CN109898474B - Multi-reservoir-area water reservoir - Google Patents
Multi-reservoir-area water reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN109898474B CN109898474B CN201910205664.4A CN201910205664A CN109898474B CN 109898474 B CN109898474 B CN 109898474B CN 201910205664 A CN201910205664 A CN 201910205664A CN 109898474 B CN109898474 B CN 109898474B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-reservoir area water reservoir, which belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering, and the IPC classification number of the multi-reservoir area water reservoir is E02B 3/02. The multi-reservoir-area reservoir comprises a dam, a water-isolating dam and an automatic reservoir control system, wherein the dam and the water-isolating dam divide a reservoir area into a water blocking area, a clear water area and a benefit area which are communicated through a gate; the opening height of the gate can be automatically controlled according to the measurement result of the vertical distribution of the silt, the clear water on the upper layer of the water retaining area is introduced into the clear water area for long-term storage, and a certain amount of spare water resources can be still stored in the clear water area when the water retaining area is flushed by draining water; the benefit-improving area can conveniently and flexibly call clean water in the clean water area or the water blocking area to generate electricity, and the abrasion of the water turbine caused by the coarse sand in the water blocking area passing through the machine is prevented. The structural form of the reservoir in the multi-reservoir area solves the problem of abrasion of sediment of the reservoir in the sandy river to the water turbine, and simultaneously solves the contradiction between the promotion of water storage and the flood discharge and sand discharge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-reservoir area water reservoir, which belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering, and the IPC classification number of the multi-reservoir area water reservoir is E02B 3/02.
Background
The silt content of most rivers in China is high, and the problem of abrasion of the silt of a water turbine is very prominent. The erosion and abrasion of the sand-containing water flow to the water turbine cause serious damage to the surface of the flow passage component, the overhaul and service cycle of the water turbine are shortened, and the economic benefit of the power station is greatly reduced. Recent studies have shown that the amount of erosion of the material increases with the sand content and the particle size of the sand, when the median particle size d of the sand is increased50Above 250 μm, the abrasive action on the turbine is significantly increased. Therefore, in the operation process of the power station, the coarse sand passing through the machine is reduced as much as possible, and the service life of the water turbine is prolonged. According to the law of the suspended load of the water flow, the distribution of the silt particle size in the water is increased along with the increase of the water depth, so that the water on the upper layer is introduced as much as possible to generate electricity.
The high sand-containing reservoir still has the silt siltation problem, because serious silt siltation leads to making good use of the storage capacity to reduce, and the ability of making good use of retaining is weakened, causes the unable effective utilization of upper reaches rainfall flood resource. The sediment deposited in the reservoir is completely discharged by adopting a mechanical dredging technical means, so that the cost is high and the time is long. At present, a sandy river reservoir mainly utilizes flood season flood water to discharge sand and reduce silt in a low water level operation mode or flood meeting mode of an empty reservoir in a flood season. The operation of reducing the water level in the flood season is beneficial to the sand discharge of the reservoir, but influences the water storage in the later flood season of the reservoir area, and further influences the function exertion of the reservoir, thereby inducing the contradiction between the flood discharge and sand discharge of the reservoir and the water storage and the interest promotion of the reservoir area.
A large amount of coarse-particle silt is often deposited at a water diversion port close to a power station, and when power generation and water diversion are carried out, the deposited silt enters the water power station and seriously abrades a water turbine, so that when the sand content of incoming water of a reservoir is large or during water drainage, the power generation cannot be started, and a large amount of water resources are wasted.
Therefore, on the premise of ensuring engineering safety, the method slows down reservoir sedimentation, improves the utilization efficiency of water resources, increases the generated energy, and achieves the purposes of flood control and benefit, thereby becoming a problem to be solved for reservoir scheduling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a reservoir structural form of a multi-reservoir area reservoir, by utilizing the reservoir structural form, the effective reservoir capacity of the sandy river reservoir is obviously increased while the sediment accumulation of the reservoir area is effectively reduced, the water storage of the reservoir in the later flood season is improved, and the power generation can be started at any time in one year and under any sand content condition, so that the water storage and the interest promotion functions of the reservoir are facilitated. The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a multi-bay water reservoir comprising: the system comprises a dam, a water-isolating dam and a reservoir automatic control system, wherein a power station water diversion port and a flood discharge and sand discharge hole are formed in the dam; the dam and the water-isolating dam divide a reservoir area into three parts: a closed reservoir area which is formed by the dam and the water-resisting dam and does not comprise the water diversion port of the power station and the flood discharge and sand discharge hole is a clear water area; a closed reservoir area which is enclosed by the dam and the water-resisting dam and contains the water diversion port of the power station is a benefit area; the other reservoir areas are water blocking areas, and flood discharge and sand discharge holes of the dam are positioned in the water blocking areas;
a sand blocking bank is arranged at the front edge of the water diversion port of the power station, a sand conveying gallery is arranged in front of the sand blocking bank and communicated with the flood discharge and sand discharge holes, and a sand discharge port is arranged at the top of the sand conveying gallery;
three water-resisting dams around the interest-promoting area are respectively provided with a gate, three gates are arranged on the water-resisting dam between the clear water area and the water blocking area, and the gates are vertical lifting gates;
the reservoir automatic control system comprises a gate opening and closing control system and a suspended load vertical distribution measuring system, and the suspended load vertical distribution measuring system comprises an automatic water depth measuring device, an automatic sand content measuring device and a sediment particle size measuring device; and the suspended load vertical distribution measurement system is arranged on one surface of the water blocking area, which faces the water blocking area, of the water separating dam, is close to the gate and is used for measuring the sand content and the sediment particle size of different water depths.
The invention relates to a multi-reservoir water reservoir, which has the following invention points:
(1) building a water-isolating dam to divide the traditional single reservoir area into a clear water area, a water blocking area and a benefit area, wherein the clear water area, the water blocking area and the benefit area are communicated through a gate; the clear water area can store clear water for a long time, and a certain amount of standby water resources can be still stored in the clear water area when the water blocking area is washed by rainfall, so that the waste of a large amount of water resources caused by the reduction of the whole water level of the single reservoir area is reduced, and a standby water source is provided for reducing the upstream incoming water after the rainfall. The prosperous area can conveniently and flexibly call the clean water in the clean water area or the water blocking area to generate electricity, the damage of the water flow containing coarse sand in the water blocking area to the power station is prevented once and for all, the contradiction between the water storage prosperous and flood discharge and sand discharge of the reservoir is solved, and the integral flood control application of the reservoir in the flood season is not influenced.
(2) When flood discharge is carried out in a flood season, clear water at the upper layer is discharged through a water inlet of the power station, and the power generation is facilitated while the flood discharge is carried out; lower floor's muddy water discharges through flood discharge sand discharge hole, and the storehouse district is discharged through flood discharge sand discharge hole to the silt siltation body, through the layering flood discharge, has both improved flood discharge efficiency, has increased the generated energy, has prevented again that the coarse sand from crossing the machine, kills three birds with one stone.
(3) After the flood season, the overall water level of the traditional single reservoir area is low, and the full play of the functions of power generation, irrigation and the like is influenced; according to the invention, by adjusting the height of the gate in the interest-promoting area, the power station can directly use the stored clean water from the clean water area to generate power, supply water to downstream for irrigation, and simultaneously prevent coarse sand from passing through the machine. Through the ingenious design of the interest-promoting area, when the water level of the water blocking area is high, the sand content is low, and the water body meets the machine passing requirement, the power station preferentially guides water from the water blocking area to generate power.
(4) By utilizing the suspended load vertical distribution measuring system and the gate opening and closing control system, the water diversion water level can be efficiently determined, the relation among the clear water area, the water blocking area and the benefit area is automatically controlled, and the control efficiency is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall floor plan of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is the dam, 2 is the power station inlet, 3 is flood discharge desilting hole, 4 is flood discharge desilting hole gate, 5 is the water proof dam, 6 is the sediment trapping bank, 7 is the defeated sand corridor, 8 is the desilting mouth, 9 is the rivers direction, 10 is the clear water district, 11 is gate A, 12 is gate B, 13 is gate C, 14 is gate D, 15 is gate E, 16 is gate F, 17 is the water blocking district, 18 is the prosperous district.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The utility model provides a many storehouses district's reservoir, includes dam 1, water proof dam 5 and reservoir automatic control system, be equipped with power station inlet 2 and flood discharge sand discharge hole 3 on dam 1 be equipped with flood discharge sand discharge hole gate 4 on the sand discharge hole 3. The water-proof dam 5 is positioned at the upstream of the dam 1, and the dam 1 and the water-proof dam 5 divide a reservoir area into three parts: a closed reservoir area which is surrounded by the dam 1 and the water-separating dam 5 and does not contain the water diversion port 2 of the power station and the flood discharge and sand discharge hole 3 is a clean water area 10; a closed reservoir area which is surrounded by the dam 1 and the water insulation dam 5 and contains the water diversion port 2 of the power station is a benefit area 18; the other reservoir areas are water blocking areas 17, and the flood discharge and sand discharge holes 3 of the dam 1 are positioned in the water blocking areas 17.
The dam crest elevation of the water-proof dam 5 is the same as the normal water storage level of the reservoir. A plurality of gates are arranged on the water-proof dam 5, and the gates are preferably vertical lifting gates; the clear water area 10, the water blocking area 17 and the interest area 18 are communicated through the gate. In this embodiment, three water-proof dams 5 around the benefit-improving area 18 are respectively provided with a gate a 11, a gate B12 and a gate C13; and three gates, namely a gate D14, a gate E15 and a gate F16, are arranged on the water-stop dam 5 between the clean water area 10 and the water blocking area 17. The top elevations of the gates A-F are the same as the dam top elevation of the water-stop dam 5, the bottom elevations of the gates A-F are the same as the reservoir dead water level, namely, the lowest water level controlled by the gates A-F is equal to the reservoir dead water level, and the highest water level controlled by the gates A-F is equal to the normal reservoir level of the reservoir.
The reservoir automatic control system comprises a gate opening and closing control system and a suspended load vertical distribution measuring system, wherein the suspended load vertical distribution measuring system comprises a water depth automatic measuring device, a sand content automatic measuring device and a sediment particle size measuring device. And the suspended load vertical distribution measuring system is arranged on one surface of the water blocking dam 5 facing the water blocking area 17, is close to the gates B-F, and is used for measuring the silt content and the silt particle size of different water depths in front of the gates B-F. The automatic water depth measuring device, the automatic sand content measuring device and the silt particle size measuring device can select various existing measuring devices according to actual needs.
The suspended load vertical distribution measuring system can also be composed of a water depth automatic measuring device and an automatic sampling device, and the sand content and the sediment particle size are manually measured after automatic sampling.
The position and scale of the clear water area 10, the number of gates, the width of the gates, and the like can be calculated by professional technicians in the field according to actual requirements and design specifications according to the conditions of the characteristic water level of the dam 1, upstream water and sand conditions, installed capacity, geological conditions of the reservoir area and the like, and the method belongs to the prior art and is not repeated in the invention.
The leading edge of the water diversion port 2 of the power station is provided with a sand blocking ridge 6, a sand conveying gallery 7 is arranged in front of the sand blocking ridge 6, the sand conveying gallery 7 is communicated with the flood discharge and sand discharge hole 3, and a sand discharge port 8 is arranged at the top of the sand conveying gallery 7.
The utility water intake 2 can selectively draw water from the clean water area 10 or the water interception area 17 through the interest area 18 to generate electricity. Lifting said gate a 11, said clean water zone 10 being isolated from said interest zone 18; at this time, the gates B12 and C13 are lowered, and the plant catchment 2 can directly catch water from the water-retaining area 17 to generate electricity.
Lowering the gate A11 and lifting the gate B12 and the gate C13, wherein the clean water area 10 is communicated with the interest area 18, and the station water inlet 2 draws water from the clean water area 10 to generate power. The flood discharge and sand discharge holes 3 of the dam 1 are not included in the clean water area 10 and the benefit area 18, and are all located in the water blocking area 17.
The gates a, B, C, D, E and F of the present invention are the same type of gate, and the numbers a to F merely indicate the difference in position.
The number and size of the gates are not limited to those listed in the embodiments of the present invention, and can be determined by those skilled in the art according to the actual water supply amount and water storage amount.
The sand content and the sediment particle size of the water turbine allowed to pass through the machine are not uniform and are related to the main construction purpose and the actual requirement of the reservoir, for example, if the main construction purpose of the reservoir is flood control or water storage irrigation and the power generation is secondary purpose, the sand content of the water flow allowed to pass through the machine is lower and the sediment particle size is smaller; if the main purpose of reservoir construction is to facilitate power generation or during peak power consumption, the sand content and the sediment particle size of the machine are allowed to be higher in order to ensure the generated energy. Therefore, each reservoir is not completely consistent in numerical value, different periods of the same reservoir are not consistent, and reservoir scheduling personnel determine the numerical values according to the scheduling plan of the reservoir.
The invention relates to a multi-reservoir-area reservoir, which has the specific operation mode that: when the water level of the water blocking area 17 is higher than the water level of the clear water area 10, the suspended load vertical distribution measuring system measures the sand content and the sediment particle size of different water levels in the water blocking area 17, determines that the sand content and the sediment particle size meet the corresponding water level allowed by the water turbine to pass through the machine, and determines the water level as a water diversion water level; the gate opening and closing control system lifts the gate A11 to the highest position, then the heights of the gate D14, the gate E15 and the gate F16 are lowered to the water diversion water level, and water above the water diversion water level in the water blocking area 17 enters the clean water area 10 through the gate D14, the gate E15 and the gate F16. According to the distribution rule of suspended load silt along the water depth, the incoming water entering the clear water area 10 is clear water with low sand content and small particle size. When the water level of the clean water area 10 gradually rises to the normal water storage level, the gate opening and closing control system raises the heights of the gate D14, the gate E15 and the gate F16 to the normal water storage level so as to ensure that the water level of the clean water stored in the clean water area 10 is still kept at the normal water storage level when the upstream incoming water is reduced.
When the reservoir water level is reduced before a flood (for reserving flood control reservoir capacity), the heights of the gate A11, the gate D14, the gate E15 and the gate F16 in the clear water area 10 are located at a normal water storage level, so that the clear water stored in the clear water area 10 is located at the normal water storage level. The diversion water level is determined through the suspended load vertical distribution measuring system, the gate opening and closing control system lowers the heights of the gate B12 and the gate C13 to the diversion water level, the benefit area 18 is communicated with the water blocking area 17, water above the diversion water level in the water blocking area 17 enters the benefit area 18 and is discharged through the diversion port 2 of the power station, and the benefits are generated while the water level of the reservoir is lowered.
When flood discharge occurs in a flood season, the suspended load vertical distribution measurement system measures the sand content and the sediment particle size of different water levels in the water blocking area 17, and scheduling is performed according to the following two conditions:
when all the incoming water in the water-retaining area 17 does not meet the requirement of passing the machine, the gate B12, the gate C13, the gate D14, the gate E15 and the gate F16 are lifted to the highest, the clear water area 10 and the benefit-improving area 18 are isolated from the water-retaining area 17, so that muddy water in the water-retaining area 17 is prevented from entering the clear water area 10 and the benefit-improving area 18, a large amount of silt is prevented from passing the machine, and the water inlet 2 of the power station does not guide water from the water-retaining area 17 any more. And opening the flood discharge and sand discharge hole gate 4, and draining and discharging sand through the flood discharge and sand discharge hole 3 so as to reduce the sediment deposition of the water blocking area 17 and recover the silt loss reservoir capacity.
When the sand content and the sediment particle size of the upper layer water in the water blocking area 17 meet the requirement of the water turbine for passing through the machine, according to the measured water diversion water level, the gate opening and closing control system lowers the heights of the gate B12, the gate C13, the gate D14, the gate E15 and the gate F16 to the water diversion water level, the gate A11 is lowered to the minimum level, the upper layer clear water in the water blocking area 17 passes through the clear water area 10 and the benefit area 18 and enters the water diversion port 2 of the power station, and flood is drained during power generation. And opening the flood discharge and sand discharge hole gate 4, and draining the lower-layer muddy water in the water blocking area 17 through the flood discharge and sand discharge hole 3. Therefore, the flood discharge progress can be accelerated, and flood can be fully utilized for power generation.
When a large flood occurs in the upstream forecast, the heights of the gate A11, the gate B12, the gate C13, the gate D14, the gate E15 and the gate F16 are reduced to the lowest elevation, the flood discharge and sand discharge hole gate 4 is opened, and the clear water area 10, the interest area 18 and the water blocking area 17 participate in flood control scheduling together, so that the safety of the dam is ensured.
When a reservoir undertakes water using tasks such as power generation or/and downstream irrigation, if the water level elevation, the sediment content and the sediment particle size of the water interception area 17 meet the machine passing requirements, the interest-increasing area 18 is isolated from the clean water area 10, the interest-increasing area 18 is communicated with the water interception area 17, and the water diversion port 2 of the power station leads water from the water interception area 17; if the water level elevation of the water blocking area 17 is low, or the silt content or/and the silt particle size do not meet the machine passing requirement, the gate B12 and the gate C13 are lifted to the highest elevation, so that the benefit area 18 is isolated from the water blocking area 17; and reducing the height of the gate A11 to a water level calculated according to the water use task, so that the interest area 18 is communicated with the clean water area 10, and clean water stored in the clean water area 10 enters the water diversion port 2 of the power station through the gate A11 to finish the power generation or/and water transfer tasks.
The invention solves the contradiction between the water storage and the flood discharge and the sand discharge of the reservoir area of the sandy river reservoir and the problems of high cost and long duration of the integral dredging of the reservoir area. The silt-free water-saving system has the advantages that when the silt-free water-saving capacity is recovered, the coarse sand is prevented from passing through the system, the utilization rate of water resources in reservoir areas is obviously improved, the principle is simple, the operation is convenient, the system is safe and reliable, economical and practical, and the silt-free water-saving system has higher practical value for the benefit of the sandy river reservoir.
Claims (1)
1. A multi-reservoir water reservoir, comprising: the dam comprises a dam (1), a water-stop dam (5) and a reservoir automatic control system, wherein a power station water diversion port (2) and a flood discharge and sand discharge hole (3) are formed in the dam (1); the dam (1) and the water-isolating dam (5) divide the reservoir area into three parts: a closed reservoir area which is formed by the dam (1) and the water-isolating dam (5) and does not comprise the water diversion port (2) of the power station and the flood discharge and sand discharge hole (3) is a clear water area (10); a closed reservoir area which is enclosed by the dam (1) and the water-isolating dam (5) and contains the diversion port (2) of the power station is a benefit area (18); the other reservoir areas are water blocking areas (17), and the flood discharge and sand discharge holes (3) of the dam (1) are positioned in the water blocking areas (17);
a sand blocking sill (6) is arranged at the front edge of the water diversion port (2) of the power station, a sand conveying gallery (7) is arranged in front of the sand blocking sill (6), the sand conveying gallery (7) is communicated with the flood discharge and sand discharge hole (3), and a sand discharge port (8) is arranged at the top of the sand conveying gallery (7);
three water-proof dams (5) around the interest-improving area (18) are respectively provided with a gate A (11), a gate B (12) and a gate C (13); three gates, namely a gate D (14), a gate E (15) and a gate F (16), are arranged on the water-stop dam (5) between the clear water area (10) and the water blocking area (17); the gate A (11), the gate B (12), the gate C (13), the gate D (14), the gate E (15) and the gate F (16) are vertical lifting gates;
the reservoir automatic control system comprises a gate opening and closing control system and a suspended load vertical distribution measuring system, and the suspended load vertical distribution measuring system comprises an automatic water depth measuring device, an automatic sand content measuring device and a sediment particle size measuring device; the suspended load vertical distribution measuring system is arranged on one surface of the water-blocking dam (5) facing the water blocking area (17), is close to the gate B (12), the gate C (13), the gate D (14), the gate E (15) and the gate F (16), and is used for measuring the sand content and the sediment particle size of different water depths;
the dam crest elevation of the water-isolating dam (5) is the same as the normal water storage level of the reservoir; the top elevations of the gate A (11), the gate B (12), the gate C (13), the gate D (14), the gate E (15) and the gate F (16) are the same as the elevation of the dam crest of the water-proof dam (5), and the bottom elevations of the gate A (11), the gate B (12), the gate C (13), the gate D (14), the gate E (15) and the gate F (16) are the same as the dead water level of the reservoir.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910205664.4A CN109898474B (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2019-03-18 | Multi-reservoir-area water reservoir |
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| CN201910205664.4A CN109898474B (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2019-03-18 | Multi-reservoir-area water reservoir |
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| CN109898474B true CN109898474B (en) | 2021-01-29 |
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| CN110468792B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2024-02-09 | 河北省水利水电勘测设计研究院集团有限公司 | Non-clogging ecological permeable dam and construction method thereof |
| CN110453657A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-15 | 王正军 | A kind of layout structure in novel composite ecological power station |
| CN112726490B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-06-24 | 盐城工学院 | Guiding device and method suitable for discharging turbid and storing clear water of water source reservoir |
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| JP2001073349A (en) * | 1999-09-02 | 2001-03-21 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | Method and facility for discharging sand from reservoir |
| CN107964917A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2018-04-27 | 丰和营造集团股份有限公司 | A kind of water conservancy system |
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