CN111744946A - Method for adjusting proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in petroleum-polluted soil - Google Patents
Method for adjusting proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in petroleum-polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111744946A CN111744946A CN202010631878.0A CN202010631878A CN111744946A CN 111744946 A CN111744946 A CN 111744946A CN 202010631878 A CN202010631878 A CN 202010631878A CN 111744946 A CN111744946 A CN 111744946A
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- soil
- petroleum
- phosphorus
- nitrogen
- carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of soil remediation, and particularly discloses a method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in petroleum-polluted soil. By adopting the scheme of the invention, the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the petroleum polluted soil can be effectively adjusted, and the method is economic and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in petroleum-polluted soil.
Background
Petroleum is a complex mixture containing various hydrocarbons (normal paraffin, branched paraffin, aromatic hydrocarbon and alicyclic hydrocarbon) and a small amount of other organic matters (sulfide, nitride, naphthenic acid and the like), and soil pollution caused by links such as drilling, downhole operation, oil extraction and the like and accidents such as blowout, leakage and the like in the petroleum exploration and development process is one of important problems which are generally concerned at home and abroad, in the 'twelve-five' planning, energy conservation and environmental protection are listed as the first of seven strategic emerging industries, wherein soil remediation is included in the key development of the environmental protection industry.
The pollution of petroleum to the soil is mostly concentrated on the surface layer of 20cm, and petroleum substances enter the soil, so that the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be changed, such as the soil pores are blocked, and the composition and structure of soil organic matters are changed; because partial groups in the petroleum pollutants can be combined with organic matters and some nutrient elements in the soil, such as humus, inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, nitrification, denitrification and phosphorylation in the soil are limited, and further the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the carbon-phosphorus ratio of the organic matters in the soil are changed (high carbon and low nitrogen and phosphorus), so that the fertility of the soil is seriously influenced, the soil fertility is a key factor influencing the growth of plants, the petroleum pollution of the soil directly causes the yield reduction of grains, and even the toxicity of plants growing on the edible polluted soil to human beings and animals is great; meanwhile, the imbalance of the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus has great influence on a microbial flora and a microbial community structure, and the quantity and the activity of microorganisms are influenced. Therefore, effective regulation of the proportion of main elements such as C, N, P in petroleum-contaminated soil is important for the survival and growth of microorganisms and plants in the soil.
Generally, in order to ensure the proportion of main elements such as C, N, P of soil, related compound fertilizers are applied to the soil, but the effect of directly absorbing the fertilizers is not good for the soil polluted by petroleum, the petroleum pollution in the soil is not repaired, the fertilization only wastes the fertilizers, and the C, N, P proportion in the soil is difficult to substantially adjust.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in petroleum-polluted soil, and aims to solve the problems that the effect of directly absorbing fertilizers in the petroleum-polluted soil is poor, and the proportion of C, N, P in the soil is difficult to substantially adjust.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in petroleum polluted soil comprises the following steps:
s1, isolation
Digging an isolation trench with the depth of more than 20cm around the soil polluted by petroleum, and paving an inert plugging material in the isolation trench to form an isolation zone, wherein the height of the isolation zone exceeds the surface of the soil;
s2 fertilizing
After soil is stirred, fertilizer particles are sown into the soil, the fertilizer particles comprise an inner core and a coating layer coated outside the inner core, the inner core is a compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, and the coating layer comprises straw and biochar which are mixed together;
s3, irrigating
A plurality of irrigation openings are formed in the circumferential direction of the isolation belt, stirring assemblies are installed at the irrigation openings, then irrigation water is introduced into the irrigation openings, hydrogen peroxide is introduced into the irrigation water to form mixed liquid, the mixed liquid enters the isolation belt after being stirred by the stirring assemblies when passing through the irrigation openings, and the stirred soil is irrigated;
s4, fertilizing and irrigating again
After completion of step S3, steps S2 and S3 are repeated every two weeks for 5-7 times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the step S1, by arranging the isolation belt, on one hand, the petroleum pollution elements are prevented from permeating to the periphery, and particularly, the pollution of permeability in the irrigation process is reduced, so that the method is more environment-friendly; on the other hand, the irrigation range is convenient to be defined when the soil is treated by subsequent irrigation, the loss of water and fertilizer in the irrigation process is reduced to a certain extent, and the method is more economical. In step S2, the soil is stirred to increase the air permeability of the soil, reduce the hardening of the soil, and facilitate the absorption of the fertilizer for subsequent sowing and irrigation.
2. In step S3, water and hydrogen peroxide solution are mixed and irrigated, the hydrogen peroxide solution oxidizes hydrocarbon compounds in the soil to degrade pollutants, and the partial decomposition product of hydrogen peroxide is O2Oxygen is supplied to aerobic microorganisms in soil, the metabolic activity of the microorganisms is improved, the soil restoration capacity is further improved, irrigation is equivalent to washing and scouring of the soil, under the scouring of a large amount of irrigation water, hydrogen peroxide solution is enabled to permeate into the soil more easily, and O is generated in the oxidation process of hydrogen peroxide and hydrocarbon compounds2And CO2The gas is dissipated outwards in the soil, so that the soil is looser and is easier to react with the hydrogen peroxide solution. In the scheme, the hydrogen peroxide solution is used for oxidizing hydrocarbon compounds in the soil to degrade pollutants, and the degraded product is O2、H2O and CO2Abnormal ringAnd the secondary pollution can not be generated.
Meanwhile, in the irrigation process, the mixed liquid is flushed to fertilizer particles scattered into the soil, the coating layers (the biochar and the straws) have certain water absorption, the biochar and the straws absorb water and then permeate into the compound fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer permeates into the soil under the irrigation effect to provide fertility for the soil, so that the C, N, P proportion in the soil is adjusted. And in order to avoid the compound fertilizer to melt in the presence of water and cause a large amount of losses, the loss of the compound fertilizer is reduced through the coating layer in the scheme, and meanwhile, the coating layer has a certain water absorption and water fixation effect, so that the moisture of the soil can be kept to a certain extent, and the growth of microorganisms is facilitated.
3. The steps of fertilizing and irrigating are repeated, the soil is repaired while fertilizing, the fertility provided by fertilizing further assists in repairing the soil, and the soil is repaired step by step, so that the C, N, P proportion in the soil tends to a normal range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the stirring assembly used in step S3 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a support; 2. screening a screen; 3. a baffle plate; 4. a rotating shaft; 5. a blade; 6. an elastic cord.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and specific embodiments are given.
As shown in figure 1, the method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the petroleum-polluted soil comprises the following steps:
s1, isolation
Digging an isolation ditch with the depth of more than 20cm around the soil polluted by petroleum, and paving an inert plugging material in the isolation ditch to form an isolation belt, wherein the inert plugging material can be clay or slag and other conventional inert materials, and the height of the isolation belt exceeds the soil surface by 20-30 cm.
S2 fertilizing
And digging a well-shaped irrigation ditch on the soil after the soil is stirred. To broadcasting fertilizer granule in the soil, fertilizer granule includes inner core and the cladding at the coating outside the inner core, and the inner core is for being rich in the compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus element, and conventional fertilizer can be chooseed for use to compound fertilizer, and the coating is including mixing straw and biochar together, and concrete course of working is: after the compound fertilizer is granulated, crushing straws and biochar are mixed according to the proportion of 2:1 to form a mixture, adding a binder into the mixture to make the mixture have certain viscosity, mixing the compound fertilizer granules into the mixture to wrap the mixture, and granulating again to form the fertilizer granules.
S3, irrigating
Offer a plurality of irrigation openings in the circumference of median to watering mouthful department installation as shown in figure 1 stirring subassembly, stirring subassembly is including being used for fixing the support 1 in watering mouthful department, and support 1 includes two backup pads, and the lower extreme of backup pad is inserted in soil, makes support 1 fixed. Have the baffle 3 that is used for blocking the watering mouth along vertical sliding connection on the support 1, be fixed with screen cloth 2 on the support 1, screen cloth 2 keeps away from the both sides of the one side of baffle 3 and all rotates and is connected with pivot 4, and according to actual screen cloth 2's size, pivot 4 can set up the multiunit on vertical, and the free end of pivot 4 is to being close to 4 direction slopes of another pivot, and the free end of two pivot 4 slopes in opposite directions promptly. The rotating shaft 4 is uniformly provided with blades 5 along the circumferential direction. An elastic rope 6 is fixed at the upper end of the baffle 3, the elastic rope 6 is wound on the rotating shaft 4, and one end, far away from the baffle 3, of the elastic rope 6 is fixed on the rotating shaft 4. When the support 1 is mounted, the baffle 3 is positioned between the screen 2 and the pouring opening.
Digging a guide channel for guiding irrigation water into the irrigation opening at the irrigation opening, introducing irrigation water into the irrigation opening, wherein the irrigation water flows to the irrigation opening along the guide channel, and the flow of the irrigation water is controlled to be 80m3And introducing hydrogen peroxide solution into the guide grooves at two sides of the guide grooves to form mixed solution, wherein the ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the irrigation water is 1:20-30, and the hydrogen peroxide solution enters the guide grooves and then is primarily mixed with the irrigation water in the flow.
In the initial state, the baffle 3 is positioned at the lower part of the bracket 1, namely the baffle 3 blocks the watering opening, and the elastic rope 6 is in a loose state, namely the elastic rope 6 is not completely wound on the rotating shaft 4. When mixed liquid flows to pivot 4 departments, rivers impulse pivot 4 rotates, pivot 4 rotates in-process elasticity rope 6 and twines completely on pivot 4, and elasticity rope 6 can continue to tighten up according to the elasticity of self, when elasticity rope 6 is not enough to continue to make pivot 4 rotate and tighten up, it has certain backward flow to erode the hindrance that rivers on baffle 3 received baffle 3, and then make pivot 4 have the reversal of certain angle, elasticity rope 6 has certain loosening, the rivers that are close to 3 departments of baffle promptly receive the back and forth swing stirring of pivot 4, pivot 4 drives blade 5 simultaneously and rotates, it mixes to further stirring to advance watering water and hydrogen peroxide solution.
After 8-10 minutes of stopping the watering opening by the baffle 3, then sliding the baffle 3 upwards, opening the watering opening, pulling the rotating shaft 4 to rotate reversely by the elastic rope 6 in the process that the baffle 3 slides upwards, continuing to stir the mixed liquid, enabling the mixed liquid to enter the isolation belt after passing through the screen 2, and enabling the screen 2 to have a certain blocking effect on the mixed liquid, so that the flow rate of the mixed liquid is slowed down to a certain extent by the blocking of the screen 2, and the watering water and the hydrogen peroxide solution are further mixed to a certain extent. After the baffle 3 slides upwards for 3-5 minutes, the baffle 3 slides downwards to block the pouring opening. When baffle 3 blocked the watering mouth, the mixed liquor collides and can't get into in the median on baffle 3, slows down the watering speed, gives the certain infiltration time of mixed liquor that has got into in the median to better wash soil.
In this step, through the setting of stirring subassembly, stir hydrogen peroxide solution and water and mix, compare just directly mix hydrogen peroxide solution and water before the watering, hydrogen peroxide is easily decomposed, needs higher storage condition, and the mixed liquid volume after the mixture is great, difficult preservation, consequently mixes again when the watering in this step, the effect of performance hydrogen peroxide that can be better. In addition, in this step, the time for the baffle 3 to slide is controlled, and the time for the baffle 3 to block the pouring opening is longer than the time for the baffle 3 to open the pouring opening, because: when the irrigation opening is blocked, the hydrogen peroxide solution and the water need to be better mixed, and the time is also left for the infiltration of the irrigation mixed liquid; the time of opening the irrigation opening controls the mixed liquid amount of each irrigation, and avoids that part of hydrogen peroxide solution and water are not completely mixed due to excessive irrigation.
The process of blocking the irrigation opening and opening the irrigation opening by the baffle 3 is one-time irrigation, and the irrigation in the step is completed by 5-8 times. In the actual use process, the sliding of the baffle 3 can be driven by an electric drive or a manual drive.
In the watering process, the fertilizer granule of broadcasting into soil is washed to mixed liquid, the coating (biochar and straw) has certain hydroscopicity, permeate compound fertilizer after biochar and straw absorb water in, compound fertilizer infiltration is in soil under the effect of watering, provide the fertility for soil, and in order to avoid compound fertilizer to meet water and just dissolve and cause a large amount of losses, reduce the loss of compound fertilizer through the coating in this scheme, the coating has certain water absorption solid water effect simultaneously, can keep the moisture of soil to a certain extent after the watering is accomplished, the growth of the microorganism of being more convenient for.
S4, fertilizing and irrigating again
And after the step S3 is finished, repeating the steps S2 and S3 every two weeks for 5-7 times, repeatedly irrigating and washing the soil, fertilizing the soil, supplementing nitrogen and phosphorus elements and promoting the growth of microorganisms in the soil.
The detection experiment was as follows:
selecting a piece of soil polluted by petroleum, equally dividing the soil into three parts, namely No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3, treating the soil No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 according to the steps, wherein the difference is that the ratio of hydrogen peroxide solution to irrigation water in the soil No. 1 is 1:20, the ratio of hydrogen peroxide solution to irrigation water in the soil No. 2 is 1:25, the ratio of hydrogen peroxide solution to irrigation water in the soil No. 3 is 1:30, sampling the soil to detect the ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil after 70 days of treatment, and the detection result (by taking the divisor) is as follows:
carbon nitrogen phosphorus proportion of No. 1 soil: 20:2: 1; carbon nitrogen phosphorus proportion of No. 2 soil: 22:2: 1; carbon nitrogen phosphorus proportion of No. 3 soil: 40:5:2. According to the detection result, the scheme of the application has a good effect on adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the petroleum polluted soil.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in petroleum polluted soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, isolation
Digging an isolation trench with the depth of more than 20cm around the soil polluted by petroleum, and paving an inert plugging material in the isolation trench to form an isolation zone, wherein the height of the isolation zone exceeds the surface of the soil;
s2 fertilizing
After soil is stirred, fertilizer particles are sown into the soil, the fertilizer particles comprise an inner core and a coating layer coated outside the inner core, the inner core is a compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, and the coating layer comprises straw and biochar which are mixed together;
s3, irrigating
A plurality of irrigation openings are formed in the circumferential direction of the isolation belt, stirring assemblies are installed at the irrigation openings, then irrigation water is introduced into the irrigation openings, hydrogen peroxide solution is introduced into the irrigation water to form mixed liquid, the mixed liquid enters the isolation belt after being stirred by the stirring assemblies when passing through the irrigation openings, and the stirred soil is irrigated;
s4, fertilizing and irrigating again
After completion of step S3, steps S2 and S3 are repeated every two weeks for 5-7 times.
2. The method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the petroleum-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the stirring assembly comprises a support fixed at the irrigation opening, a screen is fixed on the support, rotating shafts are rotatably connected to two sides of the screen, the free ends of the rotating shafts incline towards the direction close to the other rotating shaft, and blades are uniformly distributed on the rotating shafts along the circumferential direction; the support is also vertically and slidably connected with a baffle used for blocking the pouring opening, when the support is installed, the baffle is positioned between the screen and the pouring opening, and the baffle slides in a reciprocating manner along the vertical direction in the pouring process.
3. The method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the petroleum-contaminated soil according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: an elastic rope is fixed on the baffle, the elastic rope is wound on the rotating shaft, and one end, far away from the baffle, of the elastic rope is fixed on the rotating shaft.
4. The method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the petroleum-contaminated soil according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the pouring process, the baffle blocks the pouring opening for 8-10 minutes, the baffle slides upwards once, and after the baffle slides upwards for 3-5 minutes, the baffle slides downwards to block the pouring opening.
5. The method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the petroleum-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the irrigation water is 1: 20-30.
6. The method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the petroleum-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, before pouring, a guide groove for guiding the pouring water into the pouring port is dug at the pouring port, and during pouring, a hydrogen peroxide solution is introduced into the guide groove on both sides of the guide groove.
7. The method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the petroleum-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, after the soil is stirred, a well-shaped irrigation ditch is dug in the soil.
8. The method for adjusting the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the petroleum-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the height of the isolation belt exceeds the height of the soil surface by 20-30 cm.
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