CN111742815A - Household gardening nutrient soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Household gardening nutrient soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111742815A CN111742815A CN202010641159.7A CN202010641159A CN111742815A CN 111742815 A CN111742815 A CN 111742815A CN 202010641159 A CN202010641159 A CN 202010641159A CN 111742815 A CN111742815 A CN 111742815A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a household gardening nutrient soil and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-55% of coconut coir, 30-50% of decomposed pine bark particles, 10-20% of peat and 5-15% of perlite; 0-0.5% of wetting agent; 1-5% of controlled release nutrient granules; the preparation method comprises weighing the raw materials in proportion and mixing well. The invention has the advantages that the coconut chaff and the decomposed pine bark particles are used as the main raw materials of the nutrient soil, so that vermiculite harmful to human bodies is avoided being used, and the use amount of peat is effectively reduced; the water, the polyether and the urea are added into the pine bark particles in a proper proportion when the compost is decomposed, so that the decomposition speed of the pine bark is greatly accelerated, and the nitrogen element content of the obtained decomposed pine bark is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nutrient soil for planting vegetables, flowers and various ornamental plants, and particularly relates to household gardening nutrient soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The household gardening utilizes limited spaces such as balconies, terraces, gardens and the like to plant vegetables, flowers and various ornamental plants, can purify indoor air, build a good living environment, cultivate temperament, relieve pressure and the like. Due to space and environmental constraints, growing plants in balconies, terraces, gardens, etc., factors such as nutrient content, structure, specific gravity, and pathogenic origin of the substrate need to be considered. General soil or loam has single structure, low organic content and large specific gravity, contains a large amount of pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs, and has the problems of soil hardening, pest and disease damage and the like when used in household gardening. At present, the household gardening nutrient soil on the market is mainly formed by mixing peat, vermiculite and the like according to a certain proportion. Peat is a non-renewable resource in a short period of time, and the continuous use of peat is limited. The vermiculite contains fine asbestos fiber, can be dispersed in the air for a long time, is easy to enter respiratory tract and is deposited in lung to cause pathological changes. Therefore, there is a need for a new formulation of home gardening nutrient soil that avoids the use of vermiculite and reduces the use of peat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a family gardening nutrient soil and a preparation method thereof, aiming at overcoming the defect that the prior nutrient soil generally adopts non-renewable resources, namely peat, and vermiculite which is potentially harmful to human health in a short period as components.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the household gardening nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-55% of coconut coir, 30-50% of decomposed pine bark particles, 10-20% of peat and 4-15% of perlite; 0-0.5% of wetting agent; 1-5% of controlled release nutrient granules.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can also have the following further specific selection or better selection.
Specifically, the decomposed pine bark is prepared by the following method: selecting pine bark particles, fully mixing the pine bark particles with water, polyether and urea to obtain a mixture, wherein the water content in the mixture is 40-70%, the polyether content is 0.2-0.6% and the urea content is 0.2-1%, piling the mixture into piles, performing compost maturity treatment, turning over once every 1-2 weeks, controlling the composting temperature at 40-70 ℃, and continuing for 6-8 weeks to obtain the pine bark particle compost.
Preferably, the pine bark particles are selected to have a particle size of 0.5-9mm, and the polyether is preferably L64 or F38.
The selected pine bark particles with the particle size of 0.5-9mm are a graded ingredient formed by mixing and grading a plurality of groups of pine bark particles with different particle size ranges, the mass fraction of the pine bark particles with the particle size range of d being more than or equal to 0.5mm and less than 3mm in the total mass of the graded ingredient is 25-60%, the mass fraction of the pine bark particles with the particle size range of d being more than 3mm and less than or equal to 6mm in the total mass of the graded ingredient is 20-50%, and the mass fraction of the pine bark particles with the particle size range of d being more than 6mm and less than or equal to 9mm in the total mass of the graded ingredient is 10-25%.
Specifically, the total mass of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the controlled-release nutrient granules accounts for more than 30% of the total mass of the controlled-release nutrient granules, and the total mass of trace elements in the controlled-release nutrient granules accounts for more than 0.6% of the total mass of the controlled-release nutrient granules.
Specifically, the trace elements include iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron and molybdenum.
It should be noted that the wetting agent is a soil wetting agent commonly used in the art, and the controlled release nutritional granules are commercially available products meeting the content requirements of the above components.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for preparing the family gardening nutrient soil, which comprises the following steps: weighing decomposed pine bark particles, coconut coir, peat, perlite, wetting agent and controlled-release nutrient particles according to the corresponding weight percentage, and mixing and uniformly stirring the weighed raw materials to obtain the fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the coconut chaff and the decomposed pine bark particles are used as main raw materials of the nutrient soil, so that vermiculite harmful to human bodies is avoided, the using amount of peat is effectively reduced, the coconut chaff and the decomposed pine bark particles have good water retention, fertilizer retention, water permeability and air permeability, the decomposed pine bark contains rich organic matters, phosphorus and potassium components and trace elements, and the nutrient soil prepared by using the two raw materials as the main components and mixing a proper amount of peat, wetting agent, perlite and controlled-release nutrient particles has a good effect of planting household gardening plants and flowers;
2) grading the raw materials of the pine bark particles according to different particle size ranges, and then adding water, polyether and urea in a proper proportion during composting and decomposing to greatly accelerate the decomposition speed of the pine bark and obviously improve the nitrogen content in the obtained decomposed pine bark, wherein the polyether is added to enhance the permeation of water into the pine bark, the water is more uniformly and quickly permeated into the pine bark, the water is also permeated with the urea while permeating into the pine bark, the three components interact with each other, the decomposition speed of the pine bark particles can be obviously accelerated, and the production efficiency is obviously improved; the graded pine bark particle raw material has certain air permeability and water retention capacity, ensures higher composting efficiency, has proper integral air permeability and water retention performance after being decomposed, and can be directly used as nutrient soil or mixed with other matrixes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, and the examples are only for explaining the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.
The starting materials used in the following examples are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified, and the methods used or those not specified are all conventional methods.
For avoiding repeated description, the raw materials of the pine bark particles with the particle size of 0.5-9mm selected in the following examples are all graded ingredients mixed by three groups of pine bark particles with different particle size ranges, and specifically are as follows: the mass fraction of the pine bark particles with the particle size range of d being more than or equal to 0.5mm and less than or equal to 3mm in the total mass of the grade ingredient is 40%, the mass fraction of the pine bark particles with the particle size range of d being more than or equal to 3mm and less than or equal to 6mm in the total mass of the grade ingredient is 50%, and the mass fraction of the pine bark particles with the particle size range of d being more than or equal to 6mm in the total mass of the grade ingredient is 10%.
Example 1
The household gardening nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of coconut coir, 49.5% of decomposed pine bark particles, 10% of peat and 5% of perlite; 0.5% of wetting agent; 5 percent of controlled release nutrient granules.
The decomposed pine bark is prepared by the following method: selecting pine bark particles with the particle size of 0.5-9mm, fully mixing the pine bark particles with water, polyether L64 and urea to obtain a mixture, controlling the water content in the mixture to be 60-70%, the polyether content to be 0.5-0.6% and the urea content to be 0.9-1%, piling the mixture, composting and decomposing, turning over once every 1 week, controlling the composting temperature to be 60-70 ℃, and continuing for 6 weeks to obtain the pine bark particle compost.
The preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials in proportion and fully mixing the raw materials to obtain the nutrient soil.
Example 2
The household gardening nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40% of coconut coir, 35% of decomposed pine bark particles, 20% of peat and 4% of perlite; 0% of wetting agent; 1% of controlled release nutrient granules.
The decomposed pine bark is prepared by the following method: selecting pine bark particles with the particle size of 0.5-9mm, fully mixing the pine bark particles with water, polyether L64 and urea to obtain a mixture, controlling the water content in the mixture to be 50-60%, the polyether content to be 0.3-0.4% and the urea content to be 0.4-0.6%, piling the mixture, composting and decomposing, turning over once every 2 weeks, controlling the composting temperature to be 50-60 ℃, and continuing for 7 weeks to obtain the pine bark particle compost.
The preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials in proportion and fully mixing the raw materials to obtain the nutrient soil.
Example 3
The household gardening nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50% of coconut coir, 30% of decomposed pine bark particles, 10% of peat and 5% of perlite; 0.5% of wetting agent; 4.5 percent of controlled release nutrient granules.
The decomposed pine bark is prepared by the following method: selecting pine bark particles with the particle size of 0.5-9mm, fully mixing the pine bark particles with water, polyether L64 and urea to obtain a mixture, controlling the water content in the mixture to be 40-50%, the polyether content to be 0.2-0.3% and the urea content to be 0.2-0.4%, piling the mixture, composting and decomposing, turning over once every 1 week, controlling the composting temperature to be 55-65 ℃, and continuing for 8 weeks to obtain the pine bark particle compost.
The preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials in proportion and fully mixing the raw materials to obtain the nutrient soil.
Comparative example 1
The household gardening nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50% of coconut coir, 30% of decomposed pine bark particles, 10% of peat and 5% of perlite; 0.5% of wetting agent; 4.5 percent of controlled release nutrient granules.
The decomposed pine bark is prepared by the following method: selecting pine bark particles with the particle size of 0.5-9mm, fully mixing the pine bark particles with water and urea to obtain a mixture, controlling the water content in the mixture to be 40-50% and the urea content to be 0.9-1%, piling the mixture, performing compost maturity treatment, turning over once every 1 week, controlling the composting temperature to be 55-65 ℃, and continuing for 8 weeks to obtain the pine bark particle compost.
The preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials in proportion and fully mixing the raw materials to obtain the nutrient soil.
Comparative example 2
The household gardening nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50% of coconut coir, 30% of decomposed pine bark particles, 10% of peat and 5% of perlite; 0.5% of wetting agent; 4.5 percent of controlled release nutrient granules.
The decomposed pine bark is prepared by the following method: selecting pine bark particles with the particle size of 0.5-9mm, fully mixing the pine bark particles with water and polyether L64 to obtain a mixture, controlling the water content in the mixture to be 40-50% and the polyether content to be 0.2-0.3%, piling the mixture, composting and decomposing once every 1 week, controlling the composting temperature to be 55-65 ℃, and continuing for 8 weeks to obtain the pine bark particle compost.
The preparation method of the nutrient soil comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials in proportion and fully mixing the raw materials to obtain the nutrient soil.
Comparative example 3
Common nutrient soil with peat and vermiculite as main components.
The nutrient soil obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are respectively used for planting potted plant zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim, each nutrient soil has three pots, and through observation and comparison, the growth vigor of the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim corresponding to examples 1 to 3 is obviously better than that of the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim corresponding to comparative examples 1 to 3, the average crown breadth of the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim corresponding to examples 1 to 3 is increased by 20.08 percent compared with that of the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim corresponding to comparative examples 1 to 3 at 8 weeks, the average leaf size is increased by 10.42 percent, the average plant height is increased by 3.0 percent, and the difference is obvious. The planting effect of the comparative examples 1 and 2 is inferior to that of the examples, and the main reason is that the decomposition of the pine bark particles which are the main components of the nutrient soil is insufficient due to the lack of urea or polyether components during decomposition.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. The household gardening nutrient soil is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-55% of coconut coir, 30-50% of decomposed pine bark particles, 10-20% of peat and 4-15% of perlite; 0-0.5% of wetting agent; 1-5% of controlled release nutrient granules.
2. The nutrient soil for home gardening according to claim 1, wherein said mature pine bark is prepared by the following method: selecting pine bark particles, fully mixing the pine bark particles with water, polyether and urea to obtain a mixture, wherein the water content in the mixture is 40-70%, the polyether content is 0.2-0.6% and the urea content is 0.2-1%, piling the mixture into piles, performing compost maturity treatment, turning over once every 1-2 weeks, controlling the composting temperature at 40-70 ℃, and continuing for 6-8 weeks to obtain the pine bark particle compost.
3. The nutrient soil for home gardening according to claim 2, wherein said pine bark particles are selected to have a particle size of 0.5-9 mm.
4. The nutrient soil for home gardening according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the total mass of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in said controlled release nutrient granules accounts for more than 30% of the total mass of said controlled release nutrient granules, and the total mass of trace elements in said controlled release nutrient granules accounts for more than 0.6% of the total mass of said controlled release nutrient granules.
5. The nutrient soil for home gardening according to claim 4, wherein said trace elements comprise iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron and molybdenum.
6. A method for preparing a home gardening nutrient soil as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: weighing decomposed pine bark particles, coconut coir, peat, perlite, wetting agent and controlled-release nutrient particles according to the corresponding weight percentage, and mixing and uniformly stirring the weighed raw materials to obtain the fertilizer.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114287315A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-08 | 南京小田网络科技有限公司 | Gardening nutrient soil produced by composting urban domestic sludge |
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CN106358823A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 遵义联谷农业科技有限公司 | Bletilla striata culture medium and preparation method thereof |
CN106588470A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 昭平县科学技术指导站 | Nutritional soil specially for planting potatoes |
CN106748325A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-05-31 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 | A kind of camellia soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
CN107043298A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-15 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | A kind of romaine lettuce plantation fertilizer and romaine lettuce implantation methods |
CN108432599A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-24 | 河南福瑞滋生物科技有限公司 | The cultivation matrix and preparation method and tissue culture method of a kind of HERBA DENDROBII |
CN108617466A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-10-09 | 和县中禾农业科技有限公司 | A kind of vegetable seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114287315A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-08 | 南京小田网络科技有限公司 | Gardening nutrient soil produced by composting urban domestic sludge |
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