CN110440837A - A kind of synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber and sensing acquisition method - Google Patents
A kind of synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber and sensing acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
Abstract
The present invention relates to technical field of optical fiber sensing, more particularly to a kind of synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber and sensing acquisition method, method includes: to be utilized respectively Fiber Bragg Grating technology, Raman optical time domain reflection technology and polarized-light technique, synchronizes sensing measurement to the different fibre cores in multi-core optical fiber；The data that Fiber Bragg Grating technology and Raman optical time domain reflection technology acquire are subjected to integrated treatment, obtain multi-core optical fiber current temperature value and strain value；The data that Fiber Bragg Grating technology and polarized-light technique acquire are subjected to integrated treatment, whether whole optical fiber link on have vibration or strain, and obtain the current vibration frequency value of multi-core optical fiber if determining.The present invention utilizes Fiber Bragg Grating technology, Raman optical time domain reflectometer technology and polarized-light technique simultaneously, cooperate the multidiameter delay optical link of multi-core optical fiber, measurement is synchronized to the different fibre cores in multi-core optical fiber, sensing while realizing strain to optical fiber, temperature and vibration, application is more extensive.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to technical field of optical fiber sensing, and in particular to a kind of synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber and sensing
Acquisition method.
[background technique]
Multi-core optical fiber is the optical fiber in single covering comprising multiple fibre cores, utilizes the space division multiplexing skill based on multi-core optical fiber
Art can be realized more highdensity data transmission in terms of optic communication, new use can be similarly expanded out in terms of light sensing
Method.It is well known that optical fiber sensing technology usually can realize each on optical fiber link due to using optical fiber as sensor
The continuous measurement of point, and distance sensing is up to dozens of kilometres.And other than the general character advantage having with other optical fiber sensing technologies,
Fibre optical sensor also has following several special advantages: the advantage that space structure advantage, parameter compensation advantage and channel integrate.
For example, multiple fibre cores of multi-core optical fiber have the advantage of space structure, thus the phase by means of multiple fibre cores in an optical fiber
To the difference of geometric position and structure, the song of optical fiber can be finally inversed by by the bending strain and torsional strain of space geometry structure
Rate and torsion rate information, to be sensed by the 3D shape that reconstruct can be realized as curvature of space and torsion；For another example, due to more
Multiple fibre cores of core fibre are integrated in the covering of a hundreds of microns, and the environment temperature of each point can be considered approximately uniform, because
The variation for the optical path that this multiple fiber core is constituted is also approximately uniform, just realizes the temperature-compensating of multi-pass automatically.
Currently, multi-core optical fiber can be used for being bent, strain in terms of mechanical parameter, the measurement of acceleration etc., wherein the most extensively
Be for crooked sensory；Multi-core optical fiber also has very important application in terms of temperature sensing, has proposition at present based on double
The temperature sensing scheme of the multi-core optical fibers such as core, seven cores, 19 cores；In addition to this, there are also the researchs in terms of refractive index sensing.
Traditional Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques mainly have Fiber Bragg Grating technology, optical fiber Brillouin sensing technology, Raman light
Time domain reflection technology, polarized-light technique, polarized light time domain reflection technology, phase sensitive optical time domain reflection technology and optical frequency domain are anti-
Skill etc. is penetrated, by corresponding Fibre Optical Sensor instrument, optical fiber can use according to the difference of measuring principle and realize to different physical quantities
Measurement, such as temperature, strain, vibration etc..However, current Fibre Optical Sensor instrument is generally all based on single-measurement principle
Instrument, measured physical quantity is single, measurement while cannot achieve more physical quantitys, therefore application scenarios are limited.In addition, certain
Measuring technique, such as Fiber Bragg Grating technology or optical fiber Brillouin sensing technology, measurement result have sound to temperature and strain
It answers, is difficult to distinguish in practical applications, limit use.
For example, on the one hand most of equipment for having cable laying is needed to prevent damage cable, on the other hand be needed
Monitor the working condition of cable, it is therefore desirable to can measure simultaneously and distinguish outer force-disturbance and temperature.For another example being supervised in bridge
Monitoring field is surveyed and built, induction vibration event (such as earthquake) is on the one hand required to, on the other hand needs to carry out fire etc.
Early warning, it is therefore desirable to vibration and temperature can be measured simultaneously.Under the above application scenarios, traditional Fibre Optical Sensor skill is utilized
Art is difficult to satisfy the use demand.
In consideration of it, overcoming defect present in the above-mentioned prior art is the art urgent problem to be solved.
[summary of the invention]
The technical problem to be solved in the invention is:
Traditional optical fiber sensing technology is commonly based on the realization of single-measurement principle, and the physical quantity surveyed is single, can not
Realize that the synchronization sensing measurement of many reference amounts, application scenarios are limited；And there is the sensing of response to multiple parameters for measurement result
Technology is difficult to carry out the differentiation and quantitative analysis of different parameters again in practical applications.
The present invention reaches above-mentioned purpose by following technical solution:
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber, including grating demodulation instrument, Raman
Temperature measurer, polarization analysis instrument, synchronous trigger circuit and processor；
The grating demodulation instrument, Raman temperature measurer and polarization analysis instrument pass through the corresponding external multi-core optical of optical fiber interface respectively
Fine different fibre cores, the grating demodulation instrument are used for temperature and strain sensing, and the Raman temperature measurer is used for temperature sensing, described
Polarization analysis instrument is for vibration and strain sensing；
The synchronous trigger circuit connects with three the grating demodulation instrument, Raman temperature measurer and polarization analysis instrument equipment respectively
It connects, for triggering, three equipment are synchronous to carry out light pulse emission and data acquisition；
The processor is connect with three the grating demodulation instrument, Raman temperature measurer and polarization analysis instrument instruments respectively, is used
In the data progress comprehensive analysis processing to three equipment acquisitions；Wherein, pass through the number to grating demodulation instrument and Raman temperature measurer
According to complementation analysis, the multi-core optical fiber current temperature value and strain value are obtained；By to grating demodulation instrument and polarization analysis instrument
Data complement analysis, judge whether there is disturbance on whole optical fiber link, and obtain the current vibration frequency of the multi-core optical fiber
Value.
Preferably, before the grating demodulation instrument is by the first fibre core in the external multi-core optical fiber of the first optical fiber interface
End；The front end that the Raman temperature measurer passes through the second fibre core in the external multi-core optical fiber of the second optical fiber interface；
The polarization analysis instrument is passed through by the front end of the third fibre core in the external multi-core optical fiber of third optical fiber interface
The front end of the 4th fibre core in the external multi-core optical fiber of 4th optical fiber interface, and the end of the third fibre core and the described 4th
The end of fibre core is connected.
Second aspect, the present invention provides a kind of synchronous sensing acquisition methods of many reference amounts optical fiber, using first aspect institute
The many reference amounts optical fiber stated synchronizes sensing acquisition instrument to realize, method includes:
Be utilized respectively Fiber Bragg Grating technology, Raman optical time domain reflection technology and polarized-light technique, in multi-core optical fiber not
Sensing measurement is synchronized with fibre core；
The data that Fiber Bragg Grating technology and Raman optical time domain reflection technology acquire are subjected to integrated treatment, obtain multi-core optical fiber
Temperature value and strain value in current environment parameter；
The data that Fiber Bragg Grating technology and polarized-light technique acquire are subjected to integrated treatment, determining on whole optical fiber link is
It is no to have vibration or strain, and obtain the vibration frequency value in multi-core optical fiber current environment parameter.
Preferably, the synchro measure of different fibre cores is realized by synchronous trigger circuit, specifically:
Synchronous trigger circuit is connect with grating demodulation instrument, Raman temperature measurer and polarization analysis instrument respectively, passes through the synchronization
Trigger circuit triggers the grating demodulation instrument, the Raman temperature measurer progress light pulse emission synchronous with the polarization analysis instrument
It is acquired with data.
Preferably, described to be utilized respectively Fiber Bragg Grating technology, Raman optical time domain reflection technology and polarized-light technique, to multicore
Different fibre cores in optical fiber synchronize sensing measurement, specifically include:
Sensing measurement is carried out to the first fibre core in multi-core optical fiber using Fiber Bragg Grating technology, obtains optical fiber Bradley in optical fiber
The wavelength variable quantity Δ λ of lattice gratingB；
Sensing measurement is carried out to the second fibre core in multi-core optical fiber using Raman optical time domain reflection technology, obtains this in optical fiber
The luminous flux ψ of lentor scattering lights(T) and anti-Stokes scattering light luminous flux ψas(T)；
Using polarized-light technique to third fibre core and the 4th fibre core progress sensing measurement in multi-core optical fiber, obtain in optical fiber
The situation of change of light intensity, and carry out the extraction of vibration frequency；Wherein, the end of the end of the third fibre core and the 4th fibre core
End is connected.
Preferably, the data that Fiber Bragg Grating technology and Raman optical time domain reflection technology are acquired carry out integrated treatment,
Multi-core optical fiber current temperature value and strain value are obtained, specifically:
The quantitative analysis of temperature is realized by Raman time domain reflection technology；By Raman time domain reflection technology to fiber grating
Technology carries out temperature-compensating, realizes the quantitative analysis of strain.
Preferably, the quantitative analysis that temperature is realized by Raman time domain reflection technology specifically: when according to Raman light
The ψ that domain reflection technology detectss(T) and ψas(T), the current temperature value T of the multi-core optical fiber is demodulated using Raman formula；
Described that temperature-compensating is carried out to Fiber Bragg Grating technology by Raman time domain reflection technology, realizing strain quantitative point
Analysis, specifically: the Δ λ that the temperature value T and Fiber Bragg Grating technology demodulated based on Raman formula is detectedB, utilize grating formula
Demodulate the current strain value ε of the multi-core optical fiber.
Preferably, the Raman formula specifically:
Wherein, T0For reference temperature, ψsFor the luminous flux of Stokes ratio in optical fiber under corresponding temperature, ψasFor correspondence
At a temperature of in optical fiber anti-Stokes scattering light luminous flux；μTFor Raman temperature coefficient, by being fitted determination in advance；
The grating formula specifically:
ΔλB=αεε+αTΔT
Wherein, αεFor grating strain coefficient, αTFor grating temperature coefficient, determined by fitting in advance.
Preferably, before being demodulated using Raman formula and grating formula, the method also includes:
It is repeatedly heated up to different temperature to multi-core optical fiber, and measures corresponding ψ respectivelysAnd ψas, determine and draw after fitting
Raman temperature coefficient μ in graceful formulaT；
It is repeatedly heated up to different temperature to multi-core optical fiber, and measures corresponding wavelength variable quantity respectively, after fitting really
Determine the grating temperature coefficient α in grating formulaTAnd the temperature range that grating formula is applicable；
Repeatedly apply different strains to multi-core optical fiber, and measure corresponding wavelength variable quantity respectively, is determined after fitting
Grating strain factor alpha in grating formulaεAnd the range of strain that grating formula is applicable.
Preferably, the data that Fiber Bragg Grating technology and polarized-light technique are acquired carry out integrated treatment, determine whole
Whether there are vibration or strain on optical fiber link, and obtain the current vibration frequency value of multi-core optical fiber, specifically:
The result that polarized-light technique qualitative analysis is vibrated is determined as the supplement of Fiber Bragg Grating technology point type vibration measurement
Whether vibration or strain are had on whole optical fiber link；
When recurring vibration and vibration there are when period-luminosity relation, in the certain time interval using polarized-light technique detection
Pulse change number, the current vibration frequency value of multi-core optical fiber is calculated.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
In the synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber provided by the invention and sensing acquisition method, fiber grating skill is utilized
Art, Raman optical time domain reflectometer technology and polarized-light technique cooperate the multidiameter delay optical link of multi-core optical fiber, in multi-core optical fiber
Different fibre cores synchronize measurement, sensed while realization to the strain of optical fiber, temperature and vibration, application scenarios are more wide
It is general；Wherein, by the combination of Fiber Bragg Grating technology and Raman optical time domain reflectometer technology, synchro measure and temperature can effectively be distinguished
And strain, quantitative analysis is carried out, and whole optical fiber can effectively be obtained by the combination of Fiber Bragg Grating technology and polarized-light technique
State.
[Detailed description of the invention]
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, will make below to required in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing is briefly described.It should be evident that drawings described below is only some embodiments of the present invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure composition figure of the synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the connection pass of a kind of synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber provided in an embodiment of the present invention and multi-core optical fiber
It is schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is a kind of demodulation principle schematic diagram of Fiber Bragg Grating technology provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the grating demodulation instrument based on spectrometer demodulation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation of the grating demodulation instrument based on edge filter demodulation demodulation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 6 is a kind of knot of the grating demodulation instrument based on tunable TEA CO2 laser demodulation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is a kind of structure of the grating demodulation instrument based on tunable narrowband optical source demodulation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of Raman temperature measurer provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of polarization analysis instrument provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram of the synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of another many reference amounts optical fiber provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is a kind of flow chart of the synchronous sensing acquisition method of many reference amounts optical fiber provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[specific embodiment]
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
In the description of the present invention, term "inner", "outside", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", "front", "rear" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only
For ease of description the present invention rather than require the present invention that must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore be not construed as
Limitation of the present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below that
Not constituting conflict between this can be combined with each other.
As described in the background art, traditional Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques mainly have in Fiber Bragg Grating technology, optical fiber cloth
Deep sensing technology, Raman optical time domain reflection technology, polarized-light technique, polarized light time domain reflection technology etc..In the present invention, mainly
The optical fiber sensing technology utilized is Fiber Bragg Grating technology, Raman optical time domain reflection technology and polarized-light technique, each Fibre Optical Sensor skill
Art is described below:
The sensing principle of Raman optical time domain reflection technology is: generating Stokes when laser pulse is propagated in a fiber and draws
Graceful scattering light and anti-Stokes Raman scatter light, and two kinds of scattered light intensities will receive the influence of temperature (and to other parameters
It is insensitive), but the index of modulation is different；The index of modulation and measured luminous flux of light are scattered by two kinds of different frequencies
Analysis, can judge the variation of temperature.The technology can be to temperature sensing, and carries out quantitative analysis, but disadvantage is to be only capable of surveying
Amount temperature parameter.
The sensing principle of Fiber Bragg Grating technology is: in a fiber in point type or the quasi-distributed multiple optical fiber Braggs of inscription
Grating (FiberBragg Grating, be abbreviated as FBG), when the extraneous factor that can be responded changes, effective folding of optical fiber
Penetrating the parameters such as rate and screen periods can change, and then the resonance wavelength of FBG is made to change；Pass through measurement resonance wavelength
Variation, can be realized the sensing to ambient enviroment parameter.But for multi-parameter sensing task, due to temperature and strain equal energy
The resonance wavelength of sensor fibre is set to change, therefore, when merely with Fiber Bragg Grating technology (grating demodulation instrument is used only),
It can only judge there is temperature or strain event, temperature and strain can not be distinguished, it more difficult to which temperature and strain are determined respectively
Amount analysis.Meanwhile Fiber Bragg Grating technology can only realize point, quasi-distributed sensing, also can only just detect has at the position where FBG
Without friction, strain or temperature change, and can't detect when vibration, strain or temperature change occur for other positions, therefore
The state of whole optical fiber can not be obtained merely with Fiber Bragg Grating technology, can only obtain the state of specific position.
According to the These characteristics of Fiber Bragg Grating technology and Raman optical time domain reflection technology, (i.e. Fiber Bragg Grating technology can pass simultaneously
Temperature-sensitive degree and strain, but it is difficult to differentiate between and distinguishes quantitative analysis, and Raman optical time domain reflection technology is only capable of quantitatively dividing temperature
Analysis), the present invention consideration two kinds of technologies are combined, it is expected that realize temperature and strain while sensing, can distinguish and respectively into
The quantitative analysis of trip temperature and strain.
The sensing principle of polarized-light technique is: when light is propagated in a fiber, polarization state can constantly change；Work as optical fiber
It is in stable condition when, the variation of polarization state is relatively stable and slowly varying；And when vibration or stress occur, polarization state meeting
It mutates, which intuitively shows as the variation of light intensity after analyzer.The technology can to disturbance realize whether there is or not determine
Property analysis, if any vibration occur, can according to detected pulse strength change frequency demodulation go out vibrate frequency；Disadvantage exists
In when any point has vibration or stress to occur in optical fiber, receiving end optical pulse intensity can change, therefore can not conclude
Locale.
For the disadvantages mentioned above of polarized-light technique, polarized light time domain reflection technology can be directly used instead, this technology detects arteries and veins certainly
After punching issues, the time relationship proportional to corresponding fiber position that received signal reaches is able to conclude that event
Place；However what polarized light time domain reflection technology utilized is scattering light in optical fiber, signal is weaker, may to improve signal-to-noise ratio
Multiple averaging is needed, dynamic response capability is relatively low.Therefore, the present invention consider by polarized-light technique and Fiber Bragg Grating technology into
Row combines: as it was noted above, polarized-light technique can sense the stress and vibration event of optical fiber all the points, but can not differentiate position
It sets；And Fiber Bragg Grating technology can be monitored the state of stop position.Two kinds of technologies are combined and are capable of forming to a certain degree
On complementation.
Just with reference to drawings and examples, in conjunction with coming, the present invention will be described in detail below.
Embodiment 1:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber, as shown in Figure 1, many reference amounts light
The synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of fibre includes grating demodulation instrument 1, Raman temperature measurer 2, polarization analysis instrument 3, synchronous trigger circuit 4, processor 5
With multicore optical fiber coupler 6,3 three the grating demodulation instrument 1, the Raman temperature measurer 2 and the polarization analysis instrument detections are set
It is in parallel connection between standby.
The grating demodulation instrument 1, the Raman temperature measurer 2 and the polarization analysis instrument 3 are connect by corresponding optical fiber respectively
The different fibre cores of the external multi-core optical fiber 7 of mouth, it is specific such as Fig. 1: the grating demodulation instrument 1, the Raman temperature measurer 2 and the polarization
Analyzer 3 is connect with the multicore optical fiber coupler 6 respectively, and the multicore optical fiber coupler 6 is connect with multi-core optical fiber 7, in turn
It can be by the grating demodulation instrument 1, the Raman temperature measurer 2 and the polarization analysis instrument 3 to the Bu Tong fine of the multi-core optical fiber 7
Core synchronizes measurement, senses while realization to temperature, strain and vibration.
The synchronous trigger circuit 4 respectively by electrical signal line and the grating demodulation instrument 1, the Raman temperature measurer 2 and
The polarization analysis instrument 3 connects, specific as follows: one for triggering the synchronous progress light pulse emission of three equipment and data acquisition
Aspect is for triggering the Raman temperature measurer 2 progress light pulse emission synchronous with polarization analysis instrument 3, on the other hand for triggering institute
The progress data acquisition synchronous with polarization analysis instrument 3 of grating demodulation instrument 1, Raman temperature measurer 2 is stated, and keeps light pulse emission and data
The synchronization of acquisition.For the Raman temperature measurer 2 and polarization analysis instrument 3, internal light-pulse generator and data acquisition are all desirable
Carry out impulsive synchronization；When three detection devices are used in combination, except continuous light source used in the grating demodulation instrument 1 is not necessarily to
Outside synchronizing, remaining light source and light visit part and not only need to carry out impulsive synchronization in each equipment, between three equipment
It also needs to carry out the synchronous triggering that light pulse is acquired with data, therefore introduces common synchronous trigger circuit 4, in signal processing
When can obtain the transducing signal being aligned completely on the time, consequently facilitating realizing accurate compensation to cross sensitivity signal, realize
The synchronous acquisition of three equipment.Wherein, the synchronous trigger circuit 4 is the most commonly used is using 555 timers, but is actually using
In, any circuit that can stablize output recurrent pulse electric signal can be used, not unique herein to limit.
The processor 5 respectively by electrical signal line and the grating demodulation instrument 1, the Raman temperature measurer 2 and it is described partially
3 three equipment connections of vibration analysis instrument, for carrying out comprehensive analysis processing to the data of three equipment acquisitions.Wherein, by institute
The data complement analysis for stating grating demodulation instrument 1 and the Raman temperature measurer 2 acquisition, can be obtained the current temperature of the multi-core optical fiber 7
Angle value and strain value；It is analyzed, be can determine whether by the data complement to the grating demodulation instrument 1 and the polarization analysis instrument 3 acquisition
Whether there is disturbance on whole optical fiber link, and obtains the current vibration frequency value of the multi-core optical fiber 7.Wherein, the processor 5
It specifically can be the equipment that computer etc. has analysis processing function, be not specifically limited, three detection devices can share at one
It manages device and carries out data analysis, as shown in Figure 1.
The synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber provided by the invention, by grating demodulation instrument, Raman temperature measurer and polarization point
Analyzer is integrated, using Fiber Bragg Grating technology, Raman optical time domain reflectometer technology and polarized-light technique, cooperates the more of multi-core optical fiber
Road parallel optical links synchronize measurement to the different fibre cores in multi-core optical fiber, realize to the strain of optical fiber, temperature and vibration
It senses simultaneously；Moreover, can effectively realize the synchronous acquisition of three detection devices by the way that common synchronous trigger circuit is arranged.
In embodiments of the present invention, the connection between each detection device and optical fiber is all external, that is, passes through external optical fiber
Interface is connect with optical fiber.Wherein, the grating demodulation instrument 1 and the Raman temperature measurer 2 are all reflective, it is only necessary to which connection is more
Any fibre core in core fibre 7 carries out sensing measurement, therefore also need to only provide an external optical fiber interface；And it is described inclined
Vibration analysis instrument 3 is not reflective, it usually needs any two fibre cores in connection multi-core optical fiber 7 carry out sensing measurement, therefore need
Two external optical fiber interfaces are provided, could be exported single-ended.According to the above analysis, specifically has and is designed with flowering structure:
In conjunction with Fig. 2, optical fiber interface includes the first optical fiber interface b1, the second optical fiber interface b2, third optical fiber interface b3 and the
Four optical fiber interface b4, the multicore optical fiber coupler 6, which is located at, to be arranged between each optical fiber interface and the multi-core optical fiber 7；Wherein,
The optical coupling of each fibre core in the optical coupling or multi-core optical fiber of more single-core fibers may be implemented in multicore optical fiber coupler, reaches
To the effect for being divided or closing beam.In embodiments of the present invention, the multicore optical fiber coupler 6 is mainly used for the multi-core optical fiber
Different fibre cores and corresponding detection device are connected in 7, the light that light source issues in each detection device are entered specific
Fibre core in.Specifically, the grating demodulation instrument 1 passes through the first optical fiber interface b1 and the multicore optical fiber coupler 6, with
Connection is realized in the front end of first fibre core a1 in the multi-core optical fiber 7.The Raman temperature measurer 2 passes through the second optical fiber interface b2
Connection is realized with the front end of the second fibre core a2 in the multicore optical fiber coupler 6, with the multi-core optical fiber 7.The polarization analysis
Instrument 3 passes through third fibre core a3 in the third optical fiber interface b3 and the multicore optical fiber coupler 6, with the multi-core optical fiber 7
Realize connection in front end；Pass through in the 4th optical fiber interface b4 and the multicore optical fiber coupler 6, with the multi-core optical fiber 7
Realize connection in the front end of four fibre core a4；Wherein, the end of the third fibre core a3 is connected with the end of the 4th fibre core a4.
Wherein, the multi-core optical fiber 7 includes n fibre core, n >=4, such as can be seven core fibres.The first fibre core a1,
The second fibre core a2, the third fibre core a3 and the 4th fibre core a4 are 4 arbitrarily chosen in n fibre core, herein not
It is specifically limited, remaining several fibre cores will then be used as normal optical signal transmission；In this way, just can be realized signal light transmission
The detection of the real time environment parameter of fine (such as seven core fibres).With reference to Fig. 2, the front end left end Ji Tuzhong of fibre core, the end of fibre core is
Right end in figure.
For three detection devices, the grating demodulation instrument 1 is mainly to be realized by measuring the variation of FBG wavelength to temperature
The sensing of degree and strain, the Raman temperature measurer 2 is mainly to realize the sensing to temperature by the variation of measurement light intensity, described
Polarization analysis instrument 3 is mainly that the qualitative analysis to strain and vibration is realized by the variation of measurement polarization state.It below will be to three
Testing principle and the structure design of a detection device are specifically introduced.
First, about Fiber Bragg Grating technology and grating demodulation instrument 1:
Generally in use of wavelength division multiplexing, principle is as shown in Figure 3: light source for the strain sensing network of optical fiber Bragg raster
The light of (usually wideband light source) is transferred to optical fiber after coupler, and multiple FBG sensors, each sensing are furnished on optical fiber
Device has different Bragg wavelength.For broadband light after multiple FBG, transmitted light spectrally has multiple troughs, respectively corresponds each
The Bragg wavelength of FBG；Reflected light spectrally includes multiple spikes, also respectively corresponds the Bragg wavelength of each FBG.Pass through wavelength
Signal demodulating equipment detects the spectrum of the reflected light after coupler, the Bragg wavelength of FBG can be obtained, and then obtain it
Transducing signal.Wherein, FBG is scribed in multi-core optical fiber；It is noted herein that only with 1 equipment of grating demodulation instrument
Connected fibre core (the i.e. described first fibre core a1) has inscribed grating FBG；It is after the external multi-core optical fiber of grating demodulation instrument 1, i.e., available
The reflected light of FBG is sensed.Compared with time-division multiplex technology, wavelength-division multiplex technique advantage is can be with the multiple waves of one-shot measurement
Long multiple FBG sensors.
Based on above-mentioned demodulation principle, the grating demodulation instrument 1 can be specific as follows there are many realization structure:
(1) spectrometer demodulation method is used, as shown in figure 4, the grating demodulation instrument 1 includes be sequentially connected with setting first wide
Band light source 101, optical circulator 102 and spectrometer 103, the optical circulator 102 are external described more by corresponding optical fiber interface
Core fibre 7, the spectrometer 103 are connected with common processor 5.Demodulation principle specifically: first wideband light source 101 is sent out
For the continuous wide band light penetrated after the optical circulator 102 is transferred to optical fiber bragg grating FBG, reflected light passes through the ring of light
Shape device 102 enters the spectrometer 103, using the offset of the spectrometer 103 measurement wavelength, thus by the processor 5
The value of physical quantity to be measured (temperature or strain) is calculated according to wavelength change.
For the synchronous triggering for guaranteeing data acquisition, the spectrometer 103 is connect with the synchronous trigger circuit 4, described same
Step trigger circuit 4 generates the pulse of certain repetition rate, and Xiang Suoshu spectrometer 103 sends lock-out pulse, so that it is started data and adopt
Collection.
Spectrometer demodulation is most simple, most direct demodulation method, and advantage is accurate detection, high sensitivity, easy to operate,
The disadvantage is that it is at high cost, equipment volume is big.Therefore, spectrometer demodulation method does not use usually in engineering-environment, generally in laboratory
In be used as research.
(2) edge filter demodulation demodulation method is used, as shown in figure 5, the grating demodulation instrument 1 includes being sequentially connected with the second of setting
Wideband light source 104, the first coupler 105, the first optical splitter 106 and the first photodetector 107, edge filter 108,
Second photodetector 109 and the first data collecting card 110.First coupler 105 is external by corresponding optical fiber interface
The multi-core optical fiber 7, first photodetector 107 are acquired with first optical splitter 106 and first data respectively
Card 110 connection, second photodetector 109 respectively with the edge filter 108 and first data collecting card 110
Connection, the edge filter 108 are connect with first optical splitter 106.First data collecting card 110 is specially bilateral
Track data capture card, and be connected with common processor 5.
Demodulation principle specifically: the continuous wide band light that second wideband light source 104 emits passes through first coupler
After 105 are transferred to FBG, reflected light pass through first coupler 105 enter first optical splitter 106, a part of light without
Decaying directly carries out data acquisition by first data collecting card 110 after first photodetector 107 detection；Separately
A part of light is decayed after the edge filter 108 filtering, then by institute after second photodetector 109 detection
It states the first data collecting card 110 and carries out data acquisition.The light intensity reflected before optical attenuation and after decaying can be detected as a result, determine
The attenuation of light intensity, and then the offset of wavelength is obtained, object to be measured is calculated according to wavelength change by the processor 5
The value of reason amount.
For the synchronous triggering for guaranteeing data acquisition, first data collecting card 110 connects with the synchronous trigger circuit 4
It connects, the synchronous trigger circuit 4 generates the pulse of certain repetition rate, and the first data collecting card of Xiang Suoshu 110 sends synchronous arteries and veins
Punching makes it start data acquisition.
The advantages of edge filter demodulation method, is that the processing to signal is very convenient, and cheap, but the disadvantage is that needs
Control working region, this is because the linear operating region of edge filter be have it is a certain range of, so design demodulate
It needs that Bragg condition is specially arranged when system, allows the central wavelength of reflected light in the linear operating region of edge filter
In.
(3) tunable TEA CO2 laser demodulation method is used, as shown in fig. 6, the grating demodulation instrument 1 includes being sequentially connected with to set
Third wideband light source 111, the second coupler 112, the F-P tunable optic filter 113, third photodetector 114 and second set
Data collecting card 115 further includes amplifier 116, control system 117 and signal generator 118.Second coupler 112 is logical
Cross the corresponding external multi-core optical fiber 7 of optical fiber interface, the amplifier 116 respectively with the third photodetector 114 and
The control system 117 connects, and the control system 117 is connect with the signal generator 118, the signal generator 118
It is connect with the F-P tunable optic filter 113, to load scanning voltage for the F-P tunable optic filter 113.Described
Two data collecting cards 115 are connected with common processor 5.
Demodulation principle specifically: the broadband light that the third wideband light source 111 emits is passed by second coupler 112
It is defeated to after FBG, reflected light passes through second coupler 112 and enters the F-P tunable optic filter 113, and the F-P is tunable
Filter 113 loads sawtooth scan voltage, and the F-P tunable optic filter 113 is scanned back and forth near reflection wavelength
The central wavelength of transmitted light.If this when of the F-P tunable optic filter 113 just scans the reflection wavelength to FBG, by
It is overlapped in the reflection wavelength of the F-P tunable optic filter 113 and FBG, then the third photodetector 114 can detecte
The maximum intensity of light intensity, and then the offset of wavelength is obtained, it is calculated by the processor 5 according to wavelength change to be measured
The value of physical quantity.
For the synchronous triggering for guaranteeing data acquisition, second data collecting card 115 connects with the synchronous trigger circuit 4
It connects, the synchronous trigger circuit 4 generates the pulse of certain repetition rate, and the second data collecting card of Xiang Suoshu 115 sends synchronous arteries and veins
Punching makes it start data acquisition.
The advantages of tunable TEA CO2 laser demodulation method, is that the wave-length coverage demodulated is wide, examines especially suitable for multiple FBG
Examining system (i.e. distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor system), demodulation it is high-efficient, instrument is small and exquisite, is advantageously integrated in monitoring system.
The disadvantage is that the long control transmission peak wavelength in turn of chamber inside tunable TEA CO2 laser using piezoelectric ceramics as control F-P cavity,
So detection sensitivity will receive the influence of the characteristic of piezoelectric ceramics, such as temperature drift and drift etc., it specifically can be by certain
External compensation measure reduces its influence, improves the sensitivity of detection system.
(4) tunable narrowband optical source demodulation method is used, as shown in fig. 7, the grating demodulation instrument 1 includes being sequentially connected with setting
Tunable narrowband optical source 119, third coupler 120, digital oscilloscope 121, the tunable narrowband optical source 119 is for emitting
Continuous narrow band light.The tunable narrowband optical source 119 is fixed on lead titanate piezoelectric ceramics (piezoelectric ceramic
Transducer is abbreviated as PZT) on 122, and the PZT 122 is driven by sawtooth wave or sinusoidal voltage；The digital oscilloscope
121 connect with the tunable narrowband optical source 119, are also connected with common processor 5；The third coupler 120 by pair
The external multi-core optical fiber 7 of the optical fiber interface answered.Wherein, in the tunable narrowband optical source 119 and the third coupler 120
Between also settable isolator 123.
Demodulation principle specifically: using the narrow-band spectrum of wavelength, by the digital oscilloscope 121 periodically to sensing
The reflectance spectrum of grating FBG is scanned.It is described tunable narrow when the PZT 122 is driven by sawtooth wave or sinusoidal voltage
Spectrum with light source 119 changes in a certain range, when the output wavelength of tunable narrowband optical source 119 is with sensing grating FBG's
When reflection wavelength is identical, the 121 received signal maximum intensity of digital oscilloscope；Again by the voltage of the PZT 122 and
Wavelength tuning relationship can be obtained the offset of FBG wavelength, is calculated by the processor 5 according to wavelength change to be measured
Physical quantity value.
For the synchronous triggering for guaranteeing data acquisition, the digital oscilloscope 121 is connect with the synchronous trigger circuit 4, institute
The pulse that synchronous trigger circuit 4 generates certain repetition rate is stated, Xiang Suoshu digital oscilloscope 121 sends lock-out pulse, keeps it same
Step starts data acquisition.
(5) matched FBG demodulation by filter method is used.Matched FBG demodulation by filter method is to receive grating known to one
Wavelength the wavelength of measurement sensing grating is removed by certain method, matched FBG demodulation by filter is generally there are two types of method: first is that
Reflective-mode, i.e. transducing signal enter matched FBG by sensing grating and detect intensity of reflected light, when detector receives maximum
Light intensity when, sensing grating and matched FBG central wavelength exact matching；Second is that transmission mode, it is saturating to be similar to bounce technique detection
Luminous intensity is penetrated, when detector receives minimum intensity of light, the center emission wavelength of sensing grating can be obtained.
Second, about Raman optical time domain reflection technology and Raman temperature measurer 2:
With reference to Fig. 8, the Raman temperature measurer 2 may include usually the light-pulse generator 201 for being sequentially connected with setting, WDM coupler
202, the second optical splitter 203, photoelectric detection module and third data collecting card 204, the photoelectric detection module include the 4th light
Electric explorer 205 and the 5th photodetector 206 are respectively used to the Stokes Raman being reflected back in detection optical fiber scattering light
(Stokes light) and anti-Stokes Raman scatter light (Anti-Stokes light)；The WDM coupler 202 passes through corresponding light
The fine external multi-core optical fiber 7 of interface.The third data collecting card 204 uses double channel data acquisition card, and with it is common
Processor 5 is connected.
Demodulation principle specifically: the light pulse that the light-pulse generator 201 emits passes through 202 (the two-way coupling of WDM coupler
Clutch) it is coupled into sensor fibre (multi-core optical fiber i.e. in the embodiment of the present invention), and in communication process and in fiber medium
Interaction of molecules and be constantly be generated Raman Back Scattering light (scattering light intensity by along optical fiber temperature field modulate), instead
The Raman Back Scattering light being emitted back towards is admitted to the WDM coupler 202 and is filtered, and then passes through second optical splitter 203,
The Stokes isolated is scattered into light and Anti-Stokes scattering light inputs the 4th photodetector 205 and described respectively
5th photodetector 206 carries out photoelectric conversion, and level signal is amplified to the effective of the third data collecting card 204
In acquisition range.The third data collecting card 204 carries out the scattered signal along sensor fibre with certain sample frequency
Acquisition, collected data are successively stored in specified memory or the processor 5, by the processor 5 according to light
Temperature value to be measured is calculated by force.
For the synchronous triggering that guarantee light pulse is acquired with data, the light-pulse generator 201 and the third data collecting card
204 connect with the synchronous trigger circuit 4 respectively, and the synchronous trigger circuit 4 generates the pulse of certain repetition rate, on the one hand
It modulates the light-pulse generator 201 and generates very narrow detecting optical pulses, on the one hand send and synchronize to the third data collecting card 204
Pulse synchronizes it and starts data acquisition.After the completion of temperature information collection process, the synchronous trigger circuit 4 controls institute
It states light-pulse generator 201 and issues next direct impulse light.System repeats the above process, according to default, memory or described
Data in processor 5, eventually by temperature demodulation and graphical display, can obtain sensor fibre edge by the processing such as cumulative mean
The temperature experiment curv of line.
Third, about polarized-light technique and polarization analysis instrument 3:
With reference to Fig. 9, the polarization analysis instrument 3 include be sequentially connected with the light source 301 of setting, the polarizer 302, analyzer 303,
Optical detector 304 and the 4th data collecting card 305.The polarizer 302 and the analyzer 303 pass through corresponding optical fiber respectively
The external multi-core optical fiber 7 of interface, specifically, the polarizer 302 can be by the external multi-core optical fiber 7 of third optical fiber interface b3
The front end of third fibre core a3, the analyzer 303 can pass through the 4th fibre core a4 in the external multi-core optical fiber 7 of the 4th optical fiber interface b4
The end of front end, third fibre core a3 is connected with the end of the 4th fibre core a4.
Demodulation principle specifically: the light source 301 emits periodical light pulse signal, and light pulse signal is polarized by described
Device 302 rise it is to the rear become linearly polarized light, which enters sensor fibre (multi-core optical fiber 7 i.e. in figure) and enters back into the inspection
Inclined device 303, converts intensity signal for polarization information, which is converted into electric signal by the optical detector 304, and by
The 4th data collecting card 305 acquisition storage, carries out further data processing by the processor 5.
For the synchronous triggering that guarantee light pulse is acquired with data, the light source 301 and the 4th data collecting card 305 divide
It is not connect with the synchronous trigger circuit 4, the synchronous trigger circuit 4 generates the pulse of certain repetition rate, on the one hand modulates
The light source 301 generates detecting optical pulses, on the one hand sends lock-out pulse to the 4th data collecting card 305, makes its synchronization
Start data acquisition.
The above be grating demodulation instrument 1, Raman temperature measurer 2 and polarization analysis instrument 3 it is more commonly used several structures design,
Other structure compositions can also be set as needed in actual use, will not repeat them here.
It in the above-described embodiments, need to be using 4 in multi-core optical fiber when synchronizing sensing measurement using three detection devices
Detect fibre core.In a preferred embodiment, it is by using time division multiplexing and wavelength-division multiplex, the reduced number that fibre core can be will test
Two, to be further simplified device and connection relationship.Specific structure can refer to Figure 10, it is assumed that distinguish use two fibre cores
It is denoted as the 5th fibre core a5 and the 6th fibre core a6, then the grating demodulation instrument 1, the Raman temperature measurer 2 and the polarization analysis instrument 3
By the front end of the 5th fibre core a5 in the external multi-core optical fiber 7 of the 5th optical fiber interface b5, while the polarization analysis instrument also passes through
The front end of 6th fibre core a6 in the external multi-core optical fiber of six fibers interface b6, the end of the 5th fibre core a5 and the 6th fibre
The end of core a6 is connected, and then can be by Fiber Bragg Grating technology, Raman optical time domain reflection technology and polarized-light technique to described
Two fibre cores in multi-core optical fiber 7 synchronize measurement, sense while realization to temperature, strain and vibration.At this point, described more
Core fibre 7 includes n fibre core, and n >=2, the 5th fibre core a5 and the 6th fibre core a6 are two arbitrarily chosen in n fibre core, herein
It is not specifically limited, remaining fibre core will then be used as normal optical signal transmission.
Wherein, in 3 three grating demodulation instrument 1, Raman temperature measurer 2 and polarization analysis instrument equipment, the Raman temperature measurer 2
It is wavelength-division multiplex between the polarization analysis instrument 3, is time division multiplexing between the grating demodulation instrument 1 and other two equipment.
In conjunction with above structure, it is time-multiplexed specific as follows with the control process of wavelength-division multiplex:
Time division multiplexing can specifically be controlled by the switch time of corresponding light source: open the Raman temperature measurer at the T1 moment
2 and the polarization analysis instrument 3 light source, close the light source of the grating demodulation instrument 1；The grating demodulation instrument is opened at the T2 moment
1 light source closes the light source of the Raman temperature measurer 2 and the polarization analysis instrument 3, to realize Fiber Bragg Grating technology and remaining
The time division multiplexing of two technologies.
When opening the light source of the Raman temperature measurer 2 and the polarization analysis instrument 3, on the one hand, the Raman temperature measurer 2
The sensing of temperature can be achieved, on the other hand, the polarization analysis instrument 3 can realize the qualitative sensing analysis of strain and vibration.At this
During a, wavelength-division multiplex between Raman detection and Polarization Detection, specifically: what polarized-light technique was detected is forward light, is visited
It is consistent with launch wavelength to survey wavelength, is 1550nm wave band；Stokes light and anti-Stokes light correspond to Raman thermometry,
The wavelength detected is respectively 1660nm wave band and 1450nm wave band, so as to carry out different wave-length coverage detections.
When the light source for opening the grating demodulation instrument 1, the grating demodulation instrument 1 can realize the sensing of temperature and strain；Its
In, it itself is wavelength-division multiplex for Fiber Bragg Grating technology, it is original humorous corresponding to the multiple FBG gratings inscribed in optical fiber
Vibration frequency is all different, but is all distributed between 1525nm~1565nm.
In this preferred embodiment, the specific testing principle of three detection devices and structure design can refer to aforementioned implementation
Associated description in example, this will not be repeated here.
Embodiment 2:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of synchronous sensing acquisition methods of many reference amounts optical fiber, can be used described in embodiment 1
Many reference amounts optical fiber synchronous sensing acquisition instrument complete.In the synchronous sensing acquisition side of many reference amounts optical fiber for introducing the embodiment of the present invention
Before method, the calculation formula and its derivation of each sensing technology are introduced first:
One, Raman optical time domain reflection technology
For Raman optical time domain reflection technology, it is mainly in response to temperature parameters.Anti-Stokes scattering light is temperature sensitive,
Its intensity is by temperature modulation；And Stokes ratio intensity also has certain relationship with temperature, but is affected by temperature very little.Cause
This needs to acquire the intensity of Stokes ratio and anti-Stokes scattering light, and anti-Stokes light is made in measurement
For signal light, demodulated stokes light as reference light.At any temperature T, the relationship of signal light and reference light are as follows:
With T0As reference temperature, then in reference temperature T0Lower signal light and reference light have following relationship:
Formula (1) and formula (2) are divided by, the temperature T at optical fiber arbitrary point is obtained and meets following relationship:
Wherein, ψsFor the luminous flux of Stokes ratio (i.e. reference light) in optical fiber under corresponding temperature, ψasFor corresponding temperature
The luminous flux for spending anti-Stokes scattering light (i.e. signal light) in lower optical fiber, can pass through Raman optical time domain reflection technology actual measurement
It obtains.K is Boltzmann constant, and h is planck constant, and Δ v is Phonon frequency in optical fiber.vasAnd vsRespectively anti-Stokes
Raman scattering photon frequency and Stokes Raman scattered photon frequency；αasAnd αsRespectively anti-Stokes Raman scattering light and
The fiber transmission attenuation of Stokes Raman scattering light；βasAnd βsRespectively drawn with anti-Stokes Raman scattering and Stokes
The related coefficient of graceful scattering section, L be tested point the location of in a fiber, specially tested point to optical fiber front end away from
From.It is as follows that Raman formula is obtained by formula (3):
Wherein, μTFor Raman temperature coefficient, andWhen carrying out temperature demodulation using Raman formula, μTSpecifically
It can be by being fitted determination in advance.
Two, Fiber Bragg Grating technologies
For Fiber Bragg Grating technology, it is mainly in response to temperature parameters and strain parameter.Optical fiber Bragg raster it is Wavelength matched
Condition is λB=2neffΛ, this is the fundamental formular of the fiber grating, is the basis for carrying out sensing characteristics research；Wherein, λBFor
Bragg raster center wavelength, neffFor the effective refractive index of fiber core, Λ is screen periods.By the formula, grating is enabled to
The physical quantity of effective refractive index or cyclomorphosis can influence its central wavelength, and stress and temperature are most to significantly change optical fiber
The physical quantity of Bragg grating wavelength.Before calculation formula provides, it should be noted that studies have shown that the thermal effect that temperature generates
The stress effect that should be generated with strain is regarded as relatively independent.According to above-mentioned fundamental formular it is found that caused wavelength change
It is as follows:
ΔλB=2 Λ Δ neff+2neff·ΔΛ (5)
Assuming that temperature-resistant, then grating only strained effect, considers uniform axial stress effect, strains caused optical fiber
Bragg raster center wavelength change Δ λBMeet following relationship between strain stress:
It is obtained by above-mentioned formula (6) deformation:
ΔλB=λB(1-Pe) ε=αεε (7)
Wherein, PeFor valid elastic-optic constants, andV is the Bai Song ratio of core material；P11
And P12Related with core material for any two value in elasto-optical coefficient, elasto-optical coefficient refers to the matrix comprising number of values,
And P11And P12It is a part of elasto-optical coefficient.αεFor grating strain coefficient, and αε=λB(1-Pe)。
As can be seen from the above formula that after grating material determines, strain stress and center wavelength variation Δ λBIt is linear to close
System only need to be by being fitted determining Δ λ when actually using technology progress strain measurement in advanceBWith the relationship of ε, also
It is determining grating strain factor alphaε.It should be noted that due to having carried out Taylor expansion in formulation process and having omitted
Higher order term, above-mentioned linear relationship should strain smaller Shi Shiyong.In embodiments of the present invention, preferably according to measurement result
Corresponding linear relationship section is calculated, and the linear relationship section can confirm interval range by fitting a straight line,
Details are not described herein.Therefore, in concrete application scene, linear fit section proposed by the present invention and fit correlation formula can
Directly stress value is fed back according to linear relation, to improve whole when specific detected value falls into corresponding linear relationship section
The calculating of a system and response efficiency.And beyond the linear relationship, then it is calculated according to common formula, this is also this
The meaning in inventive embodiments proposition linear relationship section.Wherein, before " common formula " specifically refers to non-Taylor expansion
Formula, and the calculation formula in the embodiment of the present invention is the formula optimize after Taylor expansion.
Assuming that strain is constant, then grating is only affected by temperature, and temperature is influenced respectively by thermo-optic effect and thermal expansion effects
Effective refractive index and screen periods, optical fiber Bragg raster center wavelength variation Δ λ caused by temperatureBWith temperature variation Δ T
Between meet following relationship:
It is obtained by above-mentioned formula (8) deformation:
ΔλB=λB(α+ξ) Δ T=αTΔT (9)
Wherein, α is the thermal expansion coefficient of fiber grating, andξ is the thermo-optical coeffecient of fiber grating, andαTFor grating temperature coefficient, and αT=λB(α+ξ)。
As can be seen from the above formula that temperature variation Δ T and center wavelength variation Δ λBIt is in a linear relationship, and with strain
It is similar, it, only need to be by being fitted determining Δ λ in advance when actually using technology progress temperature measurementBWith the relationship of Δ T,
Namely determine grating temperature coefficient αT。
Assume temperature-resistant only analysis strain respectively above and assumes that the constant only analysis temperature of strain is described, and temperature
It can be regarded as with strain mutually indepedent, linear superposition.Therefore, in conjunction with formula (7) and formula (9), temperature is analyzed at the same time
When with strain, center wavelength variation Δ λBMeet following relationship between strain stress, temperature variation Δ T:
ΔλB=αεε+αTΔT (10)
Above-mentioned formula (10) is the subsequent grating formula used.
As shown in figure 11, the synchronous sensing acquisition method of many reference amounts optical fiber provided in an embodiment of the present invention mainly includes following step
It is rapid:
Step 10, it is utilized respectively Fiber Bragg Grating technology, Raman optical time domain reflection technology and polarized-light technique, to multi-core optical fiber
In different fibre cores synchronize sensing measurement.
In conjunction with the embodiments 1, Fiber Bragg Grating technology mainly realizes the sensing of temperature and strain by the grating demodulation instrument 1,
Raman optical time domain reflection technology mainly realizes the quantitative sensing analysis of temperature, polarized-light technique master by the Raman temperature measurer 2
The qualitative sensing analysis of strain and vibration is realized by the polarization analysis instrument 3.Institute is passed through to the synchro measure of different fibre cores
State synchronous trigger circuit 4 trigger realize, specifically: the synchronous trigger circuit 4 respectively with the grating demodulation instrument 1, Raman
Temperature measurer 2 and polarization analysis instrument 3 connect, and by the synchronous trigger circuit 4, trigger the grating demodulation instrument 1, the Raman is surveyed
Warm instrument 2 progress light pulse emission synchronous with the polarization analysis instrument 3 and data acquisition.
According to the connection relationship of each detection device and different fibre cores described in embodiment 1, specific measurement situation is as follows: benefit
Sensing measurement is carried out to the first fibre core a1 in multi-core optical fiber 7 with Fiber Bragg Grating technology, obtains fiber bragg grating in optical fiber
The wavelength variable quantity Δ λ of FBGB；Sensing survey is carried out to the second fibre core a2 in multi-core optical fiber 7 using Raman optical time domain reflection technology
Amount, obtains the luminous flux ψ of Stokes ratio in optical fibers(T) and anti-Stokes scattering light luminous flux ψas(T)；Using inclined
Light technology of shaking obtains the change of light intensity in optical fiber to third fibre core a3 and the 4th fibre core a4 progress sensing measurement in multi-core optical fiber 7
Change situation, and carries out the extraction of vibration frequency.
Step 20, the data that Fiber Bragg Grating technology and Raman optical time domain reflection technology acquire are subjected to integrated treatment, obtained
Multi-core optical fiber current temperature value and strain value.
The quantitative analysis of temperature is realized by Raman time domain reflection technology first, specifically: according to Raman optical time domain reflection
The ψ that technology detectss(T) and ψas(T), the current temperature value T of the multi-core optical fiber is demodulated using Raman formula.In conjunction with Raman
FormulaPreset a reference temperature T0, corresponding ψas(T0) and ψs(T0) it is known that
Raman temperature coefficient μTAlso calibration in advance；ψ under temperature Tas(T) and ψs(T) passed through the measurement of Raman temperature measurer 2 to obtain, because
This can solve unique unknown number T using Raman formula.
Then temperature-compensating is carried out to Fiber Bragg Grating technology by Raman time domain reflection technology, quantitative point for realizing strain
Analysis, specifically: the Δ λ that the temperature value T and Fiber Bragg Grating technology demodulated based on Raman formula is detectedB, utilize grating formula
Demodulate the current strain value ε of the multi-core optical fiber.Wherein, temperature variation Δ T can determine based on the temperature value T, in conjunction with
Grating formula Δ λB=αεε+αTΔ T, grating strain factor alphaεWith grating temperature coefficient αTIt demarcates in advance, Δ λBPass through
The measurement of grating demodulation instrument 1 obtains, therefore can solve unique unknown number ε by grating formula.
Wherein, the process coefficient in Raman formula and grating formula demarcated in advance specifically:
It is repeatedly heated up to different temperature to multi-core optical fiber, and measures corresponding ψ respectivelysAnd ψas, according to Raman formula
(4) Raman temperature coefficient μ therein repeatedly is determined after fittingT；
It is repeatedly heated up to different temperature (need to keep straining constant) to multi-core optical fiber, and measures corresponding wavelength respectively
Variation delta λB, according to the grating temperature coefficient α determined after formula (9) repeatedly fitting in grating formulaTAnd the grating formula is suitable
Temperature range；
Repeatedly apply different strains (need to keep temperature-resistant) to multi-core optical fiber, and measures corresponding wavelength respectively and become
Change amount Δ λB, according to the grating strain factor alpha determined after formula (7) repeatedly fitting in grating formulaεAnd the grating formula is applicable in
Range of strain.
Step 30, the data that Fiber Bragg Grating technology and polarized-light technique acquire are subjected to integrated treatment, determine whole optical fiber
Whether chain road has vibration or strain, and obtains the current vibration frequency value of multi-core optical fiber.
For the size of strain or oscillation intensity, polarized-light technique is only able to achieve qualitative analysis, therefore here by polarised light
Supplement of the result of technology qualitative analysis vibration as Fiber Bragg Grating technology point type vibration measurement, and then can determine whole optical fiber chain
Whether road has the events such as vibration or strain.
In addition to this, polarized-light technique can also realize the extraction of vibration frequency, in simple terms, can measure whole optical fiber
Vibration frequency.When recurring vibration, if period-luminosity relation is not present in vibration, frequency abstraction is not considered, when recurring
It vibration and vibrates there are when period-luminosity relation, then using the pulse change time in the certain time interval of polarized-light technique detection
Number, is calculated the current vibration frequency value of multi-core optical fiber.Wherein, it when vibration is single-frequency, in time interval t, surveys
Pulse change n times are obtained, then vibration frequency f=n/t.Multifrequency situation is essentially the superposition of multiple simple signals, it is only necessary to pass through Fu
In leaf transformation can obtain signal frequency.
In above-mentioned multi-parameter sensing method provided by the invention, Fiber Bragg Grating technology, Raman optical time domain reflectometer skill are utilized
Art and polarized-light technique cooperate the multidiameter delay optical link of multi-core optical fiber, synchronize survey to the different fibre cores in multi-core optical fiber
Amount senses while realization to the strain of optical fiber, temperature and vibration；Wherein, anti-by Fiber Bragg Grating technology and Raman optical time domain
The combination of instrument technology is penetrated, synchro measure and temperature and strain can be effectively distinguished, carry out quantitative analysis, and passes through Fiber Bragg Grating technology
Combination with polarized-light technique can effectively obtain the state of whole optical fiber, and carry out the extraction of vibration frequency.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber, which is characterized in that including grating demodulation instrument, Raman temperature measurer, polarization
Analyzer, synchronous trigger circuit and processor；
The grating demodulation instrument, Raman temperature measurer and polarization analysis instrument pass through the corresponding external multi-core optical fiber of optical fiber interface respectively
Different fibre cores, the grating demodulation instrument are used for temperature and strain sensing, and the Raman temperature measurer is used for temperature sensing, the polarization
Analyzer is for vibration and strain sensing；
The synchronous trigger circuit is connect with three the grating demodulation instrument, Raman temperature measurer and polarization analysis instrument equipment respectively,
For triggering, three equipment are synchronous to carry out light pulse emission and data acquisition；
The processor is connect with three the grating demodulation instrument, Raman temperature measurer and polarization analysis instrument instruments respectively, for pair
The data of three equipment acquisitions carry out comprehensive analysis processing；Wherein, mutual by the data to grating demodulation instrument and Raman temperature measurer
Analysis is mended, the multi-core optical fiber current temperature value and strain value are obtained；Pass through the number to grating demodulation instrument and polarization analysis instrument
According to complementation analysis, judge whether there is disturbance on whole optical fiber link, and obtains the current vibration frequency value of the multi-core optical fiber.
2. the synchronous sensing acquisition instrument of many reference amounts optical fiber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the grating demodulation instrument is logical
Cross the front end of the first fibre core in the external multi-core optical fiber of the first optical fiber interface；The Raman temperature measurer is connect by the second optical fiber
The front end of the second fibre core in the external multi-core optical fiber of mouth；
The polarization analysis instrument passes through the 4th by the front end of the third fibre core in the external multi-core optical fiber of third optical fiber interface
The front end of the 4th fibre core in the external multi-core optical fiber of optical fiber interface, and the end of the third fibre core and the 4th fibre core
End be connected.
3. a kind of synchronous sensing acquisition method of many reference amounts optical fiber characterized by comprising
It is utilized respectively Fiber Bragg Grating technology, Raman optical time domain reflection technology and polarized-light technique, it is fine to the difference in multi-core optical fiber
Core synchronizes sensing measurement；
The data that Fiber Bragg Grating technology and Raman optical time domain reflection technology acquire are subjected to integrated treatment, it is current to obtain multi-core optical fiber
Temperature value and strain value in environmental parameter；
The data that Fiber Bragg Grating technology and polarized-light technique acquire are subjected to integrated treatment, whether determine on whole optical fiber link has
Vibration or strain, and obtain the vibration frequency value in multi-core optical fiber current environment parameter.
4. the synchronous sensing acquisition method of many reference amounts optical fiber according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the same of different fibre cores
Pacing amount realized by synchronous trigger circuit, specifically:
Synchronous trigger circuit is connect with grating demodulation instrument, Raman temperature measurer and polarization analysis instrument respectively, passes through the synchronous triggering
Circuit triggers the grating demodulation instrument, the Raman temperature measurer progress light pulse emission sum number synchronous with the polarization analysis instrument
According to acquisition.
5. the synchronous sensing acquisition method of many reference amounts optical fiber according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described to be utilized respectively light
Fine grating technology, Raman optical time domain reflection technology and polarized-light technique synchronize sensing to the different fibre cores in multi-core optical fiber
Measurement, specifically includes:
Sensing measurement is carried out to the first fibre core in multi-core optical fiber using Fiber Bragg Grating technology, obtains optical fiber Bragg light in optical fiber
The wavelength variable quantity Δ λ of gridB；
Sensing measurement is carried out to the second fibre core in multi-core optical fiber using Raman optical time domain reflection technology, obtains stoke in optical fiber
The luminous flux ψ of this scattering lights(T) and anti-Stokes scattering light luminous flux ψas(T)；
Using polarized-light technique to third fibre core and the 4th fibre core progress sensing measurement in multi-core optical fiber, light intensity in optical fiber is obtained
Situation of change, and carry out the extraction of vibration frequency；Wherein, the end phase of the end of the third fibre core and the 4th fibre core
Connection.
6. the synchronous sensing acquisition method of many reference amounts optical fiber according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described by fiber grating
Technology and the data of Raman optical time domain reflection technology acquisition carry out integrated treatment, obtain the current temperature value of multi-core optical fiber and strain
Value, specifically:
The quantitative analysis that temperature is realized by Raman time domain reflection technology, obtains the temperature value；Pass through Raman Time Domain Reflectometry skill
Art carries out temperature-compensating to Fiber Bragg Grating technology, realizes the quantitative analysis of strain, obtains the strain value.
7. the synchronous sensing acquisition method of many reference amounts optical fiber according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described when passing through Raman
The quantitative analysis of domain reflection technology realization temperature specifically:
The ψ detected according to Raman optical time domain reflection technologys(T) and ψas(T), the multi-core optical fiber is demodulated using Raman formula
Current temperature value T；
It is described that temperature-compensating is carried out to Fiber Bragg Grating technology by Raman time domain reflection technology, it realizes the quantitative analysis of strain, has
Body are as follows:
The Δ λ that the temperature value T and Fiber Bragg Grating technology demodulated based on Raman formula is detectedB, institute is demodulated using grating formula
State the current strain value ε of multi-core optical fiber.
8. the synchronous sensing acquisition method of many reference amounts optical fiber according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the Raman formula tool
Body are as follows:
Wherein, T0For reference temperature, ψsFor the luminous flux of Stokes ratio in optical fiber under corresponding temperature, ψasFor corresponding temperature
The luminous flux of anti-Stokes scattering light in lower optical fiber；μTFor Raman temperature coefficient, by being fitted determination in advance；
The grating formula specifically:
ΔλB=αεε+αTΔT
Wherein, αεFor grating strain coefficient, αTFor grating temperature coefficient, determined by fitting in advance.
9. the synchronous sensing acquisition method of many reference amounts optical fiber according to claim 8, which is characterized in that utilizing Raman formula
Before being demodulated with grating formula, the method also includes:
It is repeatedly heated up to different temperature to multi-core optical fiber, and measures corresponding ψ respectivelysAnd ψas, determine that Raman is public after fitting
Raman temperature coefficient μ in formulaT；
It is repeatedly heated up to different temperature to multi-core optical fiber, and measures corresponding wavelength variable quantity respectively, light is determined after fitting
Grating temperature coefficient α in grid formulaTAnd the temperature range that grating formula is applicable；
Repeatedly apply different strains to multi-core optical fiber, and measure corresponding wavelength variable quantity respectively, grating is determined after fitting
Grating strain factor alpha in formulaεAnd the range of strain that grating formula is applicable.
10. the synchronous sensing acquisition method of many reference amounts optical fiber according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described by optical fiber light
Gate technique and the data of polarized-light technique acquisition carry out integrated treatment, and whether determine has vibration or strain on whole optical fiber link,
And the current vibration frequency value of multi-core optical fiber is obtained, specifically:
The result that polarized-light technique qualitative analysis is vibrated determines whole as the supplement of Fiber Bragg Grating technology point type vibration measurement
Whether vibration or strain are had on optical fiber link；
When recurring vibration and vibrating there are when period-luminosity relation, the arteries and veins in the certain time interval of polarized-light technique detection is utilized
Change frequency is rushed, the current vibration frequency value of multi-core optical fiber is calculated.
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