CN111760905A - Method for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by using plants and phytohormones together - Google Patents
Method for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by using plants and phytohormones together Download PDFInfo
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- CN111760905A CN111760905A CN202010652269.3A CN202010652269A CN111760905A CN 111760905 A CN111760905 A CN 111760905A CN 202010652269 A CN202010652269 A CN 202010652269A CN 111760905 A CN111760905 A CN 111760905A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation. The invention discloses a method for repairing cadmium contaminated soil by plants and phytohormones together, which adopts poplar, camphor tree and radix ophiopogonis to form a biological community structure, wherein the radix ophiopogonis is planted between the poplar and the camphor tree, the planting distance between the poplar and the radix ophiopogonis is 5-6 meters, and the planting distance between the camphor tree and the radix ophiopogonis is 4-5 meters; simultaneously, spraying plant hormone at the time of 3 months and 7 months of each year, wherein the spraying amount is 666.7m per year2Spraying 22-25L. The invention provides a plant community mainly comprising camphor trees, poplar trees and radix ophiopogonis, which is used for repairing heavy metal polluted (cadmium) soil, gives full play to the growth characteristics of herbaceous and woody plants and can effectively repair heavy metal polluted soil for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil by using plants and phytohormones together.
Background
With the continuous enhancement of human activities such as metal smelting, fossil fuel exploitation, pesticide and fertilizer application and the like, the migration and diffusion speed of heavy metal pollutants generated in various industrial and agricultural production to the surrounding environment is steadily increased, so that the heavy metal pollution of soil becomes an important global environmental problem. Heavy metal pollution has accumulation and irreversibility, so that ecological systems such as atmosphere, water, soil and the like are seriously damaged. Cadmium in particular has hydrophilicity and extremely high biotoxicity, is easily absorbed by plant roots, changes the structure and the function of a plant body through indirect action, influences the opening and closing of leaf stomata, inhibits the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, weakens photosynthesis and reduces the biological yield. Plants grown under cadmium stress may be toxic to cells due to excessive production of oxygen radicals, which may destroy the antioxidant system of the plant and even cause plant death. In this case, in order to alleviate oxidative damage of cells and maintain normal physiological activities thereof, antioxidant defense substances such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD) and proline in plants play an important role in balancing active oxygen or hydrogen peroxide generated under oxidative stress conditions. Particularly, excessive cadmium can affect the brain, bones, respiratory system and the like through food chains, and long-term contact can cause respiratory failure, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases of a human body.
In the prior art, the restoration principle can be divided into physical restoration, chemical restoration, agricultural ecological restoration and biological restoration. The physical remediation technology is to remove or strip pollutants from soil by means of various physical measures, thermal desorption and the like according to the physical properties of the soil and different characteristics of heavy metals. Mainly comprises methods of soil dressing, soil replacement, deep ploughing and soil turning, thermal remediation and the like. The soil-visiting method is to add clean soil to the surface layer of the heavy metal contaminated soil according to the contaminated condition of the soil, so that the concentration of heavy metal pollutants in the soil is reduced to a normal level or the relevance of heavy metal ions and plant roots is reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the environmental risk. The method is suitable for treating the polluted soil with convenient soil taking and small range. Although the method has high removal efficiency and remarkable effect, the method also has the problems of high investment, large engineering quantity, complexity and the like. Therefore, the repair control by this method is not an ideal repair control method.
The development of chemical remediation technology for heavy metal pollution of soil is earlier than physical remediation. The chemical remediation is to add different chemical substances into the heavy metal contaminated soil, thereby changing the chemical properties of the soil to a certain extent, further directly or indirectly changing the form and the effectiveness of heavy metal ions, and further inhibiting or reducing the absorption, transportation and enrichment effects of plants on the heavy metal ions. Commonly used chemical repair means are leaching, passivation, electrochemistry, etc. The soil passivation is to add passivators such as lime and asphalt into the heavy metal contaminated soil to change the chemical properties of the soil, reduce the biological effectiveness and the mobility of the soil and form a relatively stable state. At present, the passivation and restoration of organic or inorganic polluted soil by using cement is reported. The technology has good fixing effect and lower disposal cost. However, heavy metals are not removed from the soil, so that the pollutants are easily reactivated to influence the environmental quality of the soil, and long-term tracking and monitoring are needed. The electro-chemical remediation refers to the enrichment of heavy metal elements in the polluted soil around an electrode by means of electromigration, electroosmotic flow or electrophoresis and the like, so that the heavy metal elements are intensively removed and stripped.
The agricultural ecological restoration is to adopt the methods of controlling soil moisture, changing some original cultivation modes, adjusting the varieties of crops in polluted areas or reducing the heavy metal pollution of soil by reducing the application of fertilizers and pesticides according to local conditions so as to maintain relatively stable ecological balance. But the repair cycle is too long and the repair effect is low.
The bioremediation technology of the heavy metal contaminated soil is to utilize the existing animals, plants or microorganisms in the soil to absorb and transform the content of the soil pollutants or to achieve the purpose of removing the pollutants by changing the existing forms of the heavy metals in the soil. The most common technique used today is phytoremediation. Plants commonly used in phytoremediation techniques are herbaceous plants, woody plants, and combinations of herbaceous and woody plants.
Grain crops, vegetables and weeds in herbaceous plants are mostly used for repairing heavy metal pollution, and the grain crops and the vegetables are easy to enter food chains of human beings and animals after repairing heavy metal polluted soil, are enriched in life bodies and bring adverse consequences to an ecological system and life activities of the human beings. Although the weeds overcome the problem that the physical and chemical remediation technology cannot completely remove heavy metals from soil, and have the advantages of high growth speed, strong reproductive capacity, adverse environment resistance and the like, the weeds can generate a large amount of biomass containing heavy metal pollutants after the polluted soil is remediated, the biomass of the weeds is small, heavy metals can be accumulated again in a certain range in the harvesting treatment process, even the weeds can enter a food chain, and the potential remediation capacity of the heavy metal polluted soil needs to be further researched.
Compared with herbaceous plants, woody plants have a good purifying effect and large biomass, and accordingly the amount of absorbed and transferred pollutants is increased, so that more pollutants can be absorbed in the remediation of polluted environments. The woody plant absorbs the toxic and harmful heavy metals and other pollutants by the root of the plant, stores the pollutants at the root and transfers the pollutants to the overground part, and the purpose of removing the heavy metals in the soil is achieved by harvesting and felling. However, the restoration of woody plants has a plurality of problems, the restoration period of the woody plants is long, the input cost is higher relative to herbaceous plants, most of the woody plants have extremely low economic value after harvesting, and even the enrichment capacity of some woody plants is related to seasons, for example, Lichining and the like [53] take common greening tree species in Beijing as research objects, and discover that willows in spring, summer and autumn have strong enrichment capacity on Cu and Zn, Chinese scholartree has strong enrichment capacity on Cu, Cr and Pb, and arborvitae has strong enrichment capacity on Zn; in winter, Chinese pine has Cu enriching capacity, white bark pine has Cr and Pb absorbing capacity, and arborvitae has Zn enriching capacity. So that the application rate of woody plants in the remediation of contaminated soil is lower than that of herbaceous plants.
In the prior art, the application of the combination of herbaceous plants and woody plants in the heavy metal contaminated soil is only considered, the enrichment capacity of each plant to different heavy metals in the soil in a short period is not considered, and whether a biological community formed by the herbaceous plants and the woody plants is beneficial to the long-term growth of each plant is not considered, so that the later-stage soil remediation effect is influenced.
In view of the above, the invention provides an application of combining herbaceous plants and woody plants in heavy metal contaminated soil, which can not only enrich heavy metals, especially cadmium, in the soil with maximum efficiency, but also form a community structure which is beneficial to long-term growth of the plants, and solves the defects of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a plant community mainly comprising camphor trees, poplar trees and radix ophiopogonis, which repairs heavy metal polluted (cadmium) soil, gives full play to the growth characteristics of herbaceous and woody plants, and can effectively repair heavy metal polluted soil for a long time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by plants and phytohormones together adopts poplar, camphor tree and radix ophiopogonis to form a biological community structure, wherein radix ophiopogonis is planted between the poplar and the camphor tree, the planting distance between the poplar and the radix ophiopogonis is 5-6 meters, and the planting distance between the camphor tree and the radix ophiopogonis is 4-5 meters; simultaneously, spraying plant hormone at the time of 3 months and 7 months of each year, wherein the spraying amount is 666.7m per year2Spraying 22-25L.
Preferably, the planting sequence of the plants in the community structure is that poplar, dwarf lilyturf tuber and camphor tree circulate in sequence.
Preferably, the plant hormones include gibberellin, salicylic acid, and auxin.
Preferably, the concentration of the gibberellin is 300-400mg/L, the concentration of the salicylic acid is 100-130mg/L, and the concentration of the auxin is 200-250 mg/L.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention combines herbaceous plants and woody plants, and overcomes the problems of small biomass of herbaceous plants and long restoration period of woody plants. The poplar is used as woody plant, has strong adaptability, fast growth period and low investment; the camphor trees belong to evergreen plants, and the defect of low efficiency of leaf falling and heavy metal cadmium enrichment of poplar in winter is overcome; the radix ophiopogonis is also strong in adaptability and fast in growth cycle, and can quickly enrich heavy metal cadmium in soil; and the enrichment capacity of the three plants on Cd, Cu and Zn is also better than that of other plants.
2. The poplar, the cinnamomum camphora and the radix ophiopogonis form a community, the plants are planted in order by means of high-low dislocation, illumination and nutrients in soil are fully utilized, the plants can grow in arid areas, saline-alkali areas and places seriously polluted by heavy metal for a long time, the soil is repaired, the situation that few plants in polluted soil lands are generated, water and soil loss occurs is avoided, and multiple purposes are achieved.
3. The plant hormone is adopted to further relieve the stress effect of heavy metal contaminated soil on plants, and gibberellin, salicylic acid and auxin are sprayed according to a certain proportion for a specific time, so that the damage of heavy metals on plant cells is relieved, and the capability of the plants for enriching the heavy metals is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Sequentially and circularly planting poplar, dwarf lilyturf tuber and cinnamomum camphora to form a biological community structure, wherein the planting distance between the poplar and the dwarf lilyturf tuber is 5 meters, and the planting distance between the cinnamomum camphora and the dwarf lilyturf tuber is 4 meters; simultaneously, spraying plant hormone at the time of 3 months and 7 months of each year, wherein the spraying amount is 666.7m per year2Spraying 22L;
wherein the plant hormones include gibberellin, salicylic acid and auxin; the concentration of gibberellin is 300mg/L, the concentration of salicylic acid is 100mg/L, and the concentration of auxin is 200 mg/L.
Example 2
Sequentially and circularly planting poplar, dwarf lilyturf tuber and cinnamomum camphora to form a biological community structure, wherein the planting distance between the poplar and the dwarf lilyturf tuber is 6 meters, and the planting distance between the cinnamomum camphora and the dwarf lilyturf tuber is 5 meters; simultaneously, spraying plant hormone at the time of 3 months and 7 months of each year, wherein the spraying amount is 666.7m per year2Spraying 25L;
wherein the plant hormones include gibberellin, salicylic acid and auxin; the concentration of gibberellin is 400mg/L, the concentration of salicylic acid is 130mg/L, and the concentration of auxin is 250 mg/L.
Example 3
Sequentially and circularly planting poplar, dwarf lilyturf tuber and cinnamomum camphora to form a biological community structure, wherein the planting distance between the poplar and the dwarf lilyturf tuber is 6 meters, and the planting distance between the cinnamomum camphora and the dwarf lilyturf tuber is 4 meters; simultaneously, spraying plant hormone at the time of 3 months and 7 months of each year, wherein the spraying amount is 666.7m per year2Spraying 23L of the mixture;
wherein the plant hormones include gibberellin, salicylic acid and auxin; the concentration of gibberellin is 350mg/L, the concentration of salicylic acid is 120mg/L, and the concentration of auxin is 225 mg/L.
Example 4
Sequentially and circularly planting poplar, dwarf lilyturf tuber and cinnamomum camphora to form a biological community structure, wherein the planting distance between the poplar and the dwarf lilyturf tuber is 5 meters, and the planting distance between the cinnamomum camphora and the dwarf lilyturf tuber is 5 meters; simultaneously, spraying plant hormone at the time of 3 months and 7 months of each year, wherein the spraying amount is 666.7m per year2Spraying 24L of the mixture;
wherein the plant hormones include gibberellin, salicylic acid and auxin; the concentration of gibberellin is 380mg/L, the concentration of salicylic acid is 110mg/L, and the concentration of auxin is 210 mg/L.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A method for repairing cadmium contaminated soil by plants and phytohormones together is characterized in that a biological community structure is formed by poplar trees, camphor trees and radix ophiopogonis, wherein the radix ophiopogonis is planted between the poplar trees and the camphor trees, the planting distance between the poplar trees and the radix ophiopogonis is 5-6 meters, and the planting distance between the camphor trees and the radix ophiopogonis is 4-5 meters; simultaneously, spraying plant hormone at the time of 3 months and 7 months of each year, wherein the spraying amount is 666.7m per year2Spraying 22-25L.
2. The method for repairing cadmium contaminated soil by using plants and phytohormones as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plants are planted in the order of poplar, ophiopogon root and cinnamomum camphora in the community structure.
3. The method for remediating cadmium contaminated soil using a combination of a plant and a phytohormone as claimed in claim 1, wherein said phytohormone comprises gibberellin, salicylic acid, and auxin.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the concentration of gibberellin is 400mg/L, the concentration of salicylic acid is 130mg/L and the concentration of auxin is 250mg/L, respectively, and the concentration of gibberellin is 300-400mg/L and the concentration of salicylic acid is 100-130 mg/L.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010652269.3A CN111760905A (en) | 2020-07-08 | 2020-07-08 | Method for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by using plants and phytohormones together |
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| CN202010652269.3A CN111760905A (en) | 2020-07-08 | 2020-07-08 | Method for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by using plants and phytohormones together |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113372917A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-10 | 沈阳大学 | Method for strengthening phytoremediation of cadmium-polluted soil by using regulator and product thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113372917A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-10 | 沈阳大学 | Method for strengthening phytoremediation of cadmium-polluted soil by using regulator and product thereof |
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Application publication date: 20201013 |