinate by taking time as a horizontal coordinate and frequency in a 280 Hz-380 Hz frequency band interval as a frequency-time line graph;
d. screening out catastrophe points from the change rate of the frequency-time line graph obtained in the step c, and matching catastrophe point information with seismic information issued by a seismic table network;
e. extracting and analyzing three frequency band data from the data in the original data file near the mutation point to obtain frequency-time data of three frequency bands;
f. and e, working a thermodynamic diagram according to the frequency-time data of the three frequency bands in the step e, and searching fan-shaped textures from the thermodynamic diagram so as to analyze and judge the information of the time of the seismic waves reaching the power transmission line, the influence range and the ending time.
In the step a, the acquired data are respectively stored as a group of original data files according to a time interval of 5-6 seconds as a unit, and each group of original data files are three-dimensional data containing space and time of vibration intensity change.
In the step b, analyzing data in the original data file to obtain time domain data of each file space point represented by the intensity distribution of each space sampling point within 5-6 seconds, and then performing FFT spectrum analysis on the time domain data of each file space point.
Further, the FFT spectrum analysis is to perform FFT spectrum analysis on the time sampling data of each file space point, extract data in a 280 Hz-380 Hz frequency band interval in the spectrum from the spectrum data for accumulation, take each file as a group, and perform average value accumulation on the 280 Hz-380 Hz spectrum in each group of file space to obtain a time-frequency point value.
In the step c, the time is the acquisition time of each group of files.
And d, performing first-order differential processing on the frequency-time line graph to screen out the mutation points, wherein the characteristics of the mutation points can be characterized by one or more of peak time points, rising time consumption, rising heights, rising rates, falling time consumption, falling heights and falling rates, and the mutation points are non-earthquake periods when the fluctuation of the differential data is stable, and earthquake periods when the differential data has obvious mutation.
Further, after the mutation points are screened out, time corresponding to the mutation points is matched with seismic information issued by the seismic platform network, mutual verification is carried out, and whether the seismic issuing time is matched with the extracted mutation time is checked.
In step e, the three frequency bands are respectively: the data extraction method comprises the following steps of A, extracting data from a first frequency band of 20-150 Hz, a second frequency band of 140-280 Hz and a third frequency band of 270-400 Hz: and respectively carrying out FFT spectrum analysis on the data of each file space point, extracting three frequency band accumulated data in the frequency spectrum to obtain three frequency band frequency accumulated values of each space point of the current file time, and finally splicing the data processed by each file in time.
In the step f, the thermodynamic diagram is a three-dimensional chromatogram which is drawn in the same diagram for three frequency band data, wherein an x axis is a space position, a y axis is time, a z axis is a frequency band frequency accumulated value, and the fan-shaped texture is a sudden change generated under the influence of seismic waves.
Further, the spatial position is represented by a tower number.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of collecting OPGW optical cable vibration data through a distributed optical fiber vibration detection device, extracting accumulated data in a 280 Hz-380 Hz frequency band interval in a frequency spectrum after analyzing and FFT frequency spectrum analysis of the collected data, drawing a frequency-time diagram, rapidly screening earthquake occurrence time according to frequency-time change rate, and extracting earthquake wave fan-shaped textures from a frequency-time three-dimensional chromatogram drawing three frequency bands. The seismic wave signal extracted by the invention can be used for analyzing and judging the information of the time of the seismic wave reaching the power transmission line, the influence range and the ending time. The invention can extract seismic wave signals while meeting the requirement of vibration monitoring by using the existing distributed optical sensing vibration monitoring system and based on OPGW optical cable vibration data acquired by distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring. The invention does not need to erect a seismic wave detection sensor, has lower cost, is simple and practical, and can form large-area popularization and seismic wave monitoring and early warning by utilizing the network distribution of the power transmission line.
[ description attached drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a frequency-time line graph of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the location of the mutation point in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a thermodynamic diagram of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples are further illustrative and supplementary to the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for extracting seismic signals of an OPGW optical cable based on distributed optical fiber sensing of the present invention includes the following steps:
and S10, acquiring OPGW optical cable vibration data through the distributed optical fiber vibration detection device, and storing the acquired data as an original data file.
In the step, firstly, a distributed optical fiber vibration monitoring device is installed in a transformer substation machine room, OPGW optical cable vibration data are collected through the distributed optical fiber vibration monitoring device, and the collected data are stored as original data files. Of course, the distributed optical fiber vibration detection device is not limited to be installed in a substation room, and can be installed in any place with an optical fiber interface. In the embodiment, whether the time of the acquired original data files is continuous is checked, the acquired data are respectively stored as a group of original data files by taking a time interval of 5-6 seconds as a unit, and each group of original data files are three-dimensional data including space and time with variable vibration intensity. The optical fiber inside the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire (OPGW) of the power transmission line in the embodiment can be directly used as a sensor, when an earthquake occurs, transverse waves of seismic waves are diffused to the periphery, the power transmission line is generally dozens or hundreds of kilometers, time difference exists when each tower is influenced by the seismic waves, longitudinal slopes of the seismic waves can be conducted to the line along an iron tower, and accordingly vibration of the OPGW optical cable is abnormal, and measurement of the seismic signals can be achieved by monitoring the OPGW vibration signals.
And S20, analyzing the data in the original data file, performing FFT spectrum analysis, and extracting the data in the band interval of 280Hz to 380Hz in the spectrum.
In the step, after data in an original data file are analyzed, the data are represented as vibration intensity distribution of each space sampling point within 5-6 seconds, time domain data of each file space point are obtained through analysis, and then FFT spectrum analysis is carried out on the time domain data of each file space point. The FFT spectrum analysis is that FFT spectrum analysis is respectively carried out on time sampling data of each file space point, data in a 280 Hz-380 Hz frequency band interval in the frequency spectrum are extracted from the frequency spectrum data and accumulated, each file is taken as a group, and the 280 Hz-380 Hz frequency spectrum accumulation on each group of file space is averaged to obtain a time-frequency point value.
And S30, drawing a frequency-time line graph.
In this step, a frequency-time line graph is drawn with time as the abscissa and frequency as the ordinate. Wherein, the time is the acquisition time of each group of files, and the frequency is the frequency accumulation of the frequency band interval of 280 Hz-380 Hz. Therefore, each file can obtain a value, the collected file data is extracted according to the method and then a frequency-time line graph is drawn, and abnormal time can be found quickly. In the present embodiment, the frequency-time line graph is shown in fig. 2, taking data from 2019, 7 and 2 days to 2019, 7 and 5 days as an example.
S40, selecting catastrophe points from the change rate of the frequency-time line graph, and matching catastrophe point information with seismic information issued by a seismic table network.
In the step, a first-order difference is made on the frequency-time line graph, and a catastrophe point is screened out, wherein the catastrophe point characteristic can be represented by one or more of a peak time point, a rising time consumption, a rising height, a rising speed, a falling time consumption, a falling height and a falling speed. And the earthquake time is determined when the fluctuation of the difference data is stable and the earthquake time is determined when the difference data has obvious mutation. Specifically, as can be seen from fig. 2, there were 8 distinct mutation points in the data between 2019, 7/month 2 and 2019, 7/month 5. The table 1 shows the seismic information of the Chinese seismic table net near the equipment installation site:
TABLE 1 earthquake information released by Chinese earthquake table net
Comparing the data in the table 1 with the data in the figure 2, and verifying that the earthquake occurrence time issued by the earthquake table net in China is completely consistent with the time difference of the catastrophe points in the figure 2. In order to further accurately change the abnormal time and facilitate screening, the frequency-time line graph is subjected to first-order difference, and data change rate characteristics are extracted. In this embodiment, data at the time 2019-07-0410: 17:58 is selected for specific analysis, an enlarged view of the position of the mutation point is shown in fig. 3, and the following features can be extracted according to the mutation waveform: peak time point, rise time, rise height, rise rate, fall time, fall height, fall rate; the earthquake of the time is 5.6 grades, the depth of the earthquake source is shallow, and the processed frequency-time line graph has large abnormal sudden change when the earthquake comes. The data processing method can effectively reduce data dimensionality, can quickly detect abnormal moments in massive original data files, and can also be combined with an association model of abnormal mutation characteristics and seismic intensity to screen and eliminate data interference.
And S50, extracting and analyzing the data near the mutation point to obtain frequency-time data of three frequency bands.
In the step, the time corresponding to the catastrophe point can be used as the suspected earthquake time, and data near the earthquake occurrence time needs to be further processed after the earthquake occurrence time is found, so that the influence of the earthquake on the power transmission line can be comprehensively known. Therefore, the present embodiment performs three frequency band data analyses on the data in the original data file near the time corresponding to the found mutation point. Specifically, three frequency bands are selected for frequency-time data extraction for three times, FFT spectrum analysis is respectively carried out on data of each file space point, three frequency band accumulated data in the frequency spectrum are respectively extracted, and each file data is processed in the above way, so that three frequency-time data of different space positions can be obtained. Wherein, the three selected frequency bands are respectively: the first frequency band is 20-150 Hz, the second frequency band is 140-280 Hz, and the third frequency band is 270-400 Hz. In this embodiment, the three frequency-time data extraction methods are as follows: and respectively carrying out FFT spectrum analysis on the data of each file space point, extracting three frequency band accumulated data in the frequency spectrum to obtain three frequency band frequency accumulated values of each space point of the current file time, and finally splicing the data processed by each file in time.
And S60, taking the frequency-time data of the three frequency bands as a thermodynamic diagram, and searching fan-shaped textures from the thermodynamic diagram to analyze and judge the information of the time of the seismic waves reaching the power transmission line, the influence range and the ending time.
In the step, frequency-time data of three frequency bands are drawn into a three-dimensional thermodynamic diagram according to time, space and frequency, wherein an x axis is a space position and can be represented by a pole tower number; the y axis is time, and the time is continuous file acquisition time; the z-axis is the band frequency accumulation. And superposing the three frequency band data in a three-dimensional chromatogram map for drawing. In the embodiment, data of a period near the occurrence of an earthquake of 2019-07-0312: 26:53 are processed, and a three-dimensional thermodynamic diagram is drawn as shown in fig. 4. Clear sector-shaped textures can be seen from fig. 4, and seismic waves can be seen to firstly reach 8-30 # towers of the power transmission line and then gradually spread to the large-size end. The fan-shaped texture is a sudden change generated when a time domain data thermodynamic diagram spectrogram is affected by seismic waves, so that information such as the time when the seismic waves reach the power transmission line, the influence range, the ending time and the like can be analyzed and judged according to the extracted fan-shaped texture.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for extracting seismic signals of an OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) optical cable based on distributed optical fiber sensing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. installing a distributed optical fiber vibration detection device in a transformer substation machine room, collecting OPGW optical cable vibration data through the distributed optical fiber vibration detection device, and storing the collected data as an original data file;
b. analyzing data in an original data file, then performing FFT spectrum analysis, extracting data in a 280 Hz-380 Hz frequency band interval in a frequency spectrum, analyzing the data in the original data file to show vibration intensity distribution of each space sampling point within 5-6 seconds, analyzing to obtain time domain data of each file space point, and then performing FFT spectrum analysis on the time domain data of each file space point; the FFT spectrum analysis is that FFT spectrum analysis is respectively carried out on time sampling data of each file space point, data in a 280 Hz-380 Hz frequency band interval in the frequency spectrum are extracted from the frequency spectrum data and accumulated, each file is taken as a group, and the 280 Hz-380 Hz frequency spectrum accumulation on each group of file space is averaged to obtain a time-frequency point value;
c. b, accumulating the frequency spectrum data extracted in the step b into a vertical coordinate by taking time as a horizontal coordinate and frequency in a 280 Hz-380 Hz frequency band interval as a frequency-time line graph;
d. screening out catastrophe points from the change rate of the frequency-time line graph obtained in the step c, and matching catastrophe point information with seismic information issued by a seismic table network;
e. extracting and analyzing three frequency band data from the data in the original data file near the mutation point to obtain frequency-time data of three frequency bands;
f. and e, working a thermodynamic diagram according to the frequency-time data of the three frequency bands in the step e, and searching fan-shaped textures from the thermodynamic diagram so as to analyze and judge the information of the time of the seismic waves reaching the power transmission line, the influence range and the ending time.
2. The method for extracting the seismic signals of the OPGW based on the distributed optical fiber sensing, as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step a, the collected data are respectively stored as a group of original data files according to a time interval of 5-6 seconds, and each group of original data files are three-dimensional data including space and time of vibration intensity changes.
3. The method for extracting the seismic signal of the OPGW optical cable based on distributed optical fiber sensing of claim 1, wherein in step c, the time is the acquisition time of each group of files.
4. The method for extracting the seismic signal of the OPGW optical cable based on distributed optical fiber sensing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step d, the frequency-time line graph is subjected to a first order differential processing to screen out the mutation point, and the mutation point characteristics can be characterized by one or more of a peak time point, a rising time, a rising height, a rising rate, a falling time, a falling height and a falling rate, and are a non-seismic period when the fluctuation of the differential data is stable, and are an seismic period when the differential data has an obvious mutation.
5. The method for extracting the seismic signal of the OPGW optical cable based on the distributed optical fiber sensing as claimed in claim 4, wherein after the mutation point is screened out, time matching is carried out on time corresponding to the mutation point and seismic information issued by a seismic network, mutual verification is carried out, and whether the seismic issuing time is consistent with the extracted mutation time is checked.
6. The method for extracting the seismic signal of the OPGW optical cable based on distributed optical fiber sensing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step e, the three frequency bands are: the data extraction method comprises the following steps of A, extracting data from a first frequency band of 20-150 Hz, a second frequency band of 140-280 Hz and a third frequency band of 270-400 Hz: and respectively carrying out FFT spectrum analysis on the data of each file space point, extracting three frequency band accumulated data in the frequency spectrum to obtain three frequency band frequency accumulated values of each space point of the current file time, and finally splicing the data processed by each file in time.
7. The method for extracting seismic signals of an OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) cable based on distributed optical fiber sensing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step f, the thermodynamic diagram is a three-dimensional chromatogram map drawn by three frequency band data in the same diagram, wherein an x axis is a spatial position, a y axis is time, a z axis is a frequency band frequency accumulated value, and the fan-shaped texture is an abrupt change generated by the influence of seismic waves.
8. The method for extracting OPGW cable seismic signals based on distributed optical fiber sensing as claimed in claim 7, wherein the spatial location is represented by a tower number.
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