CN111742074A - 涂覆钢基体 - Google Patents

涂覆钢基体 Download PDF

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CN111742074A
CN111742074A CN201880074572.0A CN201880074572A CN111742074A CN 111742074 A CN111742074 A CN 111742074A CN 201880074572 A CN201880074572 A CN 201880074572A CN 111742074 A CN111742074 A CN 111742074A
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蒂·坦·吴
卡洛斯·拉列纳伊兰索
马科斯·佩雷斯罗德里格斯
大卫·诺列加佩雷斯
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Abstract

本发明涉及涂覆钢基体和用于制造所述涂覆钢基体的方法，所述涂覆钢基体包括包含横向尺寸为1μm至60μm的纳米石墨和粘合剂的涂层，其中按重量百分比计，钢基体具有以下组成：0.31％≤C≤1.2％，0.1％≤Si≤1.7％，0.15％≤Mn≤1.1％，P≤0.01％，S≤0.1％，Cr≤1.0％，Ni≤1.0％，Mo≤0.1％，以及在完全任选的基础上，诸如以下的一种或更多种元素：Nb≤0.05％，B≤0.003％，Ti≤0.06％，Cu≤0.1％，Co≤0.1％，N≤0.01％，V≤0.05％，所述组成的剩余部分由铁和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质构成。

Description

涂覆钢基体
本发明涉及涂覆有包含具有特定横向尺寸的纳米石墨和粘合剂的涂层的钢基体、用于制造该涂覆钢基体的方法。其特别好地适合于钢铁工业。
在钢流程生产中，在炼钢步骤之后，以连续铸造来铸造钢。由此获得半成品，例如板坯、小型坯或初轧坯。通常，在再加热炉中在高温下将半成品再加热以溶解在连续铸造期间形成的析出物并且以获得可热加工性。然后对其进行去氧化皮和热轧。然而，在再加热步骤期间，半成品以氧化皮的形式被氧化。通常形成高比例的氧化皮。因此，大量的氧化皮在去氧化皮步骤期间被除去，导致钢产品显著的重量损失。
对于钢工件(基体)的表面在高温下的氧化和脱碳，以及在热处理、锻造、热轧、辊轧成形加热期间的氧化气氛下的表面氧化脱碳的情况，特别是对于在钢工件在热处理中的高温下容易氧化和脱碳的情况，导致碳原子和碳含量减少，并且表面(基体)显微组织的改变导致硬度降低，耐磨性降低和整体使用寿命短，专利申请CN101696328公开了用于钢件的表面的保护涂层，以防止所述表面在高温下氧化和脱碳，并且以改善硬度和耐磨性，并最终增加钢工件的整体使用寿命。
在该专利中，涂层具有以下组成：石墨、水玻璃和表面渗透剂，其中石墨与硅酸钠的体积比为1:3至1:7，表面渗透剂占涂层体积的0.05％至0.15％。然而，用包括25(碳钢)和HT300(铸铁)的低碳钢以及包括32CrMo和Mn13的极高合金钢进行测试。
因此，本发明的目的是提供具有特定钢组成的热钢产品，其中再加热步骤期间由半成品的氧化引起的重量损失显著减少。
这通过提供根据权利要求1所述的涂覆钢基体实现。涂覆钢基体还可以包括根据权利要求2至8所述的任何特征。
本发明还涵盖根据权利要求9至19所述的用于制造涂覆钢基体的方法。
本发明还涵盖根据权利要求20至23所述的用于制造热轧钢产品的方法。
最后，本发明涵盖根据权利要求24所述的热轧钢产品的用途。
为了说明本发明，将特别参照以下附图描述非限制性实例的各种实施方案和试验：
图1示出了根据本发明的涂覆钢基体的实例。
图2示出了根据本发明的一个纳米石墨的实例。
本发明的其他特征和优点将由本发明的以下详细描述变得明显。
本发明涉及包括包含横向尺寸为1μm至60μm的纳米石墨和粘合剂的涂层的涂覆钢基体，其中按重量百分比计，钢基体具有以下组成：
0.31％≤C≤1.2％，
0.1％≤Si≤1.7％，
0.15％≤Mn≤1.1％，
P≤0.01％，
S≤0.1％，
Cr≤0.5％，
Ni≤0.5％，
Mo≤0.1％，
以及在完全任选的基础上，诸如以下的一种或更多种元素：
Nb≤0.05％，
B≤0.003％，
Ti≤0.06％，
Cu≤0.1％，
Co≤0.1％，
N≤0.01％，
V≤0.05％，
所述组成的剩余部分由铁和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质构成。
不希望受任何理论约束，看起来具有上述特定钢组成的钢基体上的包含横向尺寸为1μm至60μm的纳米石墨和粘合剂的涂层起到如同氧化的屏障作用并因此起到如同涂覆钢基体的再加热期间的氧化皮形成的屏障作用。发明人已发现，不仅钢组成，而且涂层的性质在减少热处理期间的钢氧化方面发挥重要作用。
此外，如图1所示，认为在涂层(1)中具有这种特定横向尺寸的纳米石墨片(2)良好地分散在粘合剂(3)中呈曲折路径(4)的形式。因此，看起来氧扩散通过涂层很受限制，使得氧化皮形成显著减少和钢基体重量增加显著。最后，认为使用横向尺寸为1μm至60μm的纳米石墨允许含有大量纳米石墨片的团簇，从而导致各纳米石墨颗粒之间的空间更窄。因此，曲折路径更难以穿过，从而显著减少朝钢基体(5)的氧扩散。
关于钢的化学组成，优选地，C的量为0.31重量％至1.0重量％。
优选地，Mn的量为0.15重量％至0.7重量％。
有利地，Cr的量小于或等于0.3重量％。
优选地，Ni的量小于或等于0.1重量％。
有利地，Mo的量小于或等于0.1％。
图2示出了根据本发明的纳米石墨片的实例。在该实例中，横向尺寸意指纳米片在X轴上的最大长度，厚度意指纳米片在Z轴上的高度。纳米片的宽度在Y轴上示出。
优选地，片的横向尺寸为20μm至55μm并且更优选为30μm至55μm。
优选地，涂层的厚度为10μm至250μm。例如，涂层的厚度为10μm至100μm或100μm至250μm。
有利地，钢基体为板坯、小型坯或初轧坯。
优选地，粘合剂为硅酸钠或者粘合剂包含硫酸铝和添加剂，所述添加剂为氧化铝。在这种情况下，不希望受任何理论约束，看起来根据本发明的涂层更好地粘附在钢基体上使得钢基体得到甚至更多的保护。因此，更加防止了涂层开裂和涂层分离(这使钢基体暴露于氧化)的风险。
优选地，涂层还包含有机金属化合物。例如，有机金属化合物包括二丙二醇单甲醚(CH3OC3H6OC3H6OH)、1,2-乙二醇(HOCH2CH2OH)和2-乙基己酸锰盐(C8H16MnO2)。实际上，不希望受任何理论约束，认为有机金属化合物允许涂层的快速固化，这避免了高温下的干燥步骤。
本发明还涉及用于制造根据本发明的涂覆钢基体的方法，包括相继的以下步骤：
A.提供具有上述钢组成的钢基体，
B.使用水性混合物进行涂层沉积以形成涂层，
C.任选地，将步骤B)中获得的涂覆钢基体干燥。
优选地，在步骤B)中，涂层沉积通过旋涂、喷涂、浸涂或刷涂来进行。
有利地，在步骤B)中，水性混合物包含1g/L至60g/L的纳米石墨和150g/L至250g/L的粘合剂。更优选地，水性混合物包含1g/L至35g/L的纳米石墨。
优选地，在步骤B)中，其中水性混合物包含纳米石墨，所述纳米石墨包含大于95重量％并且有利地99重量％的C。
有利地，在步骤B)中，纳米石墨相对于粘合剂的重量比小于或等于0.3。
优选地，在步骤B)中，水性混合物包含有机金属化合物。更优选地，有机金属化合物的浓度等于或小于0.12重量％。实际上，不希望受任何理论约束，认为该浓度在没有任何固化的情况下或者在室温下固化的情况下允许优化的涂层。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在步骤C)中干燥涂层。不希望受任何理论约束，认为干燥步骤允许涂层粘附性的改善。实际上，由于水蒸发，因此粘合剂变得更粘且更粘稠，从而导致硬化状态。在一个优选的实施方案中，在步骤C)中，干燥在室温或在50℃至150℃，优选80℃至120℃的温度下进行。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，不进行干燥步骤。
优选地，在步骤C)中，当施加干燥时，干燥步骤用热空气来进行。
有利地，在步骤C)中，当施加干燥时，干燥进行持续5分钟至60分钟，例如15分钟至45分钟。
本发明还涉及用于制造热轧钢产品的方法，其包括以下相继的步骤：
I.提供根据本发明的涂覆钢基体，
II.将涂覆钢基体在再加热炉中在750℃至1200℃的温度下再加热，
III.对步骤II)中获得的经再加热的涂覆钢板进行去氧化皮，以及
IV.对经去氧化皮的钢产品进行热轧。
再加热在750℃至1200℃的温度下进行。不希望受任何理论约束，认为高于1200℃，可能在钢基体与涂层之间的界面处形成铁橄榄石。优选地，在步骤II)中，再加热在750℃至900℃或900℃至1200℃的温度下进行。
优选地，在步骤III)中，去氧化皮使用压力下的水来进行。例如，水压力为100巴至150巴。在另一个实施方案中，去氧化皮以机械方式进行，例如通过对氧化皮层进行刮擦或刷光。
用根据本发明的方法，与现有技术相比，获得了具有高重量质量的热轧钢产品。
例如，在热轧之后，可以对热产品进行卷取、冷轧、在退火炉中退火以及也可以对其用金属涂层进行涂覆。
最后，本发明涉及能够由根据本发明的方法获得的热轧钢产品用于制造机动车辆、轨道、线材或弹簧的部件的用途。
现在将以仅用于信息性而进行的试验对本发明进行说明。这些试验不是限制性的。
实施例：
在实施例中，使用以重量百分比计具有以下钢组成的钢基体：
钢 C Mn Si Cu Cr Ti V Mo Ni
1 0.0011 0.098 0.007 0.011 0.016 0.05 0.002 0.001 0.019
2 0.39 0.673 1.593 0.011 0.036 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.014
3 0.901 0.309 0.244 0.017 0.215 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.019
4 0.798 1.310 0.446 0.014 0.097 0.0014 0.0026 0.0018 0.016
试验1被铸造成板坯的形式以及试验2至4被铸造成小型坯的形式。
实施例1：氧化测试
对于试验1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15和17，通过将包含30g/L横向尺寸为35μm至50μm的纳米石墨和粘合剂的水性混合物喷涂到钢上对钢1至钢4进行涂覆。然后，将涂层在100℃下干燥持续30分钟。
然后，在800℃、1000℃和1250℃下将未经涂覆的钢(试验2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16和18)和经涂覆的钢(试验1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15和17)再加热。在再加热之后，对所有试验进行称量。对于每个试验，通过从再加热之前的重量中减去再加热之后的重量来确定Δ重量。然后用下式计算经涂覆的试验的重量增加的百分比：
Figure BDA0002496305280000061
结果在下表1中：
Figure BDA0002496305280000062
*：根据本发明
根据本发明的试验显示出重量增加的百分比的显著增加。实际上，根据本发明的具有特定钢组成的钢基体在再加热步骤期间由于涂层而得到很好保护。

Claims (24)

1.一种涂覆钢基体，包括包含横向尺寸为1μm至60μm的纳米石墨和粘合剂的涂层，其中按重量百分比计，钢基体具有以下组成：
0.31％≤C≤1.2％，
0.1％≤Si≤1.7％，
0.15％≤Mn≤1.1％，
P≤0.01％，
S≤0.1％，
Cr≤1.0％，
Ni≤1.0％，
Mo≤0.1％，
以及在完全任选的基础上，诸如以下的一种或更多种元素：
Nb≤0.05％，
B≤0.003％，
Ti≤0.06％，
Cu≤0.1％，
Co≤0.1％，
N≤0.01％，
V≤0.05％，
所述组成的剩余部分由铁和由加工产生的不可避免的杂质构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆钢基体，其中纳米颗粒的横向尺寸为20μm至55μm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的涂覆钢基体，其中所述纳米颗粒的横向尺寸为30μm至55μm。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的涂覆钢基体，其中所述涂层的厚度为10μm至250μm。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的涂覆钢基体，其中所述钢基体为板坯、小型坯或初轧坯。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的涂覆钢基体，其中所述粘合剂为硅酸钠或者所述粘合剂包含硫酸铝和添加剂，所述添加剂为氧化铝。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的涂覆钢基体，其中所述涂层还包含有机金属化合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的涂覆钢基体，其中所述有机金属化合物包括二丙二醇单甲醚(CH3OC3H6OC3H6OH)、1,2-乙二醇(HOCH2CH2OH)和2-乙基己酸锰盐(C8H16MnO2)。
9.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的涂覆钢基体的方法，包括相继的以下步骤：
A.提供根据权利要求1所述的钢基体，
B.使用水性混合物进行涂层沉积以形成根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的涂层，
C.任选地，将步骤B)中获得的涂覆钢基体干燥。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中在步骤B)中，所述涂层沉积通过旋涂、喷涂、浸涂或刷涂来进行。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其中在步骤B)中，所述水性混合物包含1g/L至60g/L的纳米石墨和150g/L至250g/L的粘合剂。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤B)中，其中所述水性混合物包含纳米石墨，所述纳米石墨包含大于95重量％的C。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中在步骤B)中，所述水性混合物包含纳米石墨，所述纳米石墨包含等于或大于99重量％的量的C。
14.根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤B)中，纳米石墨相对于粘合剂的重量比小于或等于0.3。
15.根据权利要求9至14中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤B)中，所述水性混合物包含有机金属化合物。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中在步骤B)中，所述有机金属化合物的浓度等于或小于0.12重量％。
17.根据权利要求9至16中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤C)中，当施加干燥时，所述干燥在50℃至150℃的温度下或在室温下进行。
18.根据权利要求9至17中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤C)中，当施加干燥时，所述干燥步骤用热空气来进行。
19.根据权利要求9至18中任一项所述的方法，其中在步骤C)中，当施加干燥时，所述干燥进行持续5分钟至60分钟。
20.一种用于制造热轧钢产品的方法，包括以下相继的步骤：
I.提供根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的涂覆钢基体或能够根据权利要求9至19中任一项获得的涂覆钢基体，
II.将所述涂覆钢基体在再加热炉中在750℃至1200℃的温度下再加热，
III.对步骤II)中获得的经再加热的涂覆钢板进行去氧化皮，以及
IV.对经去氧化皮的钢产品进行热轧。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中在步骤II)中，所述再加热在750℃至900℃或900℃至1200℃的温度下进行。
22.根据权利要求20或21所述的方法，其中在步骤III)中，所述去氧化皮使用压力下的水进行或者所述去氧化皮以机械方式进行。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法，其中在步骤III)中，水压力为100巴至150巴。
24.能够由根据权利要求20至23中任一项所述的方法获得的热轧钢产品用于制造机动车辆、轨道、线材或弹簧的部件的用途。
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