CN108827445B - A kind of fully distributed fiber vibration sensing method and device - Google Patents
A kind of fully distributed fiber vibration sensing method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108827445B CN108827445B CN201810389171.6A CN201810389171A CN108827445B CN 108827445 B CN108827445 B CN 108827445B CN 201810389171 A CN201810389171 A CN 201810389171A CN 108827445 B CN108827445 B CN 108827445B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fully distributed fiber vibration sensing methods, multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signals with different polarization states are implanted sequentially sensor fibre, and acquire the optical time domain reflection signal for having each spatial point optical signal polarization state change profile information of sensor fibre corresponding to each linear polarization pulse detection optical signal respectively；Spectrum analysis is carried out respectively to obtained optical time domain reflection signal, obtain a series of corresponding different polarization states detection light along optical fiber frequency spectrum, then by obtained along optical fiber spectral overlay together, and multiple spot vibration event and its position are determined from superposition along optical fiber frequency spectrum according to the frequency difference of signal at sensor fibre different location and amplitude difference.The invention also discloses a kind of fully distributed fiber vibration sensors.Compared with prior art, the present invention can solve the inhomogenous problem of amplitude, so as to effectively distinguish the identical vibration of frequency on multiple and different positions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fully distributed fiber vibration sensing method and devices, belong to technical field of optical fiber sensing.
Background technique
When optical fiber is influenced by external environment (such as temperature, pressure, vibration etc.), the intensity of transmission light in optical fiber, phase,
Frequency, the parameters such as polarization state will change accordingly, can obtain homologue by these parameters of measurement transmission light
Reason amount, this technology are known as optical fiber sensing technology.
Relative to traditional electric quantity type sensor, fibre optical sensor has high sensitivity, and electromagnetism interference is small in size, valence
The advantages of lattice are cheap, can carry out remote distributed measurement, therefore since late 1970s, optical fiber sensing technology obtains
Extensive development occurs based on Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of Raman scattering etc.,
Middle polarized light time domain reflection technology (POTDR) is a kind of relatively conventional Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques.
The variation of its polarization state is when POTDR is propagated in a fiber using direct impulse light come to the event progress along optical fiber
Sensing.Its basic system structure is as shown in Figure 1, the pulsed light of pulse laser transmitting is changed into linear polarization after the polarizer
Light, after enter in sensor fibre by circulator；When pulsed light forward-propagating, scattering, reverse propagation in a fiber, polarization
Due to birefringent in optical fiber corresponding change occurs for state, in optical fiber front end using analyzer to the polarization of the Rayleigh scattering light of return
State carries out analyzing, and then the sensing to event along optical fiber is realized by the analysis that polarization state changes.The polarization caused by vibrating
State changes as shown in Figure 2.When the dl section on sensor fibre is vibrated effect, the double of dl sections of optical fiber are changed due to vibrating
Refraction, so ExAnd EyPhase difference φ=Δ β × dl of component will change.Directly cause the polarization state of rear orientation light
Variation, and with vibrating regular variation.Therefore light can be converted by the rule of polarization variations using analyzer
Strength Changes obtain the information of vibration.
Existing POTDR system is using recurrent pulses optical signal as probe source, each pulse detection light injection fibre
Obtain a power curve along optical fiber, comprising the polarization information on each position of moment optical fiber, primary complete detection by
Multiple pulse detection light are implanted sequentially optical fiber, obtain a plurality of curve, thus obtain along optical fiber position polarization information by
The rule of time change.The prior art generallys use Spectral Analysis Method and analyzes above-mentioned data, and specific method is to each
The signal obtained in chronological order on position is FFT, has thus obtained the spectrum information of the polarization variations along optical fiber (referred to as
Along optical fiber frequency spectrum).But there are certain drawbacks for this method: when detection light is after first vibration position, backward Rayleigh dissipates
It penetrates light and will receive the modulation of the vibration, so showing one in the spectrogram along fiber distribution from the first vibration position
Continuous curve.Such as Fig. 3, there are the vibration that frequency is 10Hz at 2000m, have 10Hz's on each position thereafter
Frequency component.So traditional POTDR technology can only detect first when sensor fibre vibration identical there are multiple frequencies
The position of a vibration, vibration information thereafter can be submerged.Causing such case is propagated in general single mode fiber due to light
When there are polarization evolution, polarization state on different location have uncertainty, the optical power after analyzing on each position
Also there can be a uncertainty, the frequency component of such as Fig. 3,12Hz the case where there is random fluctuations.It is inhomogenous due to amplitude, when
In vibration identical there are frequency on multiple positions, it is difficult to distinguish the vibration on different location in amplitude.Tradition simultaneously
The signal amplitude fluctuations of POTDR are big, and there are certain randomnesss for the original state of polarization at vibration position, cause at certain positions
Signal amplitude is too small and is not easy to detect event.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in existing POTDR technical deficiency is overcome, a kind of full distributed light is provided
Fine vibration sensing method can solve the inhomogenous problem of amplitude, so as to effectively distinguish the frequency on multiple and different positions
The identical vibration of rate, and the rate of failing to report to vibration detecting is effectively reduced.
The present invention specifically uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
A kind of fully distributed fiber vibration sensing method believes multiple linear polarization pulse detection light with different polarization states
Number it is implanted sequentially sensor fibre, and is acquired corresponding to each linear polarization pulse detection optical signal respectively with each space of sensor fibre
The optical time domain reflection signal of point optical signal polarization state change profile information；Frequency is carried out respectively to obtained optical time domain reflection signal
Spectrum analysis, obtain a series of corresponding different polarization states detection light along optical fiber frequency spectrum, then folded obtained along optical fiber frequency spectrum
Be added together, and according to the frequency difference of signal at sensor fibre different location and amplitude difference from superposition along optical fiber frequency spectrum
Determine multiple spot vibration event and its position.
Preferably, the multiple linear polarization pulse detection with different polarization states is obtained by automatically controlled Polarization Controller
Optical signal.
Preferably, angle of the multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signal between polarization state and a fixed analyzer is 0
Equally distributed multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signals within the scope of to 2 π.
Following technical scheme can also be obtained according to identical invention thinking:
A kind of fully distributed fiber vibration sensor, comprising:
Photogenerated module is detected, for being implanted sequentially multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signals with different polarization states
Sensor fibre；
Polarization-optical time domain reflectometry, for being acquired corresponding to each linear polarization pulse detection optical signal respectively with sense light
The optical time domain reflection signal of fine each spatial point optical signal polarization state change profile information；
Signal processing module obtains a series of for carrying out spectrum analysis respectively to obtained optical time domain reflection signal
Corresponding different polarization states detection light along optical fiber frequency spectrum, then by obtained along optical fiber spectral overlay together, and according to biography
It is photosensitive fibre different location at signal frequency difference and amplitude difference from superposition along optical fiber frequency spectrum determine multiple spot vibration event
And its position.
Preferably, the detection photogenerated module includes:
Pulse laser is used for output optical pulse signal；
Automatically controlled Polarization Controller is controlled for the polarization state to pulse laser institute output optical pulse signal, with life
At multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signals with different polarization states.
Preferably, angle of the multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signal between polarization state and a fixed analyzer is 0
Equally distributed multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signals within the scope of to 2 π.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has the advantages that
The present invention is in existing POTDR technical foundation, by sensing one group of detection light with ergodic polarization state
The method of optical time domain reflection Signal averaging in optical fiber solves the problems, such as that amplitude is inhomogenous, distinguishes to may be implemented in amplitude
The identical vibration of frequency on multiple positions out, while due also to improve signal amplitude on the whole, vibration can be improved to a certain extent
The discrimination of dynamic event.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the basic structure schematic diagram of existing POTDR system；
Fig. 2 is the detection schematic diagram of existing POTDR system；
Fig. 3 is optical time domain reflection signal spectrum detected by existing POTDR system；
Fig. 4 is the principle of the present invention schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the signal spectrum after the obtained optical time domain reflection Signal averaging of optical fiber vibration sensing device of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of one preferred embodiment of optical fiber vibration sensing device of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the comparison of the present invention with the obtained a certain frequency component signal of the prior art；
Fig. 8 is that the obtained signal spectrum of the method for the present invention is used in verification test；
Fig. 9 is that the obtained signal spectrum of conventional method is used in verification test.
Specific embodiment
In existing POTDR technology, use the linear polarization pulsed optical signals of single polarization state as detection light, due to inclined
Vibration evolution, which will lead to gained same frequency component along optical fiber frequency spectrum, has that amplitude is inhomogenous, deposits when on multiple positions
In the identical vibration of frequency, it is difficult to distinguish the vibration on different location.To solve this problem, thinking of the invention be
In existing POTDR technical foundation, by the way that one group of detection light with ergodic polarization state is obtained along optical fiber spectral overlay
Method solve the problems, such as that amplitude is inhomogenous, to may be implemented in amplitude distinguish the identical vibration of frequency on multiple positions
It is dynamic.Specifically, the used technical solution of the present invention is specific as follows:
A kind of fully distributed fiber vibration sensing method believes multiple linear polarization pulse detection light with different polarization states
Number it is implanted sequentially sensor fibre, and is acquired corresponding to each linear polarization pulse detection optical signal respectively with each space of sensor fibre
The optical time domain reflection signal of point optical signal polarization state change profile information；Frequency is carried out respectively to obtained optical time domain reflection signal
Spectrum analysis, obtain a series of corresponding different polarization states detection light along optical fiber frequency spectrum, then folded obtained along optical fiber frequency spectrum
Be added together, and according to the frequency difference of signal at sensor fibre different location and amplitude difference from superposition along optical fiber frequency spectrum
Determine multiple spot vibration event and its position.
A kind of fully distributed fiber vibration sensor, comprising:
Photogenerated module is detected, for being implanted sequentially multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signals with different polarization states
Sensor fibre；
Polarization-optical time domain reflectometry, for being acquired corresponding to each linear polarization pulse detection optical signal respectively with sense light
The optical time domain reflection signal of fine each spatial point optical signal polarization state change profile information；
Signal processing module obtains a series of for carrying out spectrum analysis respectively to obtained optical time domain reflection signal
Corresponding different polarization states detection light along optical fiber frequency spectrum, then by obtained along optical fiber spectral overlay together, and according to biography
It is photosensitive fibre different location at signal frequency difference and amplitude difference from superposition along optical fiber frequency spectrum determine multiple spot vibration event
And its position.
In order to realize the traversal of detection polarization state as far as possible, it is preferred to use the angle between polarization state and a fixed analyzer
Equally distributed multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signals within the scope of 0 to 2 π.The different polarization states used in a cycle
The quantity of linear polarization pulse detection optical signal is more, then high to the discrimination of different location once per revolution vibration, sensing accuracy is good, but simultaneously
Required time of measuring is long, and measurement efficiency is low；Therefore particular number needs flexibly to determine according to actual needs.
It is assumed that detection light original state of polarization before vibration position is linear polarization, and EyIt is pressed from both sides with analyzer
Angle isAnd due to the E of vibration introducingxAnd EyThe phase difference of component isLight intensity expression so after analyzing is
[Excos(φ)+Eysin(φ+Vφ)]2, the wherein amplitude and frequency dependence of Δ φ=Acos (ω t+ θ)+B and vibration.Using
The method for one group of detection light with ergodic polarization state of use that the present invention is mentioned is equivalent to initial linear polarization and analyzing
The angle of deviceIt adds up on 0 to 2 π.
It is shown below:
Wherein φ be vibration position at detect light original state of polarization and analyzer angle, Δ φ=Acos (ω t+ θ)+
B indicates the E that vibration introducesxAnd EyPhase difference.For traditional POTDR, φ has uncertainty, so on some position
Amplitude is uncertain.And scheme proposed by the present invention adds up on 0 to 2 π to φ so that vibration amplitude item Q (k, A,
B) tend towards stability value.It is above-mentioned calculation shows that, when using a series of detection light carry out detection and its original state of polarization have traversal
Property when, different initial phases φ's as a result, again by these results addeds on the corresponding each position of detection each time is equivalent to every
Primary integral has been carried out to φ at a position, so that the amplitude at each position tends towards stability, frequency spectrum point can be effectively eliminated
Measure the fluctuation random along optical fiber.The identical vibration of frequency on multiple positions can be distinguished in amplitude at this time, such as Fig. 5 institute
Show.
Fig. 6 shows a specific embodiment of vibration sensor of the present invention.As shown in fig. 6, data processing and control
The pulse signal and its synchronization signal that device generates modulate straight tune pulse laser respectively and generate light pulse and triggering A/D sampling module
Data acquisition is carried out, it is synchronous to guarantee that incident detection optical signal is sampled with A/D.Meanwhile synchronization signal controls electricity after frequency dividing
Polarization Controller is controlled, the repetition rate and required system frequency resolution ratio of pulse are specifically dependent upon.In traditional POTDR technology
Incident light polarization state is fixed, and the obtained power along optical fiber different location after analyzing is there are randomness, and the technology of the present invention
In scheme, the synchronization signal in data processing and controller can change incident light polarization periodically through automatically controlled Polarization Controller
State, incident light polarization state of every change, system are once detected, are had when obtaining the incoming polarization state by data processing
The frequency spectrum of the optical time domain reflection signal of each spatial point optical signal polarization state change profile information of sensor fibre.Then controller changes
Incident light to another polarization state, complete once to detect again by system.It repeats the above steps by default number.To finally own
Optical time domain reflection signal spectrum in detection cycle is superimposed to obtain final signal spectrum, since final signal spectrum contains
Information under different incident light polarization states is equivalent to and is integrated on different location to the initial phase φ of detection light, this
When system can eliminate influence of the polarization evolution to vibration detecting result, it is suppressed that the random fluctuation of amplitude.
As shown in fig. 7, a certain frequency point in the superposed signal frequency spectrum that block curve therein obtains for the method for the present invention
Amount, dashed curve are the frequency component that tradition POTDR technology obtains.The variance of block curve is 1.98*10^9, dashed curve
Variance be 7.59*10^9.It can be seen that block curve amplitude gets a promotion, fluctuation is obviously reduced, and rising edge and decline
Edge is more precipitous, effectively reduces the difficulty of vibration event judgement, is conducive to the differentiation and positioning of event.Illustrate the present invention compared with
Traditional POTDR system has higher signal-to-noise ratio, reduces the rate of failing to report of system.
In addition, also having carried out the vibration experiment of the identical frequency on three positions to verify effect of the present invention.Experiment difference
The vibration that frequency is all 11Hz is provided at 500m, 1000m, 1500m.Fig. 8 is using the resulting signal frequency of the method for the present invention
Spectrum, it can be seen that other than the 11Hz frequency component for starting to occur at 500m, amplitude is equally also sent out at 1000m and 1500m
Apparent mutation has been given birth to, the vibration on second and third position is corresponded to, wherein amplitude increases at 1000m, amplitude at 1500m
Reduce, this phenomenon is as caused by the phase difference vibrated on different location.And the prior art that compares is using single incidence
In the case where polarization state, the frequency component variation in Fig. 9 is irregular, can not effectively distinguish second and third vibration.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of fully distributed fiber vibration sensing method, which is characterized in that by multiple linear polarization arteries and veins with different polarization states
Punching detection optical signal is implanted sequentially sensor fibre, and is acquired corresponding to each linear polarization pulse detection optical signal respectively with sensing
The optical time domain reflection signal of each spatial point optical signal polarization state change profile information of optical fiber, the multiple linear polarization pulse detection light
Angle of the signal between polarization state and a fixed analyzer equally distributed multiple linear polarization pulse detection light within the scope of 0 to 2 π
Signal；Spectrum analysis is carried out to obtained optical time domain reflection signal respectively, obtains a series of corresponding different polarization states detection light
Along optical fiber frequency spectrum, then by obtained along optical fiber spectral overlay together, and according to signal at sensor fibre different location
Frequency difference and amplitude difference from superposition multiple spot vibration event and its position are determined along optical fiber frequency spectrum.
2. method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that obtained by automatically controlled Polarization Controller the multiple with difference
The linear polarization pulse detection optical signal of polarization state.
3. a kind of fully distributed fiber vibration sensor characterized by comprising
Photogenerated module is detected, for multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signals with different polarization states to be implanted sequentially sensing
Optical fiber, angle of the multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signal between polarization state and a fixed analyzer is within the scope of 0 to 2 π
Equally distributed multiple linear polarization pulse detection optical signals；
Polarization-optical time domain reflectometry, it is each with sensor fibre corresponding to each linear polarization pulse detection optical signal for acquiring respectively
The optical time domain reflection signal of spatial point optical signal polarization state change profile information；
Signal processing module obtains a series of correspondences for carrying out spectrum analysis respectively to obtained optical time domain reflection signal
Different polarization states detect light along optical fiber frequency spectrum, then by obtained along optical fiber spectral overlay together, and according to sense light
At fine different location the frequency difference of signal and amplitude difference determined along optical fiber frequency spectrum from superposition multiple spot vibration event and its
Position.
4. device as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the detection photogenerated module includes:
Pulse laser is used for output optical pulse signal；
Automatically controlled Polarization Controller is controlled for the polarization state to pulse laser institute output optical pulse signal, more to generate
A linear polarization pulse detection optical signal with different polarization states.
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| CN110231059B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-03-18 | 南京大学 | Optical cable wiring structure for measuring disturbance based on POTDR system |
| CN111089646A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-01 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for detecting position of pipeline external water entering buried pipeline or hidden culvert by using distributed optical fiber |
| CN111780857B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2022-02-15 | 南京曦光信息科技有限公司 | Multi-point disturbance positioning detection method of P-OTDR system based on harmonic accumulation |
| CN111765960B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-02-25 | 国网山西省电力公司太原供电公司 | Method for extracting seismic signals of OPGW (optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) optical cable based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN112729144B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-08-19 | 南京大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensing-based multi-path photoelectric composite cable distinguishing method |
| CN115388801B (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-03-24 | 苏州光格科技股份有限公司 | Submarine cable strain monitoring method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
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