CN111745970A - Post-processing method of 3D printed piece - Google Patents
Post-processing method of 3D printed piece Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111745970A CN111745970A CN202010645577.3A CN202010645577A CN111745970A CN 111745970 A CN111745970 A CN 111745970A CN 202010645577 A CN202010645577 A CN 202010645577A CN 111745970 A CN111745970 A CN 111745970A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- spraying
- parts
- post
- holes
- processing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/379—Handling of additively manufactured objects, e.g. using robots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
- B05B1/262—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/16—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/32—Shielding elements, i.e. elements preventing overspray from reaching areas other than the object to be sprayed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
- B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
- B05B13/0221—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work characterised by the means for moving or conveying the objects or other work, e.g. conveyor belts
- B05B13/0228—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work characterised by the means for moving or conveying the objects or other work, e.g. conveyor belts the movement of the objects being rotative
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B14/00—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
- B05B14/40—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B16/00—Spray booths
- B05B16/20—Arrangements for spraying in combination with other operations, e.g. drying; Arrangements enabling a combination of spraying operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
Abstract
The invention discloses a post-processing method of a 3D printed piece, which comprises the following steps: A. preparing a spraying solution; mixing 15-25 parts of carbon nano tube, 5-10 parts of polyacrylate, 3-5 parts of terpineol, 6-10 parts of polyethylene glycol and 80-100 parts of bromobenzene, heating to 50-60 ℃, and continuously stirring for 20-30 min; B. injecting the spraying solution into a spraying device, placing the 3D printing piece to be processed into the spraying device, uniformly spraying the spraying solution on the surface of the 3D printing piece by using the spraying device, and performing irradiation heating while spraying. The invention can improve the defects of the prior art, is convenient to operate, and can effectively improve the surface smoothness and the structural strength of the 3D printed piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a post-processing method of a 3D printed piece.
Background
3D printing is a rapid prototyping technique that utilizes bondable materials such as plastics, metals, inorganic non-metallic materials, etc. to construct parts by a layer-by-layer printing method based on digital analog files. Currently, in the prior art, the conventional mature rapid prototyping processes include three-dimensional lithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Digital Light Processing (DLP), fuse fabrication (FFF), and the like, and although rapid prototypes manufactured by SLA and SLS have good precision and surface roughness, the rapid prototyping processes manufactured by SLA and SLS have low strength and high prices of machines and materials. Therefore, for product parts with high quality requirements, a secondary double-molding method is often adopted. FDM is widely used because of its low cost, good strength, non-toxic gas, and non-chemical contamination. FDM adopts a computer to control a spray head to do horizontal movement, heated thermoplastic materials are extruded from the spray head, a layer of thin sheet profile section is rapidly formed on a forming chamber workbench with the temperature lower than the melting point of the materials, then the workbench descends by a certain height (namely layer thickness), the spray head continues to extrude the thermoplastic materials, and the materials are stacked layer by layer and finally stacked into a three-dimensional product part. However, in view of the FDM forming process, the formed part has the following errors: 1. obvious stacking traces between layers. 2. Manufacturing tolerances during the build up process. 3. The structural strength is poor. Therefore, there is a need to improve the performance of workpieces through post-treatment processes. In the existing post-treatment process of the 3D printed piece, equipment for shot blasting treatment and secondary processing of a numerical control machine tool is complex, steps are complex, resin surface spraying only improves appearance, and structural strength cannot be remarkably improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a post-processing method of a 3D printed piece, which can overcome the defects of the prior art, is convenient to operate and can effectively improve the surface smoothness and the structural strength of the 3D printed piece.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
A method of post-processing a 3D print, comprising the steps of:
A. preparing a spraying solution;
mixing 15-25 parts of carbon nano tube, 5-10 parts of polyacrylate, 3-5 parts of terpineol, 6-10 parts of polyethylene glycol and 80-100 parts of bromobenzene, heating to 50-60 ℃, and continuously stirring for 20-30 min;
B. injecting the spraying solution into a spraying device, placing the 3D printing piece to be processed into the spraying device, uniformly spraying the spraying solution on the surface of the 3D printing piece by using the spraying device, and performing irradiation heating while spraying.
Preferably, in step a, 20 parts of carbon nanotubes, 6 parts of polyacrylate, 5 parts of terpineol, 7 parts of polyethylene glycol and 100 parts of bromobenzene are mixed, heated to 50 ℃, and continuously stirred for 30 min.
Preferably, in the step B, the spraying thickness of the spraying solution on the surface of the 3D printing piece is 100-150 μm.
Preferably, the spraying device comprises a shell, a rotary tray is installed in the shell and is driven to rotate by a motor, a spraying head is installed on one side of the shell through a first air cylinder, two baffles are symmetrically installed on the other side of the shell through a second air cylinder, a plurality of air exhaust holes are formed in the inner sides of the baffles and are connected with an air exhaust pipe, an irradiation heater is installed between the two baffles, and the spraying head is connected with a storage tank.
Preferably, the spraying head comprises two rows of symmetrically arranged through holes, notches are formed in the outer side edges of the through holes, an arc-shaped guide plate is fixed to the outer side of each through hole, a plurality of parallel guide through grooves are formed in the arc-shaped guide plate, and a metal screen plate is fixed between the two rows of through holes.
Preferably, a groove is arranged in the middle of the notch, and the depth of the groove is gradually increased from one end close to the through hole to one end far away from the through hole.
Adopt the beneficial effect that above-mentioned technical scheme brought to lie in: according to the invention, the carbon nano tube is adopted to carry out surface post-treatment on the 3D printing workpiece, the operation is simple and convenient, and the surface smoothness and the structural strength after treatment are both obviously improved. The invention adopts a mode of synchronously spraying and drying, and can effectively improve the drying uniformity and speed of the coating. For this purpose, the invention is specially designed for a re-use spray coating device. The spraying device adopts a structure that the spraying and the drying are oppositely arranged, and realizes the spraying and the drying in the rotation process of the workpiece. Solution passes through the through-hole blowout, and the breach in the through-hole outside can increase the jet output in the through-hole outside to under the guide effect of arc guide plate and the suction effect in hole of airing exhaust, realize the spraying to the work piece side direction, metal mesh plate is arranged in improving the degree of consistency that the positive spraying in-process solution of work piece distributes, through the mode of "side direction spraying + front spraying", can effectively improve the spraying scope, improves the spraying degree of consistency. The baffle is used for stopping and collecting the solution liquid drops which float outwards and is collected in time through the air exhaust hole, so that the irradiation heater is prevented from being polluted by the spraying solution. The groove in the middle of the notch can enlarge the angle range of the lateral spraying of the solution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural view of a coating apparatus of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a top view of the spray head of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a housing; 2. rotating the tray; 3. a motor; 4. a first cylinder; 5. a spray head; 6. a second cylinder; 7. a baffle plate; 8. an air exhaust hole; 9. an exhaust duct; 10. irradiating the heater; 11. a through hole; 12. a notch; 13. an arc-shaped guide plate; 14. a flow guide through groove; 15. a metal mesh plate; 16. a groove; 17. flaring; 18. a material storage tank.
Detailed Description
One embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of:
A. preparing a spraying solution;
mixing 20 parts of carbon nano tube, 6 parts of polyacrylate, 5 parts of terpineol, 7 parts of polyethylene glycol and 100 parts of bromobenzene, heating to 50 ℃, and continuously stirring for 30 min;
B. injecting a spraying solution into a spraying device, placing a 3D printing piece to be processed into the spraying device, uniformly spraying the spraying solution on the surface of the 3D printing piece by using the spraying device, and performing irradiation heating while spraying; the spraying thickness of the spraying solution on the surface of the 3D printing piece is 100-150 mu m.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the spraying device comprises a casing 1, a rotary tray 2 is installed in the casing 1, the rotary tray 2 is driven to rotate by a motor 3, a spraying head 5 is installed on one side of the casing 1 through a first cylinder 4, two baffles 7 are symmetrically installed on the other side of the casing 1 through a second cylinder 6, a plurality of air exhaust holes 8 are formed in the inner sides of the baffles 7, the air exhaust holes 8 are connected with an air exhaust pipe 9, an irradiation heater 10 is installed between the two baffles 7, and the spraying head 5 is connected with a material storage tank 18. The spraying head 5 comprises two rows of symmetrically arranged through holes 11, notches 12 are formed in the outer side edges of the through holes 11, arc-shaped guide plates 13 are fixed to the outer sides of the through holes 11, a plurality of parallel guide through grooves 14 are formed in the arc-shaped guide plates 13, and a metal screen plate 15 is fixed between the two rows of through holes 11. A groove 16 is arranged in the middle of the notch 12, and the depth of the groove 16 is gradually increased from one end close to the through hole 11 to one end far away from the through hole 11.
In addition, the outlet end of the diversion through groove 14 is provided with a flaring 17, and the thickness of the flaring 17 is smaller than that of the diversion through groove 14. After the spraying solution passes through the notch 12 and the spraying angle is enlarged, the width of the flow guide groove 14 can be fully utilized, and sufficient spraying flow speed is generated at the flaring 17, so that the coverage area of the lateral spraying of the workpiece is further increased.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A post-processing method of a 3D printed matter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. preparing a spraying solution;
mixing 15-25 parts of carbon nano tube, 5-10 parts of polyacrylate, 3-5 parts of terpineol, 6-10 parts of polyethylene glycol and 80-100 parts of bromobenzene, heating to 50-60 ℃, and continuously stirring for 20-30 min;
B. injecting the spraying solution into a spraying device, placing the 3D printing piece to be processed into the spraying device, uniformly spraying the spraying solution on the surface of the 3D printing piece by using the spraying device, and performing irradiation heating while spraying.
2. A method of post-processing of a 3D print according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A, 20 parts of carbon nano tube, 6 parts of polyacrylate, 5 parts of terpineol, 7 parts of polyethylene glycol and 100 parts of bromobenzene are mixed, heated to 50 ℃ and continuously stirred for 30 min.
3. A method of post-processing of a 3D print according to claim 2, characterized in that: and in the step B, the spraying thickness of the spraying solution on the surface of the 3D printing piece is 100-150 mu m.
4. A method of post-processing of a 3D print according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the spraying device comprises a machine shell (1), a rotary tray (2) is installed in the machine shell (1), the rotary tray (2) is driven to rotate through a motor (3), a spraying head (5) is installed on one side of the machine shell (1) through a first air cylinder (4), two baffles (7) are installed on the other side of the machine shell (1) through a second air cylinder (6) in a symmetrical mode, a plurality of air exhaust holes (8) are formed in the inner sides of the baffles (7), the air exhaust holes (8) are connected with an air exhaust pipe (9), an irradiation heater (10) is installed between the two baffles (7), and the spraying head (5) is connected with a storage tank (18).
5. A method of post-processing of a 3D print according to claim 4, characterized in that: the spraying head (5) comprises two rows of symmetrically arranged through holes (11), notches (12) are formed in the outer side edges of the through holes (11), arc-shaped guide plates (13) are fixed to the outer sides of the through holes (11), a plurality of parallel flow guide through grooves (14) are formed in the arc-shaped guide plates (13), and a metal screen plate (15) is fixed between the two rows of through holes (11).
6. A method of post-processing of a 3D print according to claim 5, characterized in that: a groove (16) is arranged in the middle of the notch (12), and the depth of the groove (16) is gradually increased from one end close to the through hole (11) to one end far away from the through hole (11).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010645577.3A CN111745970B (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2020-07-07 | Post-processing method of 3D printed piece |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010645577.3A CN111745970B (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2020-07-07 | Post-processing method of 3D printed piece |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111745970A true CN111745970A (en) | 2020-10-09 |
| CN111745970B CN111745970B (en) | 2022-03-25 |
Family
ID=72679861
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010645577.3A Active CN111745970B (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2020-07-07 | Post-processing method of 3D printed piece |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111745970B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115091754A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-23 | 北华航天工业学院 | Printing platform adjusting device of three-dimensional printer |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205148928U (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-04-13 | 绍兴文理学院元培学院 | 3D prints product surface treatment system |
| CN106032064A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-10-19 | 樱方(上海)智能科技有限公司 | 3D printing post-treatment technology based on FDM technology |
| CN107627609A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-01-26 | 广州形优科技有限公司 | Process of surface treatment |
| CN108995218A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-14 | 四川大学 | 3D printing part post-processing approach |
| CN110039784A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-23 | 张俊强 | A kind of 3D printing workpiece post-processing approach |
| CN110920061A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-27 | 三纬国际立体列印科技股份有限公司 | 3D prints finished product aftertreatment device |
-
2020
- 2020-07-07 CN CN202010645577.3A patent/CN111745970B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106032064A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-10-19 | 樱方(上海)智能科技有限公司 | 3D printing post-treatment technology based on FDM technology |
| CN205148928U (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-04-13 | 绍兴文理学院元培学院 | 3D prints product surface treatment system |
| CN107627609A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-01-26 | 广州形优科技有限公司 | Process of surface treatment |
| CN108995218A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-14 | 四川大学 | 3D printing part post-processing approach |
| CN110920061A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-27 | 三纬国际立体列印科技股份有限公司 | 3D prints finished product aftertreatment device |
| CN110039784A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-23 | 张俊强 | A kind of 3D printing workpiece post-processing approach |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115091754A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-23 | 北华航天工业学院 | Printing platform adjusting device of three-dimensional printer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111745970B (en) | 2022-03-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN206392864U (en) | A kind of double-pole two-way powder laying device for selective laser melting unit | |
| CN204431743U (en) | The 3D printer that a kind of continuous fiber composite molten is piled up | |
| KR101479900B1 (en) | 3Ｄ printing apparatus and 3Ｄ printing method and manufacturing method for unit of breakwater structure | |
| CN109732899B (en) | Polymer matrix composite high-resolution 3D printing device and working method thereof | |
| CN109900152B (en) | Support form for heat exchanger tubes and method for producing heat exchanger tubes | |
| CN107471399A (en) | A kind of new pattern laser 3D printer and control method for printing ceramic material | |
| CN104760424B (en) | Multifunctional assembled 3D printing device and multifunctional assembled 3D printing method | |
| TW201632345A (en) | High speed flexible 3D freeform techniques | |
| TWI596000B (en) | Three-dimensional printing apparatus and printing head module | |
| CN105499578B (en) | A kind of compression casting polar coordinates 3D printing apparatus and method for | |
| CN111745970B (en) | Post-processing method of 3D printed piece | |
| CN112895441B (en) | 3D printing device and method for integrally manufacturing continuous functional gradient material and structure | |
| CN101328599A (en) | Numerical control selected area electrochemical deposition rapid forming method and apparatus | |
| CN103978691A (en) | 3D (Three-Dimensional) printer based on rotation and continuous extrusion of threaded rod | |
| CN106271486A (en) | Mould manufacturing method | |
| CN103231055A (en) | Differential laser three-dimensional (3D) metal piece printing method | |
| CN112317746B (en) | Molding method of EBSM equipment based on follow-up powder cylinder | |
| CN106273509A (en) | The material squash type 3D printer of vibration moulding | |
| KR101467978B1 (en) | Powder injection mold and method of injedtion molding therof | |
| CN205341922U (en) | Quick shaping polar coordinates 3D printing apparatus of metal melting | |
| CN201232091Y (en) | Quick-speed forming device for electrochemical deposition at numerical control selected area | |
| CN108501357A (en) | A kind of tower crane type 3D printing device and method | |
| CN107443738A (en) | Double end polychrome 3D printer | |
| CN208375523U (en) | 3D printing scraping device and its equipment for paste object | |
| CN108480628A (en) | A kind of metal 3D printing forming method and device based on Laminar Plasma Jet |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |