CN214530485U - Sediment management structure suitable for sandy river hydropower station - Google Patents
Sediment management structure suitable for sandy river hydropower station Download PDFInfo
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- CN214530485U CN214530485U CN202023034194.7U CN202023034194U CN214530485U CN 214530485 U CN214530485 U CN 214530485U CN 202023034194 U CN202023034194 U CN 202023034194U CN 214530485 U CN214530485 U CN 214530485U
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a silt management structure suitable for sandy river power station. The system comprises a sand washing building, a sediment bypass tunnel and a power station water inlet; the sand flushing building is arranged at the upstream of the dam or on the dam body of the dam; the silt bypass tunnel is arranged on the left bank or the right bank of the reservoir and on the left bank or the right bank of the river channel; the water inlet of the power station is positioned at the upstream of the dam or arranged on the dam body of the dam; the sediment reservoir section is arranged in the reservoir and is positioned between the inlet of the sediment bypass tunnel and the water inlet of the power station; the water transfer tunnel is arranged downstream of the power station water inlet. The utility model overcomes the defects of large scale, high investment and the like of the sand basin in the traditional technology; has the advantages of investment saving, small technical risk and simple construction.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering river silt management technical field, it is the silt management structure suitable for sandy river power station that says so more specifically.
Background
Sandy river flow power stations often face two problems: firstly, silt of the reservoir is deposited, so that the regulated storage capacity of the reservoir is reduced, and the comprehensive utilization benefit of a power station is influenced; secondly, a large amount of silt enters the water turbine, so that the water turbine is seriously abraded and is forced to be frequently stopped for overhaul or replaced, and the operation and maintenance investment of the power station is greatly increased while the normal operation of the power station is influenced. Therefore, the sediment solution of the sandy river hydropower station needs to design effective sediment discharge measures and scientific and reasonable operation scheduling rules on the one hand, and the long-term sustainability of reservoir capacity is kept. On the other hand, sand settling measures are needed to reduce the amount of over-machine silt as much as possible.
In the aspect of sand discharge measures of the reservoir, a large flow water level is lowered in a flood season to flush sand through arranging a sand discharge hole or a tunnel with a low elevation. In the aspect of reducing silt passing through the turbine, the traditional technology is to construct a desilting pond to reduce the sand content entering the water turbine. In actual engineering, adverse conditions such as large sediment amount, small reservoir capacity, high sediment particle hardness, steep and narrow terrain are often met, and if factors such as high water head of a power station, large design reference flow and the like are added, a large-scale desilting basin or even an underground desilting basin may need to be built by adopting the traditional technology, so that the problems of high engineering investment, large engineering technology risk, large construction difficulty and the like are caused. Some hydropower stations select in the sandy season, reduce the running number of units so as to reduce the reference flow and the size of a desilting pool, but reduce the power generation amount.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a silt management strategy with less investment, technical risk and construction difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a silt management structure suitable for a sandy river hydropower station, which is a desilting and desilting structure of engineering, and has the advantages of investment saving, small technical risk and simple construction; overcomes the defects of large scale, high investment and the like of the sand basin in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is that: a silt management structure of a sandy river hydropower station comprises a sand washing building, a silt bypass tunnel and a water inlet of the hydropower station;
the sand flushing building is arranged at the upstream of the dam or on the dam body of the dam;
the silt bypass tunnel is arranged on the left bank or the right bank of the reservoir and on the left bank or the right bank of the river channel;
the water inlet of the power station is positioned at the upstream of the dam or arranged on the dam body of the dam;
the sediment reservoir section is arranged in the reservoir and is positioned between the inlet of the sediment bypass tunnel and the water inlet of the power station;
the water transfer tunnel is arranged downstream of the power station water inlet.
In the technical scheme, the sand washing building comprises a sand washing gate and a low-elevation sand washing bottom hole or tunnel.
In the technical scheme, the silt bypass tunnel is provided with a silt bypass tunnel inlet and a silt bypass tunnel outlet;
the inlet of the silt bypass tunnel is arranged in the middle or at the tail of the reservoir; the outlet of the silt bypass tunnel is arranged at the downstream of the dam.
In the technical scheme, the silt bypass tunnel is a non-pressure flow tunnel or a pressure flow tunnel, so that the risk of clogging of the tunnel is reduced;
the section form of silt bypass tunnel is horseshoe-shaped.
In the technical scheme, the silt bypass tunnel is a tunnel capable of discharging bed load or a tunnel only discharging suspended load;
when silt bypass tunnel is the tunnel that can excrete the bed load, sediment weir or guide wall set up in silt bypass tunnel import department or set up the low reaches at silt bypass tunnel import.
The utility model has the advantages of as follows:
firstly, the utility model adopts the silt bypass tunnel to discharge redundant incoming water in the operation period out of the reservoir, and fully utilizes the reservoir capacity between the inlet of the silt bypass tunnel and the water inlet of the power station to carry out sand settling, thereby having good sand settling effect;
secondly, the silt bypass tunnel in the utility model is similar to the conventional flood discharge tunnel in the aspects of size, discharge capacity, flow velocity and the like, the technical difficulty is low, the construction is simple, the practicability is good, and the technical risk of constructing the huge underground desilting pond by the traditional technology is greatly reduced;
thirdly, the utility model has obvious economic benefit, taking the embodiment as an example, in the research of the hydropower station, the investment of the huge underground desilting basin is about 2.5 times of that of the silt bypass tunnel in the utility model;
fourthly, the utility model can adopt reservoir silt dispatching rules, apply a multi-threshold judgment method, monitor the operation condition of the reservoir from multiple directions, and ensure the sustainability of the effective reservoir capacity of the reservoir and the acceptable state of the silt passing through the reservoir; the utility model provides a silt management strategy that concrete engineering measure (e.g., sand washing building, silt bypass tunnel, sediment reservoir) and operation measure (arrange husky and sediment) combined together solves the silt problem of engineering from the angle of design to keep long-term sustainability, the reduction unit wearing and tearing of reservoir capacity.
In the power station that river silt volume is big, the power station quotes the flow big, the utility model discloses investment saving, the advantage in the aspect of the technical risk is little, the construction is simple is more outstanding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal plane layout diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of silt operation scheduling management according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-sand washing building, 2-dam, 3-silt bypass tunnel inlet, 4-silt bypass tunnel, 5-power station water inlet, 6-water delivery tunnel, 7-reservoir, 8-river channel, 9-sediment reservoir section and 10-silt bypass tunnel outlet.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary. While the advantages of the invention will be clear and readily appreciated by the description.
With reference to the accompanying drawings: a silt management structure of a sandy river hydropower station comprises a sand washing building 1, a silt bypass tunnel 4 and a water inlet 5 of the hydropower station;
the sand flushing building 1 is positioned at the upstream of the dam 2 or arranged at the dam body of the dam 2;
the silt bypass tunnel 4 is a drainage and sand-discharge tunnel, and is arranged on the left bank or the right bank of the reservoir 7 and the left bank or the right bank of the river channel 8;
the power station water inlet 5 is positioned at the upstream of the dam 2 or arranged at the dam body of the dam 2;
the desilting reservoir section 9 is arranged in the reservoir 7 and is positioned between the silt bypass tunnel inlet 3 and the power station water inlet 5;
the water transfer tunnel 6 is arranged downstream of the power station water inlet 5.
Furthermore, the sand washing building 1 comprises a sand washing gate, a low-elevation sand washing bottom hole or a low-elevation tunnel, and is used for reducing water level and washing sand to discharge silt deposited in a reservoir during operation.
Further, the silt bypass tunnel 4 is provided with a silt bypass tunnel inlet 3 and a silt bypass tunnel outlet 10;
the silt bypass tunnel inlet 3 is arranged in the middle or at the tail of the reservoir 7; the silt bypass tunnel outlet 10 is arranged downstream of the dam 2 (i.e. on the river 8) (as shown in figures 1 and 2).
Furthermore, the silt bypass tunnel 4 is a non-pressure flow tunnel or a pressure flow tunnel, so that the risk of clogging of the tunnel is reduced;
the section forms of the silt bypass tunnel 4 comprise an urban portal shape, a horseshoe shape and the like.
Furthermore, the silt bypass tunnel 4 is designed into a tunnel capable of discharging the bed load or a tunnel only discharging the suspended load according to the requirements of the project;
when silt bypass tunnel 4 is the tunnel that can excrete the bed load, sediment weir or guide wall set up in 3 departments of silt bypass tunnel import or set up in the low reaches of silt bypass tunnel import 3, and when silt bypass tunnel 4 is the tunnel that can excrete the bed load, silt bypass tunnel is the main entrance of bed load, and sediment weir or guide wall can be with leading-in silt bypass tunnel of bed load.
The silt management method of the silt management structure of the sandy river hydropower station of the utility model comprises the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: mounting;
installing a sediment management structure of the sandy river hydropower station, and starting to operate the sediment management structure of the sandy river hydropower station;
step two: determining whether the running time is a sandy season;
when the running time of the sediment management structure of the sediment-laden river hydropower station is in a non-sediment season, the sediment bypass tunnel 4 and the sediment flushing building 1 are both in a closed state, and the water inlet 5 of the hydropower station normally takes water for power generation; in the running state, the power station normally fetches water and generates electricity, redundant incoming water and sand of the reservoir are discharged to the downstream through the silt bypass tunnel, the flow velocity of the reservoir section between the inlet of the silt bypass tunnel and the water inlet of the power station is reduced, a sediment reservoir is formed, and the concentration of the silt passing through the power station is reduced;
when the running time of the sediment management structure of the sediment-laden river hydropower station is in a sediment-laden season, the sediment bypass tunnel 4 is opened and controlled to enter the next step; after entering a watery and sandy season, if the sand flushing triggering condition is not met, the reservoir is in a running state; if the sand-flushing triggering condition is met, the reservoir is in a sand-flushing state; after the sand flushing is finished, the reservoir returns to the running state and continues to enter the next circulation; the sand scheduling of the reservoir can continuously repeat the running state and the sand flushing state;
step three: determining whether a sand-flushing triggering condition is reached;
when the sand washing triggering condition is not met, the silt bypass tunnel 4 is in an opening control state, the power station conducts diversion power generation according to the normal diversion power generation flow, redundant incoming water carrying sand of the reservoir is discharged to the downstream through the silt bypass tunnel 4, the diversion water flow of the power station gradually sinks sand through the sand-sinking reservoir section 9, and the amount of the over-machine silt is reduced;
when the sand-washing triggering condition is met, the power station is stopped, the sand-washing building 1 is started, the reservoir 7 is opened to wash sand, and the next step is carried out until the sand-washing is finished; in a sand flushing state, the power station stops generating power, a sand flushing building is started, the reservoir water level is reduced for flushing sand or the flushing sand is opened, and the sediment deposited in the reservoir is flushed out of the reservoir; wherein, the duration time of the sand flushing state is determined according to the sand flushing capacity of the project and the amount of the reservoir sediment;
step four: restoring the running state of the reservoir;
closing the sand washing building 1, gradually storing the water in the reservoir 7, recovering the running state, normally guiding water to generate electricity, and discharging the redundant incoming water with sand to the downstream through the sediment bypass tunnel 4;
step five: and repeating the second step to the fourth step, and continuously carrying out silt management on the sandy river water power station.
Furthermore, in the third step, the sand washing triggering conditions comprise the water inflow amount of the reservoir, the sand content of the incoming water, the sediment deposition amount of the reservoir sand, the time from the last sand washing and the like;
when the sand-flushing triggering condition is met, the power station is stopped, the sand-flushing building 1 is started, and the reservoir 7 is opened to discharge sand and flush sand for the set open-discharge sand-flushing time;
the sand flushing triggering condition is a multi-threshold judgment method, and comprises that any one or combination of conditions such as the amount of inflow water of a reservoir, the sand content of the inflow water, the sediment deposition amount of the sediment of the reservoir or the time from the last sand flushing reaches a corresponding threshold, namely the sand flushing triggering condition is reached; the threshold value of each condition needs to be comprehensively determined according to factors such as reservoir capacity, incoming water and sand conditions, power station reference flow and the like.
Examples
Use now the utility model discloses it is right to be applied to the silt management of certain power station in sandy river as the embodiment the utility model discloses carry out the detailed description, it is right the utility model discloses be applied to the silt management of other sandy river power stations and have the guiding action equally.
The installed capacity of a certain hydropower station positioned in a sandy river is 1040MW, and the reservoir capacity is 507 ten thousand meters3Station quote flow 235m3The annual sand transportation amount is 1624 kilotons, and the design water head exceeds 500 m. The hydropower station is a typical hydropower station with small reservoir capacity, much silt, large flow and high water head, the silt problem is very prominent, and the hydropower station has the disadvantages of high hardness of silt particles, high and steep terrain in an engineering area, and the like. The traditional technology (namely building a large-scale underground desilting pond) is adopted, the underground desilting pond is large in scale, high in investment and very high in technology and construction risk.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the silt management structure of the sandy river hydropower station adopted in the embodiment mainly comprises: the system comprises a sand washing building 1, a dam 2, a silt bypass tunnel 4 and a power station water inlet 5; wherein the import 3 of silt bypass tunnel 4 arranges the middle section at the reservoir, and silt bypass tunnel import 3 forms sediment reservoir section 9 with the reservoir capacity of power station water inlet 5.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the silt operation scheduling rules according to an embodiment of the present invention; the reservoir of this example was operated according to the flow shown in fig. 3.
In the present embodiment, the normal reference power generation flow of the power plant is 150m3S; the water inflow of the reservoir is Q; the sandy season is 6 months to 10 months per year; setting the sand-flushing triggering condition as Q>600m3The continuous operation time of the power station in the sand-rich season exceeds 50 days, and when the continuous operation time of the power station in the sand-rich season exceeds 50 days, the reservoir is opened to discharge and flush sand 24;
the operation of this embodiment is as follows:
(1) season of sand
1) The silt bypass tunnel 4 is in an opening control state;
2) when Q is less than or equal to 150m3In/s, the station flow according to referenceQ, generating electricity;
3) when it is 150m3/s＜Q≤600m3At/s, the power station has a flow rate of 150m according to the reference3Generating electricity in terms of/s, and making surplus water (Q-150 m)3The/s) sand-carrying water is discharged to the downstream through the silt bypass tunnel 4, and the flow between the desilting reservoir sections 9 is 150m3The flow speed is correspondingly reduced compared with the incoming water of the reservoir, and the sand is gradually settled;
4) when Q is more than or equal to 600m3When the water flow is per second, the power station is stopped, the sand-flushing building 1 is opened, and the reservoir is opened to flush sand until the water flow Q is less than 600m3/s；
5) When the continuous running time exceeds 50 days, the power station is stopped, the sand-flushing building 1 is opened, and the reservoir is opened to flush sand for 24 hours;
6) after the opening and the draining are finished, the sand-flushing building 1 is gradually closed, the reservoir gradually stores the sand, the power generation is recovered, and the redundant incoming water with sand is discharged to the downstream through the silt bypass tunnel 4;
7) repeating the steps 1) to 6).
(2) Season of not much sand (11 months to the next year, 5 months)
The silt bypass tunnel 4 and the sand washing building 1 are in a closed state, and the water inlet 5 of the power station normally takes water to generate power.
And (4) conclusion: after the silt management structure of the utility model is adopted to carry out silt management, the problem of reservoir silt sedimentation of the power station is successfully solved, the machine-passing silt content is greatly reduced, and the abrasion of the hydraulic turbine unit reaches an acceptable range;
and in the research of this embodiment power station, the investment of adopting prior art's huge secret desilting pond is about the utility model provides a 2.5 times of silt bypass tunnel, consequently, adopt the utility model discloses have apparent economic benefits.
Other parts not described belong to the prior art.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a silt management structure suitable for sandy river hydropower station which characterized in that: comprises a sand washing building (1), a silt bypass tunnel (4) and a power station water inlet (5);
the sand flushing building (1) is positioned at the upstream of the dam (2) or arranged at the dam body of the dam (2);
the silt bypass tunnel (4) is arranged on the left bank or the right bank of the reservoir (7) and on the left bank or the right bank of the river channel (8);
the power station water inlet (5) is positioned at the upstream of the dam (2) or arranged at the dam body of the dam (2);
the desilting reservoir section (9) is arranged in the reservoir (7) and is positioned between the silt bypass tunnel inlet (3) and the power station water inlet (5);
the water conveyance tunnel (6) is arranged downstream of the power station water inlet (5).
2. The sediment management structure suitable for use in a sandy river hydropower station of claim 1, wherein: the sand washing building (1) comprises a sand washing gate and a low-elevation sand washing bottom hole or tunnel.
3. The sediment management structure suitable for use in a sandy river hydropower station according to claim 2, characterized in that: the silt bypass tunnel (4) is provided with a silt bypass tunnel inlet (3) and a silt bypass tunnel outlet (10);
the silt bypass tunnel inlet (3) is arranged in the middle or at the tail of the reservoir (7); the silt bypass tunnel outlet (10) is arranged at the downstream of the dam (2).
4. The sediment management structure suitable for use in a sandy river hydropower station according to claim 3, characterized in that: the silt bypass tunnel (4) is a non-pressure flow tunnel or a pressure flow tunnel;
the section of the silt bypass tunnel (4) is in a horseshoe shape.
5. The sediment management structure suitable for use in a sandy river hydropower station according to claim 4, characterized in that: the silt bypass tunnel (4) is a tunnel capable of discharging the moving matter or a tunnel only discharging the suspended matter;
when silt bypass tunnel (4) is the tunnel that can excrete the bed load, sediment weir or guide wall set up in silt bypass tunnel import (3) department or set up the low reaches in silt bypass tunnel import (3).
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