CN111742795A

CN111742795A - Prevention and control cultivation method for fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests

Info

Publication number: CN111742795A
Application number: CN202010693966.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张仁慧; 曾坤富; 陈长宏
Original assignee: Guizhou Huiren Ecological Agriculture Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Guizhou Huiren Ecological Agriculture Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-17
Filing date: 2020-07-17
Publication date: 2020-10-09
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-17
Also published as: CN111742795B

Abstract

The scheme discloses a prevention and control cultivation method for fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests in the technical field of vegetable planting, which is different from the prior conventional technology for planting peppers in that: firstly, burying a blind ditch at a position 40-50 CM below the ground surface of a pepper planting field, laying a water conveying pipeline in the blind ditch, and uniformly distributing water conveying holes at the top of the water conveying pipeline; secondly, supplying water to the root of the hot pepper once every 1 to 2 days in sunny days through the water conveying pipeline; water is not supplied in rainy days; in the cloudy day, water is supplied to the root of the hot pepper once every 3 to 7 days through the water conveying pipeline; when water is supplied to the pepper roots, water wets the pepper roots 2/3-3/4. By adopting the prevention and control cultivation method for planting the peppers, the root rot condition of the peppers can be obviously reduced, and the probability of infecting root rot germs of the peppers is further reduced.

Description

Prevention and control cultivation method for fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of fruits and vegetables.

Background

Capsicum, also known as Horn pepper, Long pepper, vegetable pepper, Lantern pepper, etc., is a perennial herb of Capsicum of Solanaceae. The pepper is an important vegetable and seasoning, the seed oil is edible, and the fruit also has the efficacy of expelling parasites and sweating.

In the process of pepper planting, root rot is one of common diseases of pepper, and can occur in each vegetable area, and can occur in open field cultivation and protected field cultivation. The pepper root rot is a typical soil-borne disease, and the pathogen can survive for more than 10 years in soil for a long time. In recent years, with the increase of the planting area of the peppers year by year, the root rot of the peppers is aggravated year by year due to the reasons of continuous cropping and crop rotation in the year, more viscous soil, larger temperature change and the like, so that the yield of the peppers is reduced, the quality of the peppers is reduced, the yield of the peppers is reduced by about 10% for light people, and the yield is reduced by 20-30% for heavy people and is increased to more than 50%. Therefore, the pepper root rot becomes one of the limiting factors of the sustainable development of pepper production in China.

The pepper root rot pathogen overwinter in disease residues, soil and manure as mycelium and chlamydospore, and is mainly spread by moving on the diseased soil, applying manure with bacteria, rainwater, irrigation water flow and the like. Pathogenic bacteria invade from the wound at the root and stem base of the pepper, are harmful to cortical cells and then enter vascular bundle tissues. After the disease occurs, conidia are generated in the diseased part, and then the disease is re-infected by rainwater back-splash and running water propagation. The root system of the pepper is shallow, and the pepper root rot is easily caused by high temperature and high humidity, so that the occurrence and spread of the root rot are facilitated. Usually, the disease can be developed at the temperature of between 10 and 35 ℃, but the optimum temperature is between 25 and 30 ℃, the root rot of the pepper is more serious when the humidity is higher, and the disease is rapidly spread when the humidity is more than 80 percent. In southwest areas, particularly Guizhou, the rain season is generally in summer, the rain quantity is abundant in summer, and the temperature is generally between 28 ℃ and 32 ℃, so that the growth of the capsicum root rot germs is suitable, and the large-area outbreak of the capsicum root rot is easily caused.

Currently, for pepper root rot, the most common treatment method is to perform hole application or root irrigation on pepper by using 40% flusilazole EC and/or 25% propiconazole EC when pepper is planted. Although the two medicaments have good effects on preventing and treating the pepper root rot, the effect on preventing and treating the pepper root rot can reach about 80 percent by eliminating the influence of external factors; however, after 40% flusilazole EC and/or 25% propiconazole EC are applied for more than two weeks, if external rainwater or fertilizer carries root rot germs, or the pepper is affected by the outside and root rot occurs, the pepper root rot can be erupted again.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a fruit and vegetable disease and insect pest prevention and control cultivation method, which is used for reducing root rot of hot pepper and further reducing the probability of root rot pathogen infection of the hot pepper.

Compared with the prior conventional technology, the method for preventing and controlling the fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests in the scheme has the following difference:

firstly, burying a blind ditch at a position 40-50 CM below the ground surface of a pepper planting field, laying a water conveying pipeline in the blind ditch, and uniformly distributing water conveying holes at the top of the water conveying pipeline;

secondly, supplying water to the root of the hot pepper once every 1 to 2 days in sunny days through the water conveying pipeline; water is not supplied in rainy days; in the cloudy day, water is supplied to the root of the hot pepper once every 3 to 7 days through the water conveying pipeline; when water is supplied to the pepper roots, water wets the pepper roots 2/3-3/4.

The beneficial effect of this scheme: according to the scheme, the blind ditch is buried under the ground surface of the pepper planting field, when the water content of the pepper planting field is high, water seeps into the blind ditch, and redundant water is discharged from the blind ditch, so that the situation that the water content of the pepper seed field is not too high is ensured, and the rotten situation of the pepper root is reduced or avoided; thereby reducing the probability of infecting the root rot pathogen. In addition, in the prior art, the pepper is watered through a water pipe or a spraying device, and the pepper is generally soaked to 5-10 CM below the ground surface when being watered; however, in the case of high temperature in summer, the water on the ground surface evaporates faster, so that the roots of the peppers are in a state of severe water shortage, and after the roots of the peppers lack water, the roots are easily damaged, and the risk of infection of germs is increased. If the root of the pepper is completely irrigated, the pepper is easy to rot, and the pepper is easy to be invaded by root rot germs. According to the scheme, water is supplied to the root of the hot pepper once every 1-2 days through the water delivery pipeline in a sunny day; water is not supplied in rainy days; in cloudy days, supplying water to the root of the hot pepper once every 3 to 7 days through the water conveying pipeline; when water is supplied to the pepper roots, the pepper roots are preferably 2/3-3/4 wetted by water. Because the water is applied to the pepper from the bottommost end of the pepper root, when the water is applied excessively, the water can quickly seep into the blind ditch and be reserved, and the occurrence of rotten pepper roots is avoided. And moisture is stained with hot pepper root 2/3 ~ 3/4 when watering, and the earth's surface is in relatively dry state, can make the moisture of below upwards move, has avoided hot pepper root soil water content excessive condition to take place, ensures simultaneously that the root of hot pepper has kept the moisture that suits its growth throughout, helps the healthy growth of hot pepper on the one hand, can show the condition of avoiding hot pepper rotten root to take place simultaneously to reduce the probability that hot pepper infects root rot germ. In addition, when the pepper root rot is serious, the medicaments can be conveyed through the water conveying pipeline, and then the pepper planting field is sterilized.

Further, when the pepper is planted, the pepper is subjected to root irrigation by using a sterilization medicament; the sterilizing medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15 to 30 percent of Ouzi, 25 to 40 percent of pleocidin and 30 to 50 percent of lime sulphur. The influence of external factors is eliminated, the sterilization medicine in the scheme is mixed with water to obtain liquid medicine, then the pepper is irrigated to roots, and the control effect on pepper root rot can reach 85% -90%.

Further, when the root of the hot pepper is irrigated by using a sterilization medicament; the sterilizing medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15 to 20 percent of Ouzi, 25 to 35 percent of pleocidin and 40 to 50 percent of lime sulphur. When the pepper is planted in a field, the soil contains more other germs and pests besides root rot germs, and the sterilizing drugs are prepared according to the proportion of 15-20% of Europe, 25-35% of pleocidin and 40-50% of lime sulphur, so that the germs and the pests in a larger range can be inhibited or killed, the normal growth of the pepper is ensured, the disease resistance of the pepper is improved, and the resistance of the pepper to the root rot germs is enhanced.

Further, when the pepper has root rot, the sterilization medicine is used for treating the pepper. After the pepper has root rot, treating the pepper root rot through 40% of flusilazole EC and 25% of propiconazole EC, wherein the cure rate of the pepper root rot is generally 65-70%; when the sterilization medicine in the scheme is adopted to treat the root rot of the hot pepper, the cure rate can reach about 80%.

Further, when the sterilization medicine is used for treating the pepper root rot, the sterilization medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25 to 30 percent of Ouzi, 35 to 40 percent of pleocidin and 30 to 40 percent of lime sulphur. The sterilization medicine is prepared by 25-30% of Europe, 35-40% of pleocidin and 30-40% of lime sulphur, and can achieve better killing effect on the root rot germs of the peppers.

Further, the usage amount of the sterilization medicine is 110 g/mu to 130 g/mu. The sterilization medicine with the dosage is adopted to prevent and treat the pepper root rot, so that a small prevention and treatment effect can be achieved, and the waste of the sterilization medicine can be avoided.

Furthermore, when the peppers are planted, the peppers are positioned right above the water conveying holes. Fix a planting hot pepper directly over the water transmission hole for can maximize from the moisture that the water transmission hole flows out and act on the hot pepper, be favorable to reducing the waste of water resource.

Furthermore, a spray head is arranged at the top of the blind ditch and communicated with the water delivery hole. When water delivery pipeline carries out the water delivery to hot pepper planting ground through the water delivery pore, water receives blockking of french drain wall body, has a large amount of water to flow from the french drain for water supply efficiency is lower. The arrangement of the spray head is beneficial to increasing the water supply area of water flowing out of the water delivery hole to the pepper planting field; simultaneously, because the aperture of shower nozzle is less, earth can only the shutoff shower nozzle be close to the fractional part of surface, flows out in water delivery hole when water flows through the shower nozzle, and the pressure of shower nozzle internal water is great, and under the great pressure effect, the downthehole earth of shutoff at the shower nozzle can be washed out, does not influence the normal water supply of shower nozzle to hot pepper planting ground. In addition, because the water in the water delivery hole acts on the pepper planting field through the spray head, the condition that a large amount of water flows out from the blind ditch is avoided, and the water supply efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a state diagram of pepper planting by the fruit and vegetable disease and pest prevention and control cultivation method.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the hot pepper planting field comprises a hot pepper planting field 1, a blind ditch 2, a spray head 3 and a water delivery pipeline 4.

Example 1: a method for preventing and controlling diseases and pests of fruits and vegetables comprises the following steps:

step one, seedbed preparation: selecting a land block which is leeward and exposed to the sun, good in permeability and light in salt and alkali as a pepper planting field 1, burying blind ditches 2 at positions 40-50 CM below the ground surface of the pepper planting field 1, wherein the distance between the blind ditches 2 is 30-40 CM; a water conveying pipeline 4 is laid in the blind ditch 2, water conveying holes are uniformly distributed at the top of the water conveying pipeline 4, the water conveying holes are communicated with a spray head 3 through the water conveying pipeline 4, the water conveying pipeline 4 penetrates through the blind ditch 2, and the spray head 3 is positioned right above the blind ditch 2; then 3000 kilograms of fully decomposed high-quality farmyard manure or 200 kilograms of high-concentration refined organic fertilizer and 50 kilograms of special nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for high-phosphorus-potassium-content vegetables are applied to 1 mu of pepper planting land to obtain a seedbed;

step two, selecting pepper seedlings: selecting pepper seedlings with the seedling age of 45-50 days, the plant height of 18-25 CM, strong stems, no plant diseases and insect pests, developed root systems, short internodes and large stem thicknesses;

step three, field planting: planting pepper seedlings on a seedbed in the last ten days of April, wherein the planting density is 2800-3000 seedlings/mu, and the pepper seedlings are positioned right above a spray head 3; when the pepper is planted, root irrigation is carried out on the pepper by using a sterilization medicament; the sterilizing medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20% of Ouchuang, 35% of pleocidin and 45% of lime sulphur; the usage amount of the sterilization medicine is 120 g/mu;

step four, water management: in sunny days, water is supplied to the root of the hot pepper once every 1-2 days through the water conveying pipeline 4; water is not supplied in rainy days; in the cloudy day, water is supplied to the root of the hot pepper once every 3 to 7 days through the water conveying pipeline 4; when water is supplied to the pepper roots, 2/3-3/4 of the pepper roots are wetted by water; the temperature is mainly used for water supply in the cloudy day, and the interval time of water supply is correspondingly shortened when the temperature is higher;

step five, fertilizer management: after the pepper grows in a fixed root mode, 6-8 kg of water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of pepper along with water; according to the principle of 'harvesting once and topdressing once', 8-10 kg of water-soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is topdressed with water every mu of time;

step six, root rot prevention and control: when the pepper has root rot, the sterilization medicine is used for treating the pepper, and comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 28 percent of Ouzi, 38 percent of pleocidin and 34 percent of lime sulfur, and the usage amount of the sterilizing medicament is 130 g/mu;

seventhly, preventing and treating other diseases and insect pests: treating according to the current pepper disease and insect pest control method; for example, epidemic diseases: can be sprayed with 800 times of solution of 77.2 percent pulikes aqua or 800 times of solution of 75 percent chlorothalonil wettable powder for prevention and treatment; the control is carried out for 1 time every 7-8 days, and the continuous spraying is carried out for 2-3 times. Aphids: and lO% imidacloprid or 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate wettable powder is selected to be sprayed for prevention and treatment by 2000-3000 times of liquid. Leaf miners: spraying and preventing 20% of latent spot cleaning 1500-2000 times liquid or 10% of latent insect killing 800-1500 times liquid;

step eight, harvesting: and (4) harvesting the hot peppers in time after the hot peppers are mature.

Example 2 differs from example 1 only in that: when the pepper is planted, root irrigation is carried out on the pepper by using a sterilization medicament; the sterilizing medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15% of Ouchuang, 40% of pleocidin and 45% of lime sulphur; the usage amount of the sterilization medicine is 130 g/mu; when preventing and treating root rot, the sterilization medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30 percent of Ouchuang, 35 percent of pleocidin and 35 percent of lime sulfur, and the usage amount of the sterilizing medicament is 110 g/mu.

Example 3 differs from example 1 only in that: when the pepper is planted, root irrigation is carried out on the pepper by using a sterilization medicament; the sterilizing medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 18% of Oldham, 32% of pleocidin and 50% of lime sulphur; the usage amount of the sterilization medicine is 120 g/mu; when preventing and treating root rot, the sterilization medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25% of Ouchuang, 35% of pleocidin and 40% of lime sulphur, and the usage amount of the sterilizing medicament is 120 g/mu.

Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 only in that: the blind ditch 2 and the water pipeline 4 are buried in the hot pepper planting field 1, and the water management is carried out in a conventional mode, namely: supplying water to the pepper planting field 1 once every 1-2 days in sunny days; water is not supplied in rainy days; supplying water to the pepper planting field 1 once every 3-7 days in the shade; when water is supplied to the root of the pepper, the water permeates 5-10 CM below the ground surface where the pepper is planted.

Comparative example 2 differs from comparative example 1 only in that: the sterilization medicine is replaced by 25% propiconazole EC to prevent and treat the root rot; the usage amount of the 25% propiconazole EC is 60-70 g/mu.

Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 only in that: adopt prior art to plant the hot pepper, do not bury blind ditch 2 and conduit 4 underground in hot pepper planting ground 1 inside promptly, water management adopts conventional mode to go on, promptly: supplying water to the pepper planting field 1 once every 1-2 days in sunny days; water is not supplied in rainy days; supplying water to the pepper planting field 1 once every 3-7 days in the shade; when water is supplied to the root of the hot pepper, water permeates to 5-10 CM below the ground surface where the hot pepper is planted; in addition, 40% flusilazole EC is selected to replace a sterilization drug to prevent and treat the root rot; the usage amount of the 40% flusilazole EC is 60-70 g/mu.

Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 only in that: the sterilizing agent comprises only Oldham.

Comparative example 5 differs from example 1 only in that: the sterilization drug contains only spinosad.

Comparative example 6 differs from example 1 only in that: the sterilization drug contains only lime sulphur.

And (3) experimental comparison:

in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6, the capsicum species was Zunjiao II. The method comprises the following steps that the applicant plants peppers in new towns in new cattles and new places in Zunyi City in Guizhou province in 2019 for one mu respectively according to the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-6 (9 groups in total), and the influence of each method on the incidence rate and cure rate of pepper root rot is verified; in order to improve the reliability of the experiment, one mu of land of each group is divided into 4 groups, the groups of 9 groups are arranged poorly, a separation plate is arranged on the pepper planting field 1 between every two groups for separation, and the separation plate is inserted into the ground surface of the pepper planting field 1 to be less than 2 meters. Since the experimental results of the groups in the same group are within 1% and the difference is very small, the results reported in the following table are the average values of the groups in the same group.

Watch 1

Group of	Mean disease percentage (%)	Average cure rate (%)
			Example 1	3.8	99.6
Example 2	4.1	99.7
			Example 3	3.9	99.5
Comparative example 1	6.5	93.3
			Comparative example 2	8.6	83.2
Comparative example 3	12.3	79.5
			Comparative example 4	14.6	50.6
Comparative example 5	15.3	37.8
			Comparative example 6	15.8	49.2

In the first table: the average diseased plant rate (%) ═ survey diseased plant number/survey total plant number 100;

average cure rate (%) ═ number of cured plants/number of investigated plants × 100.

As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 2 in Table I, the way of supplementing water to the roots of the peppers can obviously reduce the probability of infecting the pepper plants with root rot germs, and the main reasons are as follows: in addition, the blind ditch 2 is arranged, so that water infiltrated from the pepper planting field 1 flows away from the blind ditch 2, and root rot germs carried in the water flow away; thereby reducing the probability of infecting root rot germs of pepper plants.

As can be seen from comparative examples 1 and 2: the sterilization medicine in the application is adopted to prevent and treat the pepper root rot, and the prevention and treatment effects are superior to those of 25% propiconazole EC used in the prior art.

From comparative example 3 and example 1 it can be seen that: under the conditions of arranging the blind ditches 2 and the water conveying pipeline 4 and selecting and using sterilization medicines, the prevention effect of the embodiment 1 on the pepper root rot is obviously superior to that of the prior art.

As can be seen from the comparison between the example 1 and the comparative examples 4-6, the single use of the sterilization medicament for preventing and treating the root rot of the chilli is poor in preventing and treating effects.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, except for the medicines and steps for preventing and treating the blind ditch 2, the water pipe 4, the spray head 3, the water delivery hole and the pepper root rot, other steps are the prior art, but the prior art is only used for perfecting the overall process of pepper planting, which is convenient for understanding, and should not be taken as the only limitation of the prior art for pepper planting in the present application.

The method for preventing and controlling the fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests is particularly suitable for preventing and controlling the root rot of the pepper, but also can be used for preventing and controlling other fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. A fruit and vegetable disease and pest prevention and control cultivation method is characterized in that:

2. The prevention and control cultivation method for fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the pepper is planted, root irrigation is carried out on the pepper by using a sterilization medicament; the sterilizing medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15 to 30 percent of Ouzi, 25 to 40 percent of pleocidin and 30 to 50 percent of lime sulphur.

3. The prevention and control cultivation method for fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the root of the pepper is irrigated by using a sterilization medicament; the sterilizing medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15 to 20 percent of Ouzi, 25 to 35 percent of pleocidin and 40 to 50 percent of lime sulphur.

4. The prevention and control cultivation method for fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the pepper has root rot, the sterilization medicine is used for treating the pepper.

5. The prevention and control cultivation method for fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the sterilization medicine is used for treating the pepper root rot, the sterilization medicine comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25 to 30 percent of Ouzi, 35 to 40 percent of pleocidin and 30 to 40 percent of lime sulphur.

6. The prevention and control cultivation method for fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests according to claim 5, characterized in that: the usage amount of the sterilizing medicament is 110 g/mu to 130 g/mu.

7. The method for preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests of the fruits and the vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that: and when the peppers are planted, the peppers are positioned right above the water conveying holes.

8. The prevention and control cultivation method for fruit and vegetable diseases and insect pests according to claim 7, characterized in that: and the top of the blind ditch is provided with a spray head which is communicated with the water delivery hole.