CN111760571A - 一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111760571A CN111760571A CN202010676900.3A CN202010676900A CN111760571A CN 111760571 A CN111760571 A CN 111760571A CN 202010676900 A CN202010676900 A CN 202010676900A CN 111760571 A CN111760571 A CN 111760571A
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- calcium aluminate
- calcium
- aluminate catalyst
- olefin selectivity
- nitrate
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WFLYOQCSIHENTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum(4+) tetranitrate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Mo+4].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] WFLYOQCSIHENTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,涉及重质油催化裂解技术领域。包括以下步骤:S1、将铝源粉体、钙源粉体、增孔剂均匀分散于液相媒介中,得到混合浆液;S2、将S1得到的混合浆液在惰性气体气氛下于900~1200℃煅烧2~8h,然后置于水蒸汽与氧气组成的混合气氛围中进行气化造孔,制得铝酸钙载体前驱体;S3、将改性剂、及S2制得的铝酸钙载体前驱体均匀分散于所述液相媒介中,形成均质浆液后,经干燥、在500~700℃焙烧2~7h、造粒、筛分,即得铝酸钙催化剂。本发明所提供的制备方法得到铝酸钙催化剂的质构特性相比传统制备方法得到催化剂的更优良。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于重质油催化裂解技术领域,具体涉及一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
催化剂是影响重油能否高效转化的重要因素,因此,裂解催化剂需具有较好的反应活性、稳定性、机械强度及抗积碳性等特点。到目前为止,研究最多的重油转化催化剂包括酸性催化剂和碱性催化剂两类。
酸性催化剂,顾名思义具有酸性活性中心的催化剂。在石油化工领域,最常用的是分子筛催化剂,该类催化剂的表面一般具有Bronsted酸和Lewis酸两类酸性中心,这两种酸性中心会诱导或促进烃类分子生成碳正离子。在于重油催化领域,酸性分子筛催化剂应用较为广泛。
由于重质油原料具有分子大、H/C比低、密度大、高粘度、重金属及残炭含量高等特性,使得现有分子筛催化剂结构、性能与重质油原料大分子的适应匹配性相对较差,存在易造成催化剂中毒失活、生焦量大以及产物选择性差等劣势。因而开发具有合理孔径分布、反应活性高、抗结焦性、抗毒性等方面能力的新型重质油转化催化剂,将受到研究者越来越多的关注。
碱性催化剂具有强度大、熔点高、耐高温性好、抗毒性、氢转移活性低以及脱氢性能好等优势。传统上制备铝酸钙碱性催化剂主要通过以下方法:将碳酸钙粉末(或石灰)与矾土粉末(氧化铝)混合均匀以形成固相混合物,将该固相混合物经过高温煅烧、干燥、研磨以及筛分等过程,形成期望的颗粒粒径分布。但由于传统固相合成法需采用高温煅烧过程(1400℃左右),使得制备的铝酸钙碱性载体或催化剂存在质构特性欠缺,同时也存在可操作性差、设备投资高等劣势。
尽管国内外关于碱性的研究已有相当多,目前,如铝酸钙常被用作浇注材料(铝酸钙水泥)、催化剂载体或制备生物柴油的催化剂。但在重质油催化转化领域,鲜有研究将碱性催化剂用于重质油催化提质反应过程。以铝酸钙碱性催化剂为重质油转化催化剂的如孟祥海等人在《化学反应工程与工艺》的2003年第04期的第358–364页上发表文章公开了一种以大庆常压渣油为原料,铝酸钙为催化剂,催化裂解反应对重质油进行改性提质,研究者通过调控反应条件,明晰反应条件对裂解产物组成分布之间的关系,发现在反应温度为700℃,停留时间1.9s,剂油比为16时,裂解气中总烯烃收率接近50wt%,液相中芳烃收率可达到12wt%左右。Lemonidou等人在《应用催化A》的1989年第54期的第119–138页上公开了采用重质油为原料,12CaO–7A12O3型铝酸钙为催化剂,蒸汽催化裂解反应制备了乙烯产品,研究发现改变反应条件(温度、停留时间、压力)对裂解气中乙烯烃产品产率与选择性具有较大影响,在反应温度为780℃,停留时间0.2s,压力0.16atm时,所得裂解气中烯烃收率达到54wt%左右。Nowak等人在《表面科学与催化研究》的1989年第53期的第103–127页上公开了以瓦斯油为原料,铝酸钙为催化剂,催化重质油原料转化制备低碳烯烃的新路线,研究发现反应温度和催化剂添加比例等因素对裂解产物中低碳烯烃、轻质油和芳烃收率具有显著影响,但催化剂需高温合成,耗能高,质构特性欠缺,裂解产物中低碳烯烃选择性变化量较小。中国发明专利申请号CN200710099844.6公开了一种蒸汽裂解催化剂及其制备方法和应用,以改性铝酸钙与含铝化合物载体为催化剂,用于轻质石油原料蒸汽裂解制低碳烯烃,研究发现制备的催化剂在蒸汽裂解反应中具有低碳烯烃收率高、催化活性高、孔结构适宜、强度高等优点,但是反应过程中原料油转化率不高仅有63.3%~72.3%,且裂解反应温度相对较高高达720~765℃。
以上公开的重油催化技术中采用的铝酸钙催化剂均是以固相合成法制备的,存在制备铝酸钙的比表面积较小(<2.0m2·g–1)、孔结构欠缺以及比重大等问题,难以最大程度发挥其均布活性组分、调控烯烃选择性以及流化的特点,成为进一步制约可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂工业化应用的瓶颈。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述现有技术存在的不足,提供一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,通过钙基粉体、铝基粉体以及增孔剂在水组成的液体混合物中搅拌混合均匀,采用低温生焦、高温合成以及气化造孔措施合成大比面积铝酸钙载体,再将改性剂浸渍到铝酸钙载体前驱体上,通过干燥、焙烧、造粒和筛分过程将得到,铝酸钙催化剂。本发明制备的碱性催化剂的质构特性相比传统制备方法得到催化剂的更优良。
本发明第一个目的提供一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将铝源粉体、钙源粉体、增孔剂均匀分散于液相媒介中,得到混合浆液;
S2、将S1得到的混合浆液,在惰性气体气氛下,先以5.0℃/min升温速率由室温升至300℃,保温1~2h后,继续升温至800℃,并保温1~2h,再以1.0℃/min升温速率由800℃升至900~1200℃煅烧2~8h,然后置于水蒸汽与氧气组成的混合气氛围中进行气化造孔,制得铝酸钙载体前驱体;
S3、将改性剂、及S2制得的铝酸钙载体前驱体均匀分散于所述液相媒介中,形成均质浆液后,经80℃条件下干燥3~5h,再在500~700℃焙烧2~7h,即得铝酸钙催化剂。
优选的,所述铝源粉体包括氧化铝、拟薄水铝石、氢氧化铝、硝酸铝中的一种或多种的微米或纳米级粉体。
更优选的,所述钙源粉体包括碳酸钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、醋酸钙中的一种或多种的微米或纳米级粉体。
更优选的,所述钙源粉体与铝源粉体的摩尔比为1:0.35~1。
更优选的,所述增孔剂包括煤焦油、淀粉、沥青粉、石油焦、碳黑、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵中的一种或多种;所述增孔剂用量占所述铝源粉体与所述钙源粉体总重量的5.0~10.0wt%。
优选的,所述液相媒介是由水与乙醇按照体积比为1:0.5~2混合而成的混合溶剂。
优选的,所述水蒸汽与氧气组成的混合气中,所述氧气的含量占所述水蒸汽体积的0~10.0%。
优选的,S3中,所述改性剂包括硝酸铁、硝酸锰、硝酸镍、硝酸钼、硝酸钴、硝酸锌、硝酸银、硝酸铜中的一种或多种,其用量占所述铝酸钙载体前驱体的1.0~5.0wt%。
本发明第二个目的提供一种上述所述的可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法制备的铝酸钙催化剂。
本发明第三个目的提供一种上述所述的铝酸钙催化剂在重质油催化转化反应中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供的一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,本发明方法具有制备条件较温和、周期短、质构特性好等优势。
本发明所提供的制备方法得到铝酸钙催化剂的质构特性相比传统制备方法得到催化剂的更优良,其比表面积从<2.0m2/g提高至40~100m2/g,孔容由0.08cm3/g提高至0.15~0.20cm3/g,磨损指数小于0.7%,应用于减压渣油催化裂解反应过程,所得裂解产物中低碳烯烃选择性可实现在30%~75%范围内可调,且轻质油收率提高6.1~9.6个百分点,轻质油损失小。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备得到的可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂的SEM图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
需要说明的是,下述各实施例中采用试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可在市场上购买得到;所述实验方法中如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
实施例1
一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将纳米碳酸钙与纳米氧化铝以摩尔比例为12:7在以水与乙醇按照体积比为1:0.5混合而成的混合溶剂中搅拌混合均匀,之后加入5.0wt%增孔剂碳黑与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合物,混合均匀,得到混合浆液;
S2、将S1得到的混合浆液,在惰性气体气氛下,以5.0℃/min升温速率由室温升至300℃,并在此温度下保温1.5h后,再以5.0℃/min升温速率升至800℃,随后以1.0℃/min升温速率由800℃升至900℃,使增孔剂缓慢热解生焦与碳酸钙粉体缓慢分解;
随后以5.0℃/min升温速率,继续升温至950℃条件下煅烧4.5h;
然后置于水蒸汽与氧气组成的混合气氛围中进行气化造孔,制得铝酸钙载体前驱体;
S3、将1.0wt%改性剂硝酸锰负载、及S2制得的铝酸钙载体前驱体均匀分散于水与乙醇按照体积比为1:0.5混合而成的混合溶剂中,形成均质浆液后,使改性剂负载于铝酸钙载体前驱体上,经过600℃煅烧2h、喷雾造粒成粒径为120目颗粒、筛分,得到铝酸钙催化剂。
实施例2
一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将纳米碳酸钙与纳米氧化铝以摩尔比例为1:1在以水与乙醇按照体积比为1:1混合而成的混合溶剂中搅拌混合均匀,之后加入5.0wt%增孔剂碳黑与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合物,混合均匀,得到混合浆液;
S2、将S1得到的混合浆液,在惰性气体气氛下,以5.0℃/min升温速率由室温升至300℃,并在此温度下保温1.5h后,再以5.0℃/min升温速率升至800℃,随后以1.0℃/min升温速率由800℃升至900℃,使增孔剂缓慢热解生焦与碳酸钙粉体缓慢分解;
随后以5.0℃/min升温速率,继续升温至950℃条件下煅烧4.5h;
然后置于水蒸汽与氧气组成的混合气氛围中进行气化造孔,制得铝酸钙载体前驱体;其中,所述氧气的含量占所述水蒸汽体积的10%;
S3、将2.0wt%改性剂硝酸钼、及S2制得的铝酸钙载体前驱体均匀分散于水与乙醇按照体积比为1:1混合而成的混合溶剂中,形成均质浆液后,使改性剂负载于铝酸钙载体前驱体上,经过600℃煅烧2h、喷雾造粒成粒径为150目颗粒、筛分,得到铝酸钙催化剂。
实施例3
一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将纳米碳酸钙与纳米氧化铝以摩尔比例为3:1在以水与乙醇按照体积比为1:2混合而成的混合溶剂中搅拌混合均匀,之后加入5.0wt%增孔剂碳黑与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合物,混合均匀,得到混合浆液;
S2、将S1得到的混合浆液,在惰性气体气氛下,以5.0℃/min升温速率由室温升至300℃,并在此温度下保温1.5h后,再以5.0℃/min升温速率升至800℃,随后以1.0℃/min升温速率由800℃升至900℃,使增孔剂缓慢热解生焦与碳酸钙粉体缓慢分解;
随后以5.0℃/min升温速率,继续升温至950℃条件下煅烧4.5h;
然后置于水蒸汽与氧气组成的混合气氛围中进行气化造孔,制得铝酸钙载体前驱体;其中,所述氧气的含量占所述水蒸汽体积的8%;
S3、将3.0wt%改性剂硝酸铁、及S2制得的铝酸钙载体前驱体均匀分散于水与乙醇按照体积比为1:2混合而成的混合溶剂中,形成均质浆液后,使改性剂负载于铝酸钙载体前驱体上,经过600℃煅烧2h、喷雾造粒成粒径为180目颗粒、筛分,得到铝酸钙催化剂。
实施例4
一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将纳米碳酸钙与纳米氧化铝以摩尔比例为12:7在以水与乙醇按照体积比为1:1混合而成的混合溶剂中搅拌混合均匀,之后加入10.0wt%增孔剂碳黑与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合物,混合均匀,得到混合浆液;
S2、将S1得到的混合浆液,在惰性气体气氛下,以5.0℃/min升温速率由室温升至300℃,并在此温度下保温1.5h后,再以5.0℃/min升温速率升至800℃,随后以1.0℃/min升温速率由800℃升至900℃,使增孔剂缓慢热解生焦与碳酸钙粉体缓慢分解;
随后以5.0℃/min升温速率,继续升温至1000℃条件下煅烧4.0h;
然后置于水蒸汽氛围中进行气化造孔,制得铝酸钙载体前驱体;其中,所述氧气的含量占所述水蒸汽体积的5%;
S3、将4.0wt%改性剂硝酸铜、及S2制得的铝酸钙载体前驱体均匀分散于水与乙醇按照体积比为1:1混合而成的混合溶剂中,形成均质浆液后,使改性剂负载于铝酸钙载体前驱体上,经过600℃煅烧2h、喷雾造粒成粒径为200目颗粒、筛分,得到铝酸钙催化剂。
实施例5
一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将纳米碳酸钙与纳米氧化铝以摩尔比例为12:7在以水与乙醇按照体积比为1:0.5混合而成的混合溶剂中搅拌混合均匀,之后加入8.0wt%增孔剂碳黑与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合物,混合均匀,得到混合浆液;
S2、将S1得到的混合浆液,在惰性气体气氛下,以5.0℃/min升温速率由室温升至300℃,并在此温度下保温1.5h后,再以5.0℃/min升温速率升至800℃,随后以1.0℃/min升温速率由800℃升至900℃,使增孔剂缓慢热解生焦与碳酸钙粉体缓慢分解;
随后以5.0℃/min升温速率,继续升温至1000℃条件下煅烧4.5h;
然后置于水蒸汽与氧气组成的混合气氛围中进行气化造孔,制得铝酸钙载体前驱体;其中,所述氧气的含量占所述水蒸汽体积的10%;
S3、将5.0wt%改性剂硝酸镍、及S2制得的铝酸钙载体前驱体均匀分散于水与乙醇按照体积比为1:0.5混合而成的混合溶剂中,形成均质浆液后,使改性剂负载于铝酸钙载体前驱体上,经过600℃煅烧2h、喷雾造粒成粒径为150目颗粒、筛分,得到铝酸钙催化剂。
为了说明本发明实施例1~5制备得到的铝酸钙催化剂性能效果,对仅对实施例1提供的铝酸钙催化剂进行扫描电镜表征,见图1。
图1是实施例1制备得到的可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂的SEM图。从图1中可知,
对实施例1~5制备得到的铝酸钙催化剂的比表面积、孔容、比重以及磨损指数等进行测试,利用传统固相合成的制备方法得到的铝酸钙催化剂作为对照组;见表1。
另外,为了说明实施例1~5制备得到的铝酸钙催化剂在重质油催化转化反应中的应用的效果,将制备的铝酸钙催化剂在小型流化床反应器内,采用反应温度650℃、停留时间0.3s、剂油质量比10条件下进行减压渣油催化裂解反应,反应过程中其减压渣油碱性裂解产物中低碳烯烃选择性效果,见表1。
表1实施例1~5制备得到的铝酸钙催化剂性能参数
从表1中可知,本发明提供的制备方法所制备铝酸钙催化剂的质构特性比传统制备方法得到的催化剂更优良,比表面积<2.0m2/g提高至40~100m2/g,孔容由0.08cm3/g提高至0.15~0.20cm3/g,磨损指数小于0.7%。
将实施例1~5制备得到的铝酸钙催化剂应用于减压渣油催化裂解反应过程中,所得裂解产物中低碳烯烃选择性可实现在30%~75%范围内可调,且轻质油收率提高6.1~9.6个百分点,轻质油损失小。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以,所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (10)
1.一种可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将铝源粉体、钙源粉体、增孔剂均匀分散于液相媒介中,得到混合浆液;
S2、将S1得到的混合浆液,在惰性气体气氛下,先以5.0℃/min升温速率由室温升至300℃,保温1~2h后,继续升温至800℃,并保温1~2h,再以1.0℃/min升温速率由800℃升至900~1200℃煅烧2~8h,然后置于水蒸汽与氧气组成的混合气氛围中进行气化造孔,制得铝酸钙载体前驱体;
S3、将改性剂、及S2制得的铝酸钙载体前驱体均匀分散于所述液相媒介中,形成均质浆液后,经80℃条件下干燥3~5h,再在500~700℃焙烧2~7h,即得铝酸钙催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述铝源粉体包括氧化铝、拟薄水铝石、氢氧化铝、硝酸铝中的一种或多种的纳米级粉体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述钙源粉体包括碳酸钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、醋酸钙中的一种或多种的纳米级粉体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述钙源粉体与铝源粉体的摩尔比为1:0.35~1。
5.根据权利要求4所述的可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述增孔剂包括煤焦油、淀粉、沥青粉、石油焦、碳黑、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵中的一种或多种;所述增孔剂用量占所述铝源粉体与所述钙源粉体总重量的5.0~10.0wt%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述液相媒介是由水与乙醇按照体积比为1:0.5~2混合而成的混合溶剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述水蒸汽与氧气组成的混合气中,所述氧气的含量占所述水蒸汽体积的0~10%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,S3中,所述改性剂包括硝酸铁、硝酸锰、硝酸镍、硝酸钼、硝酸钴、硝酸锌、硝酸银、硝酸铜中的一种或多种,其用量占所述铝酸钙载体前驱体的1.0~5.0wt%。
9.一种权利要求1~8任一项所述的可调控烯烃选择性的铝酸钙催化剂制备方法制备的铝酸钙催化剂。
10.一种权利要求9所述的铝酸钙催化剂在重质油催化转化反应中的应用。
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