CN104848980B - Bridge cable Suo Li online test methods and system based on Fibre Optical Sensor - Google Patents
Bridge cable Suo Li online test methods and system based on Fibre Optical Sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于光纤传感的桥梁拉索索力在线检测系统，包括光纤光栅振动传感器组、光纤光栅振动解调仪和拉索振动信号处理单元，光纤光栅振动传感器组包括串联在同一根光纤上的若干个光纤光栅振动传感器，每个光纤光栅振动传感器基于悬臂梁结构和双光栅匹配法设计，采用啁啾光栅代替布拉格光栅，扩大了传感器的检测范围，提高了传感器的稳定性和抗干扰能力，同时降低了传感器的制作难度；光纤光栅振动解调仪基于边沿滤波解调原理设计，并采用波分复用技术实现拉索索力的分布式测量，使一路光纤信号中可以复用多个光纤光栅振动传感器，提高了系统的检测能力，使拉索索力的分布式测量成为可能，为大跨度桥梁拉索的在线检测提供更可靠的技术手段。
The invention provides an on-line detection system for bridge cable force based on optical fiber sensing, which includes a fiber grating vibration sensor group, a fiber grating vibration demodulator and a cable vibration signal processing unit. Several fiber grating vibration sensors are installed, each fiber grating vibration sensor is designed based on the cantilever beam structure and the double grating matching method, and the chirped grating is used instead of the Bragg grating, which expands the detection range of the sensor and improves the stability and anti-interference of the sensor ability, and at the same time reduce the difficulty of making the sensor; the fiber grating vibration demodulator is designed based on the principle of edge filter demodulation, and uses wavelength division multiplexing technology to realize the distributed measurement of the cable force, so that multiple fiber optic signals can be multiplexed in one channel The fiber grating vibration sensor improves the detection ability of the system, makes the distributed measurement of the cable force possible, and provides a more reliable technical means for the online detection of the long-span bridge cable.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于光纤传感检测技术领域，具体涉及一种基于光纤传感的桥梁拉索索力在线检测方法与系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing and detection, and in particular relates to an online detection method and system for cable force of bridge cables based on optical fiber sensing.
背景技术Background technique
拉索是索类(斜拉索、悬索等)桥梁的重要受力构件，其受力状态是评价桥梁结构安全与否的重要指标之一。因此，研究拉索的索力检测方法，特别是在线检测方法，对评价桥梁的健康状况具有重要意义。Cables are important stress-bearing components of cable-type (cable-stayed cables, suspension cables, etc.) bridges, and their stress state is one of the important indicators for evaluating the safety of bridge structures. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the cable force detection method of the cable, especially the online detection method, to evaluate the health status of the bridge.
目前，斜拉索的索力检测方法有多种，如油压表法、磁通量法、测力环法、频率法等。但针对已建成的桥梁，频率法几乎是唯一选择。所谓频率法就是通过振动传感器测量拉索的固有频率来间接计算其索力的方法。频率法的特点是方便、灵活、成本低、精度佳、可用于在线测量。频率法的关键是检测装置的选择和拉索固有频率的识别方法。At present, there are many methods for detecting cable force of stay cables, such as oil pressure gauge method, magnetic flux method, force measuring ring method, frequency method and so on. But for the bridges that have been built, the frequency method is almost the only choice. The so-called frequency method is a method to indirectly calculate the cable force by measuring the natural frequency of the cable with a vibration sensor. The frequency method is characterized by convenience, flexibility, low cost, good precision, and can be used for online measurement. The key of the frequency method is the selection of the detection device and the identification method of the natural frequency of the cable.
常用基于压电式拾振器的监测装置，输出弱电信号，直接传输距离不超过几百米，且怕潮湿，易受干扰，不能在自然环境下长期工作，一般仅用于定期检测。另外，与之配套的索力测试软件，不能实现对拉索振动特征频率的自动检索，不能实现自动测量。Commonly used monitoring devices based on piezoelectric vibration pickups output weak current signals, and the direct transmission distance does not exceed a few hundred meters. They are afraid of moisture and are susceptible to interference. They cannot work for a long time in a natural environment and are generally only used for regular testing. In addition, the supporting cable force testing software cannot realize the automatic retrieval of the vibration characteristic frequency of the cable, and cannot realize automatic measurement.
近年来，随着光纤传感技术的发展，本人所在的课题组开展了基于光纤光栅传感的桥梁索力在线监测系统的研究，取得了一些成果，如2006年《武汉理工大学学报》第28卷第8期的文章“新型光纤光栅振动传感器测试斜拉索索力”。但在总结这些成果的同时也发现如下不足：In recent years, with the development of optical fiber sensing technology, my research group has carried out research on bridge cable force online monitoring system based on fiber grating sensing, and achieved some results, such as the 28th issue of "Journal of Wuhan University of Technology" in 2006 Article in Volume 8, "Testing Cable Forces in Stay Cables with a New Fiber Bragg Grating Vibration Sensor". However, while summarizing these achievements, the following shortcomings are also found:
(1)光纤传感器的稳定性较差。主要原因是采用的传感元件FBG的反射谱较窄，受安装工艺和环境温度变化的影响，双光栅匹配失效的概率大，另外双悬臂梁结构的设计也是造成传感器失效的原因之一。(1) The stability of the fiber optic sensor is poor. The main reason is that the reflection spectrum of the sensor element FBG used is relatively narrow. Affected by the installation process and ambient temperature changes, the probability of double grating matching failure is high. In addition, the design of the double cantilever beam structure is also one of the reasons for the failure of the sensor.
(2)单点测量，系统的复用能力差，难以形成大规模传感网络，不能实现分布式测量。(2) For single-point measurement, the multiplexing ability of the system is poor, it is difficult to form a large-scale sensor network, and distributed measurement cannot be realized.
(3)识别方法的可靠性较差。目前采用的识别法主要识别拉索的一阶固有频率，这样识别难度很大，可靠性很差。原因是(如)有些长索的固有频率很低，甚至超出传感器的低频截止范围，识别就会失败。(3) The reliability of the identification method is poor. The identification method currently used mainly identifies the first-order natural frequency of the cable, which is very difficult to identify and has poor reliability. The reason is that (for example) some long cables have very low natural frequencies, even beyond the low frequency cut-off range of the sensor, and the identification will fail.
针对上述存在的问题，到目前为止还未见解决办法的有关报道。For the above-mentioned problems, there are no relevant reports of solutions so far.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种基于光纤传感的桥梁拉索索力在线检测方法与系统，为大跨度桥梁拉索的在线检测提供更可靠的技术手段。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and system for online detection of cable force of bridge cables based on optical fiber sensing, so as to provide more reliable technical means for online detection of long-span bridge cables.
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采取的技术方案为：一种基于光纤传感的桥梁拉索索力在线检测系统，包括依次连接的光纤光栅振动传感器组、光纤光栅振动解调仪和拉索振动信号处理单元，其特征在于：所述的光纤光栅振动传感器组包括串联在同一根光纤上的若干个光纤光栅振动传感器，每个光纤光栅振动传感器包括设置在桥梁拉索上的悬臂梁，悬臂梁的末端连接有质量块，悬臂梁的上下表面对称设有一对啁啾光栅，2个啁啾光栅位于一根光纤上；所述的光纤光栅振动解调仪包括宽带光源、耦合器、波分复用器和光电探测器阵列，宽带光源的光经耦合器进入光纤光栅振动传感器组，光纤光栅振动传感器组返回的光信号经过光耦合器进入波分复用器，波分复用器的输出端通过光电探测器阵列将光信号转换为电信号再输入给所述的拉索振动信号处理单元；The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: an on-line detection system for cable force of a bridge cable based on optical fiber sensing, including a fiber grating vibration sensor group connected in sequence, a fiber grating vibration demodulator and a cable vibration signal The processing unit is characterized in that: the fiber grating vibration sensor group includes several fiber grating vibration sensors connected in series on the same optical fiber, each fiber grating vibration sensor includes a cantilever beam arranged on the bridge cable, the cantilever beam The end is connected with a quality block, and a pair of chirped gratings are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the cantilever beam, and the two chirped gratings are located on one optical fiber; the fiber grating vibration demodulator includes a broadband light source, a coupler, a wavelength division multiplexing The light of the broadband light source enters the fiber grating vibration sensor group through the coupler, and the optical signal returned by the fiber grating vibration sensor group enters the wavelength division multiplexer through the optical coupler, and the output terminal of the wavelength division multiplexer passes through The photodetector array converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and then inputs it to the cable vibration signal processing unit;
所述的波分复用器包含一个输入端和n个输出端，输出n个位于不同波段的光，光波带宽大于光纤光栅振动传感器组反射谱的最大带宽，每个输出端连接一个光电探测器，n个光电探测器构成所述的光电探测器阵列。The wavelength division multiplexer includes an input port and n output ports, and outputs n lights in different wave bands, the bandwidth of the light wave is greater than the maximum bandwidth of the reflection spectrum of the fiber grating vibration sensor group, and each output port is connected to a photodetector , n photodetectors constitute the photodetector array.
按上述系统，所述的啁啾光栅均采用两点粘贴的方式安装在悬臂梁的上下表面，且施加预应力，波长变化量控制在1±0.1nm范围内。According to the above system, the chirped gratings are installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the cantilever beam by two-point pasting, and prestress is applied, and the wavelength variation is controlled within the range of 1±0.1nm.
按上述系统，同一个光纤光栅振动传感器中的2个啁啾光栅的3dB带宽均为2nm，初始状态下的中心波长差小于0.5nm，温度灵敏度系数的差值小于2pm/℃。According to the above system, the 3dB bandwidth of the two chirped gratings in the same fiber grating vibration sensor is both 2nm, the center wavelength difference in the initial state is less than 0.5nm, and the temperature sensitivity coefficient difference is less than 2pm/℃.
利用基于光纤传感的桥梁拉索索力在线检测系统实现的在线检测方法，其特征在于：通过桥梁拉索上安装的光纤光栅振动传感器组获取拉索的振动响应，分析拉索的振动频谱，识别出拉索的振动基频，根据索力与基频的关系计算拉索的索力。The online detection method realized by the online detection system of bridge cable force based on optical fiber sensing is characterized in that: the vibration response of the cable is obtained through the fiber grating vibration sensor group installed on the bridge cable, the vibration spectrum of the cable is analyzed, and the identification The vibration fundamental frequency of the cable is obtained, and the cable force of the cable is calculated according to the relationship between the cable force and the fundamental frequency.
按上述方法，识别拉索的振动基频的方法为：根据拉索频谱中任意两阶相邻谱峰的频率统计值来求取拉索的振动基频。According to the above method, the method of identifying the vibration fundamental frequency of the cable is: according to the frequency statistics of any two-order adjacent spectrum peaks in the cable spectrum, the vibration fundamental frequency of the cable is calculated.
本发明的有益效果为：采用啁啾光栅代替布拉格光栅，扩大了传感器的检测范围，提高了传感器的稳定性和抗干扰能力，同时降低了传感器的制作难度；光纤光栅振动解调仪基于边沿滤波解调原理设计，并采用波分复用技术实现拉索索力的分布式测量，使一路光纤信号中可以复用多个光纤光栅振动传感器，不仅提高了系统的检测能力，也使拉索索力的分布式测量成为可能，为大跨度桥梁拉索的在线检测提供更可靠的技术手段；采用滤波法，缩小了频率识别区间，提高识别的准确性；采用任意相邻两阶谱峰的频率统计值来获取拉索振动的基频，降低了拉索振动基频的识别难度。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the use of chirped gratings instead of Bragg gratings expands the detection range of the sensor, improves the stability and anti-interference ability of the sensor, and reduces the difficulty of making the sensor; the fiber grating vibration demodulator is based on edge filtering Demodulation principle design, and the use of wavelength division multiplexing technology to realize the distributed measurement of cable force, so that multiple fiber grating vibration sensors can be multiplexed in one optical fiber signal, which not only improves the detection ability of the system, but also makes the force of the cable Distributed measurement becomes possible, providing more reliable technical means for online detection of long-span bridge cables; using filtering method, the frequency identification interval is narrowed, and the accuracy of identification is improved; the frequency statistics of any adjacent two-order spectral peaks are used To obtain the fundamental frequency of the vibration of the cable, which reduces the difficulty of identifying the fundamental frequency of the vibration of the cable.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一实施例的系统结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为光纤光栅传感器的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fiber grating sensor.
图3为光纤光栅振动传感器工作原理图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the fiber grating vibration sensor.
图4为光纤光栅振动解调仪的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber grating vibration demodulator.
图中：1-光纤，2-第一啁啾光栅，3-第二啁啾光栅，4-质量块，5-悬臂梁。In the figure: 1-optical fiber, 2-first chirped grating, 3-second chirped grating, 4-mass block, 5-cantilever beam.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实例和附图对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples and accompanying drawings.
一种基于光纤传感的桥梁拉索索力在线检测系统，如图1所示，包括依次连接的光纤光栅振动传感器组、光纤光栅振动解调仪和拉索振动信号处理单元，优选的还可以增加与拉索振动信号处理单元连接的报警单元，分析和判断拉索状态是否安全。所述的光纤光栅振动传感器组包括串联在同一根光纤上的若干个光纤光栅振动传感器，每个光纤光栅振动传感器如图2所示，包括设置在桥梁拉索上的悬臂梁5(单悬臂梁结构)，悬臂梁5的末端连接有质量块4，悬臂梁5的上下表面对称设有一对啁啾光栅，分别为第一啁啾光栅2和第二啁啾光栅3，2个啁啾光栅位于一根光纤1上。所述的光纤光栅振动解调仪如图4所示，包括宽带光源、耦合器、波分复用器和光电探测器阵列，宽带光源的光经耦合器进入光纤光栅振动传感器组，光纤光栅振动传感器组返回的光信号经过光耦合器进入波分复用器，波分复用器的输出端通过光电探测器阵列将光信号转换为电信号再输入给所述的拉索振动信号处理单元；所述的波分复用器包含一个输入端和n个输出端，输出n个位于不同波段的光，光波带宽大于光纤光栅振动传感器组反射谱的最大带宽，每个输出端连接一个光电探测器，n个光电探测器构成所述的光电探测器阵列。A bridge cable force online detection system based on optical fiber sensing, as shown in Figure 1, includes a fiber grating vibration sensor group, a fiber grating vibration demodulator and a cable vibration signal processing unit connected in sequence, preferably can also increase The alarm unit connected with the cable vibration signal processing unit analyzes and judges whether the state of the cable is safe. The fiber grating vibration sensor group includes several fiber grating vibration sensors connected in series on the same optical fiber, each fiber grating vibration sensor as shown in Figure 2, includes a cantilever 5 (single cantilever structure), the end of the cantilever beam 5 is connected with a mass block 4, and a pair of chirped gratings are arranged symmetrically on the upper and lower surfaces of the cantilever beam 5, which are respectively the first chirped grating 2 and the second chirped grating 3, and the two chirped gratings are located at on one fiber 1. The fiber grating vibration demodulator as shown in Figure 4, comprises a broadband light source, a coupler, a wavelength division multiplexer and a photodetector array, the light of the broadband light source enters the fiber grating vibration sensor group through the coupler, and the fiber grating vibrates The optical signal returned by the sensor group enters the wavelength division multiplexer through the optical coupler, and the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer converts the optical signal into an electrical signal through the photodetector array and then inputs it to the cable vibration signal processing unit; The wavelength division multiplexer includes an input port and n output ports, and outputs n lights in different wave bands, the bandwidth of the light wave is greater than the maximum bandwidth of the reflection spectrum of the fiber grating vibration sensor group, and each output port is connected to a photodetector , n photodetectors constitute the photodetector array.
所述的啁啾光栅均采用两点粘贴的方式(即只粘贴光栅的两端)安装在悬臂梁的上下表面，且粘贴时施加预应力，波长变化量控制在1±0.1nm范围内。The chirped gratings are installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the cantilever beam by means of two-point pasting (that is, only the two ends of the grating are pasted), and prestress is applied during pasting, and the wavelength variation is controlled within the range of 1±0.1nm.
同一个光纤光栅振动传感器中的2个啁啾光栅的3dB带宽均为2nm，初始状态下的中心波长差小于0.5nm，温度灵敏度系数的差值小于2pm/℃。The 3dB bandwidth of the two chirped gratings in the same fiber grating vibration sensor is both 2nm, the center wavelength difference in the initial state is less than 0.5nm, and the temperature sensitivity coefficient difference is less than 2pm/℃.
光纤光栅振动传感器的工作原理，如图3所示。在光纤光栅处于初始状态时(没有振动时的状态)，双光栅的反射谱的状态如左上图所示，此时传感器对应的输出信号如左下图所示，为一条水平直线。当传感器做正弦振动后，在质量块的惯性作用下，悬臂梁发生变形，产生周期性应变，因而双光栅的反射谱也发生周期性移动，如右上图所示，此时传感器对应的输出信号如右下图所示，为一正弦波形。传感器的输出信号再现了传感器的振动状态。The working principle of the fiber grating vibration sensor is shown in Figure 3. When the fiber grating is in the initial state (the state without vibration), the state of the reflection spectrum of the double grating is shown in the upper left figure. At this time, the corresponding output signal of the sensor is shown in the lower left figure, which is a horizontal straight line. When the sensor vibrates sinusoidally, under the inertia of the mass block, the cantilever beam deforms and produces periodic strain, so the reflection spectrum of the double grating also moves periodically, as shown in the upper right figure, at this time the corresponding output signal of the sensor As shown in the lower right figure, it is a sine wave. The output signal of the sensor reproduces the vibration state of the sensor.
如图4，在光纤光栅振动解调仪中，增加了1×8型波分复用器，其作用是8个不同波段的光纤光栅振动传感器复用到一路光纤上进入到解调仪的一个通道中，经波分复用器后，8个传感器的反射信号被分离，从8个不同端口射出，再经过光电探测器转换成相应的电信号。As shown in Figure 4, in the fiber grating vibration demodulator, a 1×8 wavelength division multiplexer is added, and its function is to multiplex 8 fiber grating vibration sensors of different bands onto one optical fiber and enter one of the demodulator. In the channel, after the wavelength division multiplexer, the reflected signals of the 8 sensors are separated, emitted from 8 different ports, and then converted into corresponding electrical signals by the photodetector.
上述的光纤光栅振动传感器所占用的波段以及传感器波段之间的间隔均与波分复用器的相关指标对应。The wavelength bands occupied by the aforementioned fiber grating vibration sensors and the intervals between the sensor bands correspond to the relevant indexes of the wavelength division multiplexer.
利用上述基于光纤传感的桥梁拉索索力在线检测系统实现的在线检测方法，通过桥梁拉索上安装的光纤光栅振动传感器组获取拉索的振动响应，分析拉索的振动频谱，识别出拉索的振动基频，根据索力与基频的关系计算拉索的索力。Using the online detection method realized by the above-mentioned online detection system of bridge cable force based on optical fiber sensing, the fiber grating vibration sensor group installed on the bridge cable can obtain the vibration response of the cable, analyze the vibration spectrum of the cable, and identify the cable According to the relationship between the cable force and the fundamental frequency, the cable force of the cable is calculated.
识别拉索的振动基频的方法具体为：根据拉索频谱中任意两阶相邻谱峰的频率统计值来求取拉索的振动基频。The method for identifying the fundamental vibration frequency of the cable is as follows: calculating the fundamental vibration frequency of the cable according to the frequency statistics of any two-order adjacent spectrum peaks in the cable spectrum.
该方法主要包括以下三步骤：(1)获取拉索的振动频谱：本实施例中，系统采集频率设置为20Hz，对每10秒的时程数据进行一次FFT分析，获取拉索的振动频谱；(2)拉索基频信号识别：根据拉索的设计索力值，估算拉索的基频范围，然后对拉索振动频谱进行带通滤波，缩小频率识别区间，从滤波后的信号中读取各阶峰值对应的频率，若有任意三阶相邻频率满足公式fi+1-fi＝fi-fi-1＝f0，则差值f0为拉索的振动基频；(3)拉索的索力计算：根据公式T＝4ml2f0 2，计算拉索的索力T，式中m为拉索的线密度，l为拉索的有效长度。The method mainly includes the following three steps: (1) Obtain the vibration spectrum of the cable: in this embodiment, the system acquisition frequency is set to 20 Hz, and an FFT analysis is performed on the time course data every 10 seconds to obtain the vibration spectrum of the cable; (2) Cable fundamental frequency signal identification: According to the design cable force value of the cable, estimate the fundamental frequency range of the cable, and then band-pass filter the vibration spectrum of the cable to narrow the frequency identification interval, and read it from the filtered signal. Take the frequency corresponding to the peak value of each order, if any third-order adjacent frequency satisfies the formula f i+1 -f i =f i -f i-1 =f 0 , then the difference f 0 is the vibration fundamental frequency of the cable; (3) Calculation of the cable force of the cable: Calculate the cable force T of the cable according to the formula T=4ml 2 f 0 2 , where m is the linear density of the cable, and l is the effective length of the cable.
在评价拉索状态的环节，不以拉索某一时刻的索力作为评价指标，而以一段时辰内的拉索索力变化趋势作为评价依据。In the link of evaluating the state of the cable, the cable force at a certain moment is not used as the evaluation index, but the change trend of the cable force within a period of time is used as the evaluation basis.
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的设计思想和特点，其目的在于使本领域内的技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，本发明的保护范围不限于上述实施例。所以，凡依据本发明所揭示的原理、设计思路所作的等同变化或修饰，均在本发明的保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the design concept and characteristics of the present invention, and its purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications based on the principles and design ideas disclosed in the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
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