CN111739956A - 激光se电池的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种激光SE电池的制备方法,包括激光掺杂和去PSG,还包括液相沉积磷源和热氧化,在激光掺杂之后,先液相沉积磷源,再热氧化,且热氧化在去PSG之前实施。本发明可以使轻掺区的近表面区有更多的活性P原子反应生成PSG,使轻掺区的PSG层增厚,使轻掺区的活性磷原子数目减少,降低轻掺区近表面区的掺杂浓度,而重掺区表面浓度基本不变,达到定向调控轻掺区的目的,从而使电池片表面复合减少,开压提高,电性能更优。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及激光SE电池的制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能光伏发电,由于其清洁、安全、便利及高效等特点,已成为全世界普遍关注和重点发展的新兴产业。近年来晶硅太阳能电池片生产迅速发展,技术不断进步。
当前太阳能技术中,PERC技术生产已经成熟化,为了提升转化率,选择SE技术是各光伏企业的首选。在PERC+SE的技术路线中,轻掺区的作用主要是形成内建电场使电子-空穴对分开,而重掺区则要起到与金属接触的作用,二者对掺杂曲线的要求不同。激光掺杂技术的应用使金属接触部分进一步优化,但激光掺杂能量有限,更高的激光能量在获得更好金属接触的同时,造成的激光损伤使重掺区缺陷数目增加,电性能受到影响。为平衡金属接触与激光损伤带来的电性能增益与损失,轻掺区的掺杂无法进一步降低,制约了电性能上升的空间。
在此基础上,进一步优化选择性发射极的制备过程,使轻掺区的掺杂能进一步降低,对轻掺区的扩散分布进行定向调控显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种激光SE电池的制备方法,其可以使轻掺区的近表面区有更多的活性P原子反应生成PSG,使轻掺区的PSG层增厚,使轻掺区的活性磷原子数目减少,降低轻掺区近表面区的掺杂浓度,而重掺区表面浓度基本不变,达到定向调控轻掺区的目的,从而使电池片表面复合减少,开压提高,电性能更优。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种激光SE电池的制备方法,包括激光掺杂和去PSG,还包括液相沉积磷源和热氧化,在激光掺杂之后,先液相沉积磷源,再热氧化,且热氧化在去PSG之前实施。
优选的,所述液相沉积磷源采用旋涂、喷涂或滚涂。
优选的,所述磷源为磷酸、P2O5或多聚磷酸。
优选的,所述磷源的浓度为0.05~2.5mol/L。
优选的,所述磷源的沉积厚度为0.1~20μm。
优选的,所述热氧化在链式炉或管式炉中实施。
优选的,所述热氧化的氛围为氧气、氮氧混合气或水氧混合气。
优选的,所述热氧化的温度为650~900℃。
优选的,所述热氧化的时间为30s~1h。
优选的,上述激光SE电池的制备方法,其具体步骤包括:
1)硅片正面去除损伤层再制绒;
2)对完成制绒的硅片进行管式扩散;
3)对完成管式扩散的硅片进行激光掺杂,在硅片正面形成重掺区;
4)对完成激光掺杂的硅片进行液相沉积磷源,沉积的磷源覆盖硅片正面;
5)对完成液相沉积的硅片进行热氧化,使轻重掺区重新分布;
6)对完成热氧化的硅片进行去PSG和去边结;
7)对完成去PSG和去边结的硅片进行镀膜,在硅片正面沉积一层起减反射和钝化作用的氮化硅膜;
8)对完成镀膜的硅片进行丝印和烧结,印刷背电极、背电场和正电极,再进行烧结,电极金属化,得到具有选择性发射极的电池片。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于:提供一种激光SE电池的制备方法,其可以使轻掺区的近表面区有更多的活性P原子反应生成PSG,使轻掺区的PSG层增厚,使轻掺区的活性磷原子数目减少,降低轻掺区近表面区的掺杂浓度,而重掺区表面浓度基本不变,达到定向调控轻掺区的目的,从而使电池片表面复合减少,开压提高,电性能更优。
激光掺杂完成后,会在硅片正面形成轻掺区和重掺区,重掺区的PSG层被激光破坏,而轻掺区的PSG层保留。本发明在激光掺杂和去PSG之间增加液相沉积磷源和热氧化,由于轻掺区PSG层的存在,热氧化过程中,液相沉积的磷源扩散,轻掺区的PSG层会起到阻挡作用,会有大量自由P堆积在Si/SiO2界面,在氧气的作用下,自由P反应生成大量的P2O5,并进一步与界面处的Si反应生成PSG,从而使轻掺区的PSG层增厚,轻掺区的活性P原子数目减少,轻掺区出现近表面区掺杂浓度下降的现象;而重掺区由于PSG层被激光破坏,发生的反应与轻掺区扩散过程不一致,因而不会出现明显掺杂变化趋势。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明提供一种激光SE电池的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)硅片正面去除损伤层再制绒;
2)对完成制绒的硅片进行管式扩散;
3)对完成管式扩散的硅片进行激光掺杂,在硅片正面形成重掺区;
4)对完成激光掺杂的硅片进行液相沉积磷源,沉积的磷源覆盖硅片正面;液相沉积磷源采用旋涂、喷涂或滚涂;磷源为磷酸、P2O5或多聚磷酸的有机溶液;磷源的浓度为0.05~2.5mol/L;磷源的沉积厚度为0.1~20μm;
5)对完成液相沉积的硅片进行热氧化,使轻重掺区重新分布;热氧化在链式炉或管式炉中实施,氛围为氧气、氮氧混合气或水氧混合气,温度为650~900℃,时间为30s~1h;
6)对完成热氧化的硅片进行去PSG和去边结;
7)对完成去PSG和去边结的硅片进行镀膜,在硅片正面沉积一层起减反射和钝化作用的氮化硅膜;
8)对完成镀膜的硅片进行丝印和烧结,印刷背电极、背电场和正电极,再进行烧结,电极金属化,得到具有选择性发射极的电池片。
本发明的具体实施例如下:
实施例1
一种激光SE电池的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)硅片正面去除损伤层再制绒;
2)对完成制绒的硅片进行管式扩散,以氮气为携磷气体,三氯氧磷为磷源,扩散温度为750℃,扩散时间为20min;
3)对完成管式扩散的硅片进行激光掺杂,在硅片正面形成重掺区;激光功率为28W,频率为246kHz;
4)对完成激光掺杂的硅片进行液相沉积磷源,沉积的磷源覆盖硅片正面;液相沉积磷源采用旋涂;磷源为磷酸的有机溶液;磷源的浓度为1.0mol/L;磷源的沉积厚度为5μm;
5)对完成液相沉积的硅片进行热氧化,使轻重掺区重新分布;热氧化在链式炉或管式炉中实施,氛围为氧气,温度为650℃,时间为100s;
6)对完成热氧化的硅片进行去PSG和去边结,在0.2wt%浓度HF中反应300s去除PSG和边结;
7)对完成去PSG和去边结的硅片进行镀膜,在硅片正面沉积一层起减反射和钝化作用的氮化硅膜;
8)对完成镀膜的硅片进行丝印和烧结,印刷背电极、背电场和正电极,再进行烧结,电极金属化,得到具有选择性发射极的电池片。
对比例1
在实施例1的基础上,区别仅在于省去步骤4)和步骤5),其他工艺步骤和工艺条件不变。
实施例1所得电池片与对比例1所得电池片的测试对比如表1所示:
表1 实施例1所得电池片与对比例1所得电池片的测试对比
实施例2
一种激光SE电池的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)硅片正面去除损伤层再制绒;
2)对完成制绒的硅片进行管式扩散,以氮气为携磷气体,三氯氧磷为磷源,扩散温度为780℃,扩散时间为20min;
3)对完成管式扩散的硅片进行激光掺杂,在硅片正面形成重掺区;激光功率为30W,频率为240kHz;
4)对完成激光掺杂的硅片进行液相沉积磷源,沉积的磷源覆盖硅片正面;液相沉积磷源采用喷涂;磷源为P2O5的有机溶液;磷源的浓度为2.5mol/L;磷源的沉积厚度为5μm;
5)对完成液相沉积的硅片进行热氧化,使轻重掺区重新分布;热氧化在链式炉或管式炉中实施,氛围为氮氧混合气,温度为680℃,时间为50s;
6)对完成热氧化的硅片进行去PSG和去边结;在0.2wt%浓度HF中反应300s去除PSG和边结;
7)对完成去PSG和去边结的硅片进行镀膜,在硅片正面沉积一层起减反射和钝化作用的氮化硅膜;
8)对完成镀膜的硅片进行丝印和烧结,印刷背电极、背电场和正电极,再进行烧结,电极金属化,得到具有选择性发射极的电池片。
对比例2
在实施例2的基础上,区别仅在于省去步骤4)和步骤5),其他工艺步骤和工艺条件不变。
实施例2所得电池片与对比例2所得电池片的测试对比如表2所示:
表2 实施例2所得电池片与对比例2所得电池片的测试对比
实施例3
一种激光SE电池的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)硅片正面去除损伤层再制绒;
2)对完成制绒的硅片进行管式扩散,以氮气为携磷气体,三氯氧磷为磷源,扩散温度为800℃,扩散时间为20min;
3)对完成管式扩散的硅片进行激光掺杂,在硅片正面形成重掺区;激光功率为30W,频率为240kHz;
4)对完成激光掺杂的硅片进行液相沉积磷源,沉积的磷源覆盖硅片正面;液相沉积磷源采用滚涂;磷源为多聚磷酸的有机溶液;磷源的浓度为2.5mol/L;磷源的沉积厚度为10μm;
5)对完成液相沉积的硅片进行热氧化,使轻重掺区重新分布;热氧化在链式炉或管式炉中实施,氛围为水氧混合气,温度为680℃,时间为50s;
6)对完成热氧化的硅片进行去PSG和去边结,在0.2wt%浓度HF中反应300s去除PSG和边结;
7)对完成去PSG和去边结的硅片进行镀膜,在硅片正面沉积一层起减反射和钝化作用的氮化硅膜;
8)对完成镀膜的硅片进行丝印和烧结,印刷背电极、背电场和正电极,再进行烧结,电极金属化,得到具有选择性发射极的电池片。
对比例3
在实施例3的基础上,区别仅在于省去步骤4)和步骤5),其他工艺步骤和工艺条件不变。
实施例3所得电池片与对比例3所得电池片的测试对比如表3所示:
表3 实施例3所得电池片与对比例3所得电池片的测试对比
上述各实施例和各对比例所得电池片的测试,其中的掺杂浓度测试,采用的测试设备为Wafer Profiler CVP21,测试标准为GB/T 14146-2009《硅外延层载流子浓度测定 汞探针电容-电压法》;电性能测试,采用的测试设备为HALM测试仪,测试标准为JB/T 9478.3-2013《光电池测量方法 第3部分光电转换效率》。
由上述各实施例、对比例以及表1至表3中的数据对比可知:
1)热氧化使结深有所增加,辅助磷源扩散,轻掺区的近表面区活性磷源进一步反应生成PSG,使近表面区磷源浓度下降,开压上升,使最终电性能有所上升。
2)通过调整磷源种类与浓度,轻掺区的近表面区磷源浓度下降明显,开压提升,使电性能有所提升。
3)通过调整磷源及推进氛围,轻掺区近表面区浓度下降明显,使最终开压提升明显,电性能上升。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.激光SE电池的制备方法,包括激光掺杂和去PSG,其特征在于,还包括液相沉积磷源和热氧化,在激光掺杂之后,先液相沉积磷源,再热氧化,且热氧化在去PSG之前实施。
2.根据权利要求1所述的激光SE电池的制备方法,其特征在于,所述液相沉积磷源采用旋涂、喷涂或滚涂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的激光SE电池的制备方法,其特征在于,所述磷源为磷酸、P2O5或多聚磷酸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的激光SE电池的制备方法,其特征在于,所述磷源的浓度为0.05~2.5mol/L。
5.根据权利要求4所述的激光SE电池的制备方法,其特征在于,所述磷源的沉积厚度为0.1~20μm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的激光SE电池的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热氧化在链式炉或管式炉中实施。
7.根据权利要求6所述的激光SE电池的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热氧化的氛围为氧气、氮氧混合气或水氧混合气。
8.根据权利要求7所述的激光SE电池的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热氧化的温度为650~900℃。
9.根据权利要求8所述的激光SE电池的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热氧化的时间为30s~1h。
10.根据权利要求9所述的激光SE电池的制备方法,其特征在于,其具体步骤包括:
1)硅片正面去除损伤层再制绒;
2)对完成制绒的硅片进行管式扩散;
3)对完成管式扩散的硅片进行激光掺杂;
4)对完成激光掺杂的硅片进行液相沉积磷源;
5)对完成液相沉积的硅片进行热氧化;
6)对完成热氧化的硅片进行去PSG和去边结;
7)对完成去PSG和去边结的硅片进行镀膜;
8)对完成镀膜的硅片进行丝印和烧结。
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