CN111723995A - Optimized scheduling method for sediment in flood season of reservoir under combined scheduling of cascade reservoirs - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for optimally scheduling flood season sediment of a reservoir under the joint scheduling of a cascade reservoir comprises the following steps: step 1: forecasting the flow and sand content data of each hydrological station in the coming days in the flood season; step 2: judging whether the phenomenon that the sand peak lags behind the flood peak exists in the secondary flood process of the reservoir area of the tail end reservoir and whether the sand peak scheduling starting condition is met, and if so, starting sand peak scheduling in the flood season; and step 3: entering a flood-blocking peak-cutting period; and 4, step 4: entering a reservoir area sand pulling period; and 5: entering a sand discharging stage in front of a dam; step 6: and finishing the sand peak scheduling in the flood season, namely finishing the optimized scheduling of the sand in the flood season of the lower reservoir in the combined scheduling of the cascade reservoirs. According to the optimal scheduling method for the sediment of the reservoir in the flood season under the combined scheduling of the cascade reservoirs, provided by the invention, based on the optimization of the sediment movement law and the reservoir scheduling technology, the terminal reservoir is subjected to centralized sediment discharge in the flood season on the basis of the combined scheduling of a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of a river or a river reach, and a technical support is provided for solving the sediment accumulation problem of the terminal reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to an optimized dispatching method for silt in a reservoir in a flood season under combined dispatching of a cascade reservoir.
Background
The problem of reservoir silt deposition is a worldwide problem. According to statistics, the annual loss of the storage capacity of the reservoir caused by reservoir sedimentation globally accounts for 0.5-1.0% of the storage capacity of all the reservoirs, and the global storage capacity loss of the reservoir is expected to exceed 50% in 2050. The silt deposition of the reservoir not only directly influences the exertion of the benefits of reservoir flood control, power generation, navigation, water supply and the like, but also causes the deformation of the riverbed at the downstream of the dam due to the clear flow of the discharged water under the dam, and influences the stability of the river, the flood control, the shipping safety and the like.
The reservoir sediment accumulation prevention and control measures comprise blocking and reducing the incoming sediment in a drainage basin, scheduling sediment to discharge, utilizing mechanical equipment to remove the sediment and the like. Among them, silt scheduling is the most direct and effective means to reduce reservoir sedimentation. Reducing the inflow sand in the watershed is a source for controlling the sediment of the reservoir, for example, a water and soil conservation project is developed at the upstream of the reservoir to reduce water and soil loss, or a sediment storage reservoir is built at the upstream of the reservoir to intercept the sediment in each reservoir in different regions, and the like. A reasonable reservoir operation scheduling mode is selected, and scheduling and sand discharging are carried out by utilizing a reservoir flood discharge and sand discharging facility, so that the method is an important means for keeping the effective reservoir capacity of the reservoir, such as 'clear storage and muddy discharge', density flow sand discharging, water level reduction and sand flushing. The key technology for reducing local sedimentation in a reservoir area is to remove silt which falls into the reservoir or enters the reservoir by using mechanical equipment, and the key technology comprises dredging by a dredger, dredging by hydraulic siphon sand pumping, dredging by a pneumatic pump, dredging by a jet pump and the like.
In the initial design stage, the sediment scheduling of the three gorges reservoir takes 'storage, clearing and muddy discharge' as a main guiding idea, namely the operation water level of the reservoir is reduced to 145m of flood limit water level before the flood every year, the flood control reservoir capacity is vacated, and the operation is maintained at 145m of water level in the whole flood season except for the rise of the water level of the reservoir meeting the extra-large flood so as to discharge the sediment and reduce the sediment deposition at the tail of the reservoir. By the operation in the mode, the utilization rate of the reservoir in the flood season is low, and the comprehensive benefit is not brought into play. Meanwhile, the water storage of the three gorges reservoir is used, and due to the development of the economic society, higher requirements are put forward for the three gorges reservoir scheduling in all aspects of improving the downstream water supply standard, flood control, shipping, ecology and the like, so that the reservoir flood season scheduling mode needs to be optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an optimized dispatching method for silt in flood season of a reservoir under cascade reservoir combined dispatching, which can solve the problem of low comprehensive benefit exertion of the reservoir in the flood season in the current 'storage, clearing and muddy discharge' mode.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for optimally scheduling flood season sediment of a reservoir under the joint scheduling of a cascade reservoir comprises the following steps:
step 1: in the flood season, monitoring the flow and sand content data of the main control stations for entering and exiting the reservoirs of a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of a river or a river reach and other hydrological stations in a reservoir area in real time, and forecasting the flow and sand content change process of each hydrological station in the next several days according to a water-sand relation model and a hydrodynamic model based on real-time water regime information and sand content information;
step 2: according to the flow and sand content monitoring and forecasting process, judging whether the phenomenon that a sand peak lags behind a flood peak exists in the secondary flood process of the reservoir area of the tail end reservoir or not, and whether the sand peak scheduling starting condition is met or not, and if so, starting the sand peak scheduling in the flood season;
and step 3: after the sand peak scheduling of the flood season is started, the flood blocking and peak shaving period is started, and at this stage, a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of a river or a river reach are controlled to block and store the flood peak, so that the sand is discharged and the water storage amount is stored for a reservoir at the tail end of the next stage;
and 4, step 4: when the sand content of the terminal reservoir warehousing control station is actually measured>2kg/m3In the stage, the flow of water in and out of a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of a river or a river section is controlled, so that the flow of water in and out of a reservoir at the tail end is balanced;
and 5: when the measured sand content of the dam front hydrological station of the tail reservoir>0.8kg/m3In the stage, a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of a river or a river reach are controlled to increase the discharge flow simultaneously, so that the centralized sand discharge is realized;
step 6: when the measured sand content of the outlet control station of the tail end reservoir<0.1kg/m3And then, finishing the sand peak scheduling in the flood season, namely finishing the optimized scheduling of the sand in the flood season of the lower reservoir in the combined scheduling of the cascade reservoirs.
The sand peak scheduling start-up in the step 2 needs to simultaneously meet the warehousing water sand start-up condition, the ex-warehouse water sand start-up condition and the warehousing flow condition, and the method comprises the following steps:
starting conditions of warehousing water sand: the total amount of sand in warehouse exceeds 3500 ten thousand tons in the future one week, and the average sand content in warehouse is more than 1.4kg/m3；
And (3) starting conditions of ex-warehouse water sand: the total amount of the sand discharged from the warehouse exceeds 1000 ten thousand tons in the future one week, and the average sand content discharged from the warehouse is more than 0.3kg/m3；
And (4) warehousing flow conditions: the warehousing flow required by scheduling and starting is dynamically determined according to the operating water level of the reservoir, and when the water level of the reservoir is 145m, the warehousing flow needs to be more than 25000m3S; when the water level of the reservoir is 150m, the flow rate of the reservoir needs to be more than 30000m3S; when the water level of the reservoir is 155m, the flow rate of the reservoir needs to be more than 35000m3S; when the water level of the reservoir is 160m, the flow rate of the reservoir needs to be larger than 40000m3/s。
And 3, controlling the water output of a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of the river or the river reach to ensure that the outlet flow of the tail end reservoir is smaller than the inlet flow of the tail end reservoir.
And 5, controlling a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of the river or the river reach to increase the discharge flow simultaneously, so that the outlet flow of the tail end reservoir is larger than the inlet flow of the tail end reservoir, and realizing centralized sand discharge.
The optimal scheduling method for the sediment in the reservoir in the flood season under the combined scheduling of the cascade reservoirs has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method has the advantages that the method carries out deep analysis and research on the flood peak propagation rules of a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of a river or a river reach, particularly the flood peak propagation rules of the reservoir at the tail end after the water storage operation of the upstream cascade reservoir, and fills the research gap.
2. The flood season sand peak scheduling is provided aiming at the flood season sand peak propagation rule of the reservoir, when the sand peak does not reach the dam, the sand discharge ratio of the reservoir cannot be obviously influenced when the operating water level of the reservoir is increased above the flood control limit water level, and technical support is provided for ensuring that the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir in the flood season are fully played.
3. The problem that comprehensive benefits of reservoirs in flood season are low in performance in the existing 'storage, cleaning and muddy water discharge' mode can be solved, and the terminal reservoirs are enabled to discharge sand in a concentrated mode in the flood season based on the combined scheduling of a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of a river or a river reach from the optimization of the sediment movement law and the reservoir scheduling technology, so that technical support is provided for solving the sediment accumulation problem of the terminal reservoirs, and the development of reservoir sediment scheduling theories and technologies is promoted.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sand peak scheduling process according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the time from the inch beach station to the dam at different flow water levels according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example one
The three reservoirs arranged along the upstream of the river reach the downstream step in the embodiment are respectively: the hydrologic station arrangement conditions of the brook-luodian reservoir, the inward dam reservoir and the three gorges reservoir are as follows:
the warehousing control station of the Xiluodian reservoir is a white crane beach hydrological station, and the ex-warehouse control station is a Xiluodian hydrological station;
the entering control station of the reservoir of the going-to-home dam is a Xiluodie hydrological station, and the leaving control station is a hydrological station of the going-to-home dam;
the three gorges reservoir warehousing control station is a cun-beach hydrological station, the ex-warehousing control station is a yellow tomb temple hydrological station, the pre-dam hydrological station is a temple river hydrological station, and other main hydrological stations further comprise hydrological stations such as a qingxi court and a wanxian county.
The optimal scheduling method for the sediment in the flood season of the lower reservoir by the combined scheduling of the cascade reservoirs on the river reach comprises the following steps:
step 1: in a flood season (10 days to 30 days in 6 months to 9 months per year), flow and sand content data of an upstream-downstream brook ferry reservoir, a family dam reservoir and an in-out main control station of a three gorges reservoir and other hydrological stations in a reservoir area are monitored in real time, and flow and sand content change conditions of each hydrological station in the next several days are forecasted according to a water-sand relation model and a hydrodynamics model on the basis of real-time water situation information and sand content information.
Step 2: according to the flow and sand content monitoring and forecasting process, judging whether a phenomenon that a sand peak lags behind a flood peak exists in a reservoir area of the three gorges reservoir or not, and whether a sand peak scheduling starting condition is met or not, and if so, starting sand peak scheduling in a flood season;
the sand peak scheduling start-up in the step 2 needs to simultaneously meet the warehousing water sand start-up condition, the ex-warehouse water sand start-up condition and the warehousing flow condition, and the method comprises the following steps:
starting conditions of warehousing water sand: according to the model prediction result, the total amount of the sand in the three gorges reservoir warehouse in one week in the future exceeds 3500 ten thousand tons, and the average sand content in the warehouse is more than 1.4kg/m3；
And (3) starting conditions of ex-warehouse water sand: predicting results from the modelThe total sand amount of the three gorges reservoir in the future one week exceeds 1000 ten thousand tons, and the average sand content in the reservoir is more than 0.3kg/m3；
And (4) warehousing flow conditions: the warehousing flow required by scheduling and starting is dynamically determined according to the operating water level of the reservoir, and when the water level of the three gorges reservoir is 145m, the warehousing flow needs to be more than 25000m3S; when the water level of the three gorges reservoir is 150m, the warehousing flow rate needs to be more than 30000m3S; when the water level of the three gorges reservoir is 155m, the warehousing flow rate needs to be more than 35000m3S; when the water level of the three gorges reservoir is 160m, the warehousing flow needs to be larger than 40000m3/s。
And step 3: after the sand peak scheduling in the flood season is started, the flood peak blocking and peak clipping period is started, at this stage, the water inflow and outflow of the brook-luodian reservoir and the domestic dam reservoir are controlled to block and store the flood peak, so that the ex-warehouse flow of the three gorges reservoir is smaller than the in-warehouse flow, and the sand discharge and water storage amount of the next-stage three gorges reservoir is realized; for example, the warehousing flow rate of 45000m in the three gorges reservoir3Starting sand peak scheduling at the time of/s to enter a flood-blocking and peak-cutting period, wherein the delivery flow of the three gorges reservoir is less than 45000m according to the flood control requirement3/s。
And 4, step 4: when the sand content of the cun beach hydrological station, the three gorges reservoir warehousing control station, is actually measured>2kg/m3In the season, the sand peak in the flood season is scheduled to enter a reservoir region sand pulling period, and in the period, the flow of the stream luodie reservoir and the flow of the stream luodie reservoir to the inlet and outlet of the family dam reservoir are controlled to balance the flow of the three gorges reservoir to the inlet and outlet, for example, the flow of the three gorges reservoir to the inlet is 45000m at the moment3The flow rate of delivery is kept at 45000m3And/s, aiming at increasing the flow velocity of water flow in the three gorges reservoir area, ensuring that a sand peak can reach the dam as soon as possible and reducing the sediment deposition in the reservoir area in the movement process. The duration of the reservoir area sand pulling period depends on the movement time of the sand peak in the reservoir area, and the time before the sand peak reaches the dam from the beach station under different flow water levels is shown in figure 2.
And 5: when the measured sand content of the dam front hydrological station-temple river station of the three gorges reservoir>0.8kg/m3In the period, the sand peak scheduling in the flood season enters a pre-dam sand discharging stage, and in the stage, the stream Luo-river reservoir and the household dam reservoir are controlled to simultaneously increase the discharge flow, so that the centralized sand discharging is realized; for example, the warehousing flow of the three gorges reservoir is 45 at this time000m3S, the flow of delivery needs to be increased to 50000m3S for sand removal.
Step 6: when the measured sand content of the stock-leaving control station of the three gorges reservoir-Huang Ling Temple hydrological station<0.1kg/m3And then, finishing the sand peak scheduling in the flood season, namely finishing the optimized scheduling of the sand in the flood season of the lower reservoir in the combined scheduling of the cascade reservoirs.
And 5, controlling a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of the river or the river reach to increase the discharge flow simultaneously, so that the outlet flow of the tail end reservoir is larger than the inlet flow of the tail end reservoir, and realizing centralized sand discharge.
The scheduling processes of flood-blocking peak-cutting period, reservoir area sand pulling period and dam front sand discharge period of sand peak scheduling in the steps 3-5 are shown in fig. 1.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and features in the embodiments and examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for optimally scheduling flood season sediment of a reservoir under the joint scheduling of a cascade reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: in the flood season, monitoring the flow and sand content data of the main control stations for entering and exiting the reservoirs of a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of a river or a river reach and other hydrological stations in a reservoir area in real time, and forecasting the flow and sand content change condition of each hydrological station in the next several days according to a water-sand relation model and a hydrodynamic model based on real-time water situation information and sand content information;
step 2: judging whether the phenomenon that the sand peak lags behind the flood peak exists in the secondary flood process of the reservoir area of the tail end reservoir or not and whether the sand peak scheduling starting condition is met or not according to the monitored and forecasted flow and sand content change conditions, and starting the sand peak scheduling in the flood season if the sand peak scheduling starting condition is met;
and step 3: after the sand peak scheduling of the flood season is started, the flood blocking and peak shaving period is started, and at this stage, a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of a river or a river reach are controlled to block and store the flood peak, so that the sand is discharged and the water storage amount is stored for a reservoir at the tail end of the next stage;
and 4, step 4: when the sand content of the terminal reservoir warehousing control station is actually measured>2kg/m3In the stage, the flow of entering and exiting the reservoirs of a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of a river or a river section is controlled, so that the flow of entering and exiting the reservoirs of a tail end reservoir is balanced;
and 5: when the measured sand content of the dam front hydrological station of the tail reservoir>0.8kg/m3In the stage, a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of a river or a river reach are controlled to increase the discharge flow simultaneously, so that the centralized sand discharge is realized;
step 6: when the measured sand content of the outlet control station of the tail end reservoir<0.1kg/m3And then, finishing the sand peak scheduling in the flood season, namely finishing the optimized scheduling of the sand in the flood season of the lower reservoir in the combined scheduling of the cascade reservoirs.
2. The optimal scheduling method for the sediment in the flood season of the reservoir under the combined scheduling of the cascade reservoirs according to claim 1, wherein the sand peak scheduling starting requirement in the step 2 simultaneously meets the starting condition of the water and sand for warehousing, the starting condition of the water and sand for delivery and the condition of the flow for warehousing, and comprises the following steps:
starting conditions of warehousing water sand: the total amount of sand in warehouse exceeds 3500 ten thousand tons in the future one week, and the average sand content in warehouse is more than 1.4kg/m3；
And (3) starting conditions of ex-warehouse water sand: the total amount of the sand discharged from the warehouse exceeds 1000 ten thousand tons in the future one week, and the average sand content discharged from the warehouse is more than 0.3kg/m3；
And (4) warehousing flow conditions: the warehousing flow required by scheduling and starting is dynamically determined according to the operating water level of the reservoir, and when the water level of the reservoir is 145m, the warehousing flow needs to be more than 25000m3S; when the water level of the reservoir is 150m, the flow rate of the reservoir needs to be more than 30000m3S; when the water level of the reservoir is 155m, the flow rate of the reservoir needs to be more than 35000m3S; when the water level of the reservoir is 160m, the flow rate of the reservoir needs to be larger than that of the reservoir40000m3/s。
3. The optimal scheduling method for the sediment in the reservoir in the flood season through the combined scheduling of the cascade reservoirs according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and 3, controlling the water discharge amount of a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of the river or the river reach to ensure that the discharge flow of the tail end reservoir is smaller than the storage flow of the tail end reservoir.
4. The optimal scheduling method for the sediment in the reservoir in the flood season through the combined scheduling of the cascade reservoirs according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and 5, controlling a plurality of reservoirs from the upstream to the downstream of the river or the river reach to increase the discharge flow simultaneously, so that the outlet flow of the tail end reservoir is larger than the inlet flow of the tail end reservoir, and realizing centralized sand discharge.
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| CN113742637A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-12-03 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method and device for calculating annual average silt loss rate of reservoir, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN114331033A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉大学 | Coordinated scheduling method and device for operating water level of cascade reservoir in fluctuating period |
| CN114438952A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-06 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Test simulation system and test simulation method for reservoir sand peak scheduling |
| CN115062389A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-16 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Reservoir gate scheduling method, device and equipment for silt reduction in front of dam |
| CN114331033B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2024-05-31 | 武汉大学 | Collaborative scheduling method and device for running water level of cascade reservoir in hydro-fluctuation period |
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