CN111718759B - Multi-stage beam plasma continuous treatment device and method for solid waste - Google Patents

Multi-stage beam plasma continuous treatment device and method for solid waste Download PDF

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CN111718759B
CN111718759B CN202010649299.9A CN202010649299A CN111718759B CN 111718759 B CN111718759 B CN 111718759B CN 202010649299 A CN202010649299 A CN 202010649299A CN 111718759 B CN111718759 B CN 111718759B
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gasification
gas
plasma
chamber
gasification furnace
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CN111718759A (en
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周鸣端
张列平
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Sichuan Xingda Jianming Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0894—Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-beam plasma continuous treatment device and a multi-beam plasma continuous treatment method for solid wastes, and the device comprises a feed hopper, a gasification furnace, a multi-beam plasma treatment assembly, a discharge assembly, a gas treatment assembly and a rack, wherein the gasification furnace is arranged on the rack, the feed hopper is communicated with the top end of the gasification furnace, the discharge assembly is communicated with the bottom end of the gasification furnace, the multi-beam plasma treatment assembly is arranged in the gasification furnace and is connected with the gas treatment assembly, the gasification furnace comprises a preheating chamber, a gasification chamber and a reaction chamber, one end of the preheating chamber is connected with the feed hopper, the other end of the preheating chamber is connected with the gasification chamber, and the space surrounding the preheating chamber and the gasification chamber in the gasification furnace is the reaction chamber. The multi-stage gasification treatment is carried out on the solid waste by adopting the relatively staggered arrangement mode of the multiple beams of plasmas, so that the gasification treatment of the solid waste is more thorough and the gasification efficiency is improved.

Description

Multi-stage beam plasma continuous treatment device and method for solid waste
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, in particular to a multi-beam plasma continuous treatment device and a treatment method for solid waste.
Background
With the improvement of the living standard of people and the high importance of people on the health condition, the domestic garbage and the medical garbage are increased rapidly. The medical waste is a waste which is generated in the professional activities of clinical treatment, health care, prevention and the like of medical institutions and has certain related hazards of space pollution, acute infection, latent pollution, corrosivity and the like. With the rapid development of medical technology, the number of people admitted to hospitals and the number of diagnosis and treatment people in China rapidly increase, medical systems and disposable medical and sanitary appliances are widely used, the generation amount of medical wastes is on the trend of increasing year by year, and huge harmless treatment of medical wastes, domestic wastes and sludge brings huge challenges. The most common garbage disposal methods at present can generate secondary pollution regardless of landfill or incineration, and the possibility of harming human health exists.
The plasma technology is different from an incineration mode, the temperature of the plasma can reach thousands of degrees centigrade, the plasma technology utilizes the characteristic that thermal plasma has higher temperature and energy density to rapidly carry out high-temperature pyrolysis on the waste, the product is a glass state inorganic substance, the generated gas is decomposed into atoms and simplest molecules through a reduction reaction in a high-temperature environment, and some toxic organic substances in the radioactive waste, particularly dioxin and furan, can be thoroughly decomposed into nontoxic small molecular substances, so that the formation of dioxin-like toxic substances can be effectively inhibited.
The existing plasma technology garbage treatment equipment basically treats garbage by means of correlation gasification of one beam of plasma or a plurality of beams of plasma, and the two beams of plasma are simultaneously acted on the garbage at the same position regardless of the mode of correlation of one beam or a plurality of beams of plasma, so that only one furnace of garbage can be treated at a time and the garbage can not continuously work, and the garbage gasification treatment efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-stage beam plasma continuous treatment device and a treatment method for solid waste, which adopt a relative staggered arrangement mode of a plurality of beams of plasmas to carry out multi-stage gasification treatment on the solid waste, lead the gasification treatment of the solid waste to be more thorough and improve the gasification efficiency, and solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-beam plasma continuous treatment device for solid wastes comprises a feed hopper, a gasification furnace, a multi-beam plasma treatment assembly, a discharge assembly, a gas treatment assembly and a rack, wherein the gasification furnace is installed on the rack, the feed hopper is communicated with the top end of the gasification furnace, the discharge assembly is communicated with the bottom end of the gasification furnace, the multi-beam plasma treatment assembly is installed in the gasification furnace and is connected with the gas treatment assembly, the gasification furnace comprises a preheating chamber, a gasification chamber and a reaction chamber, one end of the preheating chamber is connected with the feed hopper, the other end of the preheating chamber is connected with the gasification chamber, and the space in the gasification furnace, which surrounds the preheating chamber and the gasification chamber, is the reaction chamber;
the multi-stage beam plasma processing assembly comprises a plurality of multi-stage beam plasma processing units, each multi-stage beam plasma processing unit comprises a plurality of first plasma generators and a plurality of second plasma generators, the first plasma generators are uniformly installed on one side wall of the gasification furnace at intervals, the second plasma generators are uniformly installed on the other side wall of the gasification furnace at intervals, each second plasma generator is located between two adjacent first plasma generators, and a gasification cavity matched with the first plasma generators and the second plasma generators is arranged on the gasification chamber.
When the solid waste passes through the multi-stage beam plasma processing unit, the plurality of first plasma generators and the plurality of second plasma generators are alternately staggered, the plasma generators form a multi-stage beam plasma gasification processing structure from the top of the gasification furnace to the bottom, and the solid waste is sequentially subjected to multi-stage gasification processing along the falling route of the solid waste, so that the gasification processing of the solid waste is more thorough, the power of one beam of plasma generator corresponding to each stage is not required to be high, the best garbage gasification effect can be achieved, and the energy consumption is greatly saved.
Further, the top of gasifier still is equipped with the gas outlet, the gas treatment subassembly pass through exhaust duct with the gas outlet intercommunication.
The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: and the gas outlet is used for discharging hot gas of the gasification furnace into the gas treatment assembly through the gas outlet via the gas exhaust pipeline, treating the gasified gas, performing nitrogen separation, and conveying the separated nitrogen to the plasma generator for recycling.
Further, the gas treatment subassembly is including draught fan, gas treatment and separator, nitrogen gas jar and the nitrogen gas pipeline that connects gradually, the draught fan with exhaust duct connects, the one end of nitrogen gas pipeline with the nitrogen gas jar is connected, the other end of nitrogen gas pipeline with first plasma generator and second plasma generator intercommunication, install the control valve on the nitrogen gas pipeline.
The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: the separated nitrogen is conveyed to a nitrogen tank for storage through a nitrogen discharge pipe on the gas treatment and separator, and is used for providing the nitrogen for the plasma generator, the gas is recycled, and the rest gas is discharged and collected from an exhaust port.
Further, be equipped with gas vent and nitrogen discharge pipe on the gas treatment and separator, gas treatment and separator with between the nitrogen gas jar through the nitrogen discharge pipe intercommunication.
The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: the gas generated after gasification in the gasification furnace is treated by the gas treatment and separator, and the separated impurity gas is discharged through the exhaust port.
Furthermore, the preheating chamber and the gasification chamber are horn cylinders which are integrally formed, the cylinder diameter of each horn cylinder is increased from the preheating chamber to the gasification chamber, and a plurality of uniformly distributed preheating holes are formed in the preheating chamber.
The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: the hot chamber is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed preheating holes, and high-temperature gas in the furnace can preheat materials through the small holes of the preheating chamber.
Furthermore, gas guide ring bodies are arranged on two sides of the top of the gasification furnace.
The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: the purpose is to direct the hot gases produced in the gasification reaction upwards through the gas outlet and into the gas treatment assembly.
Further, a funnel-shaped discharge hole is installed at the bottom of the gasification furnace, an oscillator and a glass peephole are installed on the outer wall of the funnel-shaped discharge hole, a position sensor is further arranged on the inner wall of the funnel-shaped discharge hole, and the position sensor is located below the glass peephole.
The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: the oscillator can shake the waste residue down after starting, and the peephole is used as an access hole.
Further, the discharging assembly comprises a metal discharger, a spiral conveyor and a discharging channel communicated with the bottom end of the gasification furnace, the metal discharger is installed in the middle of the discharging channel, and the spiral conveyor is installed at the tail end of the discharging channel.
The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: the metal discharger is used for discharging glass bodies or metal waste residues, and the screw conveyor is used for discharging the rest of the light waste residues.
Further, the metal drainer comprises a metal drain pipeline and a metal drain valve, the metal drain pipeline is communicated with the discharge channel, and the metal drain valve is mounted on the metal drain pipeline;
the spiral conveyor comprises a feeding barrel, a spiral impeller, a rotating shaft and a rotating motor, wherein the spiral impeller is installed on the rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first end of the feeding barrel, the other end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the inner wall of the second end of the feeding barrel and is connected with the rotating motor, and a discharging pipe is arranged on the side wall of the second end of the feeding barrel.
The beneficial effects of the above preferred scheme are: when the rotating motor is driven, the spiral impeller rotates along with the rotating shaft, and waste residues can be extruded out of the discharging pipe.
A method for treating a solid waste by using a multi-beam plasma continuous treatment device comprises the following steps:
s1, charging solid waste: feeding solid waste to be treated into a feed hopper;
s2, starting the multi-stage beam plasma processing assembly: opening a control valve on a nitrogen pipeline, starting a first plasma generator and a second plasma generator, and sequentially gasifying fallen solid garbage by a plurality of first plasma generators and second plasma generators distributed in an up-down grading manner when the solid garbage sequentially passes through a preheating chamber and a gasification chamber;
s3, waste residue discharge: discharging the glass or metal in the gasified solid waste through a discharge channel along a metal discharge pipeline; when waste residues with the weight lighter than that of the glass body or metal are accumulated to the position sensor, the rotating motor is started, and the screw conveyor discharges the waste materials through the discharge pipe;
s4, exhaust: gas generated in the reaction chamber is discharged into the induced draft fan through the gas outlet;
s5, gas treatment and separation: and after the gas discharged into the induced draft fan is treated by gas and discharged by a separator, inputting the nitrogen into a nitrogen tank for storage and standby.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the multi-beam plasma continuous treatment device for the solid waste, the solid waste is conveyed into the gasification furnace through the feed hopper, the multi-beam plasma treatment component is started to carry out gasification treatment on the solid waste, and the gas treatment component provides inert gas for the multi-beam plasma treatment component, so that oxidation reaction in the furnace can be inhibited; discharging the medical or domestic solid waste after gasification treatment through a discharging component; when the solid waste passes through the multi-stage beam plasma processing unit, the first plasma generators and the second plasma generators are oppositely staggered from top to bottom, the plasma generators form a multi-stage beam plasma gasification processing structure from top to bottom from the top of the gasification furnace to bottom, and the solid waste is sequentially subjected to multi-stage gasification processing for multiple times along the falling route of the solid waste, so that the gasification processing of the solid waste is more thorough, the power of one plasma generator corresponding to each stage is not required to be very high, the best garbage gasification effect can be achieved, and the energy consumption is greatly saved; the nitrogen is applied to the plasma generator, so that the plasma guiding function is realized, the oxidation reaction in the furnace can be inhibited, the explosion of the gasification furnace is prevented, and the personal safety of operators is protected; the heat-insulating layer is wrapped on the periphery of the whole furnace body, so that the loss of the temperature in the furnace can be reduced, the gasification efficiency is increased, the overhigh surface temperature of the furnace body can be prevented, and the personal safety of operators is protected; the furnace body has simple structure, the peep window is arranged to facilitate observing the conditions in the furnace, and meanwhile, the peep window is also an access hole, so the maintenance is very convenient; the arrangement of the position sensor can control the spiral conveying unit to convey the waste residues, so that the waste residue conveying is carried out discontinuously, and the automatic waste material conveying is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall construction of a multi-beam plasma continuous treatment apparatus for solid waste according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the gasification furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the multi-beam plasma continuous treatment apparatus for solid waste of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the feed hopper, the preheating chamber and the gasification chamber of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-a feed hopper, 2-a gasification furnace, 201-a preheating chamber, 202-a gasification chamber, 203-a reaction chamber, 3-a multi-stage beam plasma processing assembly, 301-a first plasma generator, 302-a second plasma generator, 4-a discharging assembly, 5-a gas processing assembly, 6-a frame, 7-a gasification cavity, 8-an air outlet, 9-an exhaust pipeline, 10-an induced draft fan, 11-a gas processing and separating device, 1101-an exhaust port, 1102-a nitrogen discharging pipe, 12-a nitrogen tank, 13-a nitrogen pipeline, 14-a control valve, 15-a preheating hole, 16-a gas guide ring body, 17-a funnel type discharging port, 18-an oscillator, 19-a glass peep window, 20-a position sensor and 21-a discharging channel, 22-metal drainage pipeline, 23-metal drainage valve, 24-feeding barrel, 25-spiral impeller, 26-rotating shaft, 27-rotating motor and 28-discharging pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution:
referring to fig. 1 and 3, a multi-beam plasma continuous processing apparatus for solid waste includes a feed hopper 1, a gasification furnace 2, a multi-beam plasma processing assembly 3, a discharging assembly 4, a gas processing assembly 5 and a frame 6, wherein the gasification furnace 2 is mounted on the frame 6, the feed hopper 1 is communicated with the top end of the gasification furnace 2, the discharging assembly 4 is communicated with the bottom end of the gasification furnace 2, the multi-beam plasma processing assembly 3 is mounted in the gasification furnace 2 and is connected with the gas processing assembly 5, the gasification furnace 2 includes a preheating chamber 201, a gasification chamber 202 and a reaction chamber 203, one end of the preheating chamber 201 is connected with the feed hopper 1, the other end of the preheating chamber 201 is connected with the gasification chamber 202, and a space surrounding the preheating chamber 201 and the gasification chamber 202 in the gasification furnace 2 is the reaction chamber 203;
the multi-stage beam plasma processing assembly 3 comprises a plurality of multi-stage beam plasma processing units, each multi-stage beam plasma processing unit comprises a plurality of first plasma generators 301 and a plurality of second plasma generators 302, the first plasma generators 301 are uniformly installed on one side wall of the gasification furnace 2 at intervals, the second plasma generators 302 are uniformly installed on the other side wall of the gasification furnace 2 at intervals, each second plasma generator 302 is located between two adjacent first plasma generators 301, and a gasification cavity 7 matched with the first plasma generators 301 and the second plasma generators 302 is arranged on the gasification chamber 202.
According to the multi-beam plasma continuous treatment device for the solid waste, the solid waste is conveyed into the gasification furnace 2 through the feed hopper 1, the multi-beam plasma treatment component 3 is started to gasify the solid waste, and the gas treatment component 5 provides inert gas for the multi-beam plasma treatment component 3, so that oxidation reaction in the furnace can be inhibited; the medical or domestic solid waste after gasification treatment is discharged through a discharging component 4; when the solid waste passes through the multi-stage beam plasma processing unit, because a plurality of first plasma generators 301 and a plurality of second plasma generators 302 are alternately staggered, the plasma generators downwards form a multi-stage beam plasma gasification processing structure from the top of the gasification furnace 2, the solid waste is sequentially subjected to multi-stage gasification processing along the falling route of the solid waste, so that the solid waste is gasified and processed more thoroughly, and each stage does not need to be very high in power corresponding to one beam of plasma generator, the best garbage gasification effect can be achieved, and the energy consumption is greatly saved.
Four or more plasma generators can be selectively arranged in the middle of the gasification furnace 2 of the invention, and the plasma generators penetrate through the furnace wall and extend to the outside of the gasification chamber 202.
Referring to fig. 1, a gas outlet 8 is further disposed at the top end of the gasification furnace 2, and the gas treatment assembly 5 is communicated with the gas outlet 8 through an exhaust duct 9.
The top end of the gasification furnace 2 is also provided with a gas outlet 8, the gas outlet 8 is used for discharging hot gas of the gasification furnace 2 into the gas treatment component 5 through a gas outlet 8 via a gas exhaust pipeline 9, the gasified gas is treated and subjected to nitrogen separation, and the separated nitrogen is conveyed to the plasma generator for recycling.
Referring to fig. 1, the gas treatment assembly 5 includes an induced draft fan 10, a gas treatment and separator 11, a nitrogen tank 12 and a nitrogen pipeline 13, which are connected in sequence, the induced draft fan 10 is connected with the exhaust pipeline 9, one end of the nitrogen pipeline 13 is connected with the nitrogen tank 12, the other end of the nitrogen pipeline 13 is communicated with the first plasma generator 301 and the second plasma generator 302, and the nitrogen pipeline 13 is provided with a control valve 14.
The gas treatment and separator 11 of the gas treatment assembly 5 of the present invention employs the prior art apparatus, and the separated nitrogen is transported to the nitrogen tank 12 through the nitrogen discharge pipe 1102 of the gas treatment and separator 11 for storage, so as to provide nitrogen for the plasma generator, the gas is recycled, and the rest gas is discharged from the gas discharge port 1101 for collection.
Each plasma generator outer end all is equipped with cable connector and the interface that admits air, and the interface that admits air is used for connecting nitrogen gas pipeline 13, spouts nitrogen gas toward plasma generator the inside, and the effect of filling nitrogen gas is: plasma guiding function; the oxidation reaction in the furnace is inhibited, the gasification furnace 2 is prevented from exploding, and the personal safety of operators is protected.
Referring to fig. 1, an exhaust port 1101 and a nitrogen discharge pipe 1102 are disposed on the gas treatment and separation unit 11, and the gas treatment and separation unit 11 and the nitrogen gas tank 12 are communicated through the nitrogen discharge pipe 1102.
The gas generated by gasification in the gasification furnace 2 of the present invention is removed through the gas outlet 1101, and the impurity gas is treated and separated by the gas treatment and separation unit 11.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the preheating chamber 201 and the vaporizing chamber 202 are formed as an integrally formed trumpet, the diameter of the trumpet increases from the preheating chamber 201 to the vaporizing chamber 202, and the preheating chamber 201 is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed preheating holes 15.
The preheating chamber 201 and the gasification chamber 202 are formed into a horn cylinder in an integrated mode, a plurality of uniformly distributed preheating holes 15 are formed in the preheating chamber 201, and high-temperature gas in the furnace can preheat materials through the preheating holes 15 of the preheating chamber 201.
Referring to fig. 2, gas guide ring bodies 16 are disposed on both sides of the top of the gasification furnace 2.
The upper part of the gasification furnace 2 of the invention is provided with a gas guide ring body 16 along the circumference of the inner wall of the furnace, which aims to guide the hot gas generated in the gasification reaction upwards and discharge the hot gas into the gas processing component 5 through the gas outlet 8.
The outer wall of the gasification furnace 2 is provided with the heat preservation layer, so that the temperature loss in the furnace can be reduced, the gasification efficiency is increased, the surface temperature of the furnace body can be prevented from being overhigh, and the personal safety of operators is protected.
Referring to fig. 1, a funnel-shaped discharge hole 17 is installed at the bottom of the gasification furnace 2, an oscillator 18 and a glass peep window 19 are installed on the outer wall of the funnel-shaped discharge hole 17, a position sensor 20 is further arranged on the inner wall of the funnel-shaped discharge hole 17, and the position sensor 20 is located below the glass peep window 19.
The oscillator 18 of the present invention can shake the waste slag down after being started, and the peep hole is used as an access hole.
The oscillator 18 is arranged at the side position of the outer wall of the furnace body, the middle of the peep window is provided with round high-temperature-resistant glass, and the peep window is used for observing the gasification condition in the reaction chamber 203, the accumulation condition of the treated waste residues and can be used as an access hole.
Referring to fig. 1, the discharging assembly 4 includes a metal discharger, a screw conveyor, and a discharging channel 21 communicated with the bottom end of the gasification furnace 2, the metal discharger is installed in the middle of the discharging channel 21, and the screw conveyor is installed at the end of the discharging channel 21.
The invention is provided with two drainage channels, the metal drainer is used for draining glass bodies or metal waste residues, and the screw conveyor is used for draining other light waste residues.
The uses of the position sensor 20 are: vitreous body or metal waste residue discharge back, all the other lighter waste residues are then slowly piled up at auger delivery ware, when the waste residue is piled up to position sensor 20, start auger delivery ware and transport away the waste material, transport and finish and pause auger delivery ware, wait to pile up this circulation work again when position sensor 20 department if the waste residue continues, ejection of compact automatic control has been realized, pile up waste residue self-adaptation and gasification furnace 2 continuous operation, if the waste residue is piled up in the reacting chamber 203 bottom and when not leaking down, then start oscillator 18, shake the waste residue and fall down, wherein relevant technical scheme just have prior art can, no longer describe repeatedly.
Referring to fig. 1, the metal drainer includes a metal drain pipe 22 and a metal drain valve 23, the metal drain pipe 22 is communicated with the discharging channel 21, and the metal drain valve 23 is installed on the metal drain pipe 22;
the metal drain pipe 22 can drain accumulated glass or metal slag after the metal drain valve 23 of the present invention is opened.
The screw conveyor comprises a feeding barrel 24, a screw impeller 25, a rotating shaft 26 and a rotating motor 27, wherein the screw impeller 25 is installed on the rotating shaft 26, one end of the rotating shaft 26 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first end of the feeding barrel 24, the other end of the rotating shaft 26 penetrates through the inner wall of the second end of the feeding barrel 24 to be connected with the rotating motor 27, and a discharging pipe 28 is arranged on the side wall of the second end of the feeding barrel 24.
When the rotary motor 27 is started, the spiral impeller 25 rotates along with the rotating shaft 26, and waste residues can be extruded out to the discharge pipe 28.
A method for treating a solid waste by using a multi-beam plasma continuous treatment device comprises the following steps:
s1, charging solid waste: the solid waste to be treated is fed into the feed hopper 1.
S2, starting the multi-beam plasma processing assembly 3: opening a control valve 14 on a nitrogen pipeline 13, starting a first plasma generator 301 and a second plasma generator 302, and sequentially gasifying fallen solid garbage by a plurality of first plasma generators 301 and second plasma generators 302 distributed in an up-and-down graded manner when the solid garbage sequentially passes through the preheating chamber 201 and the gasification chamber 202;
and opening a nitrogen valve, starting the operation of the plasma generator, injecting the generated plasma into the gasification cavity 7, enabling the solid waste to enter the gasification chamber 202 to the first-stage gasification cavity 7, performing first plasma gasification treatment, then falling to the second-stage gasification cavity 7, performing second plasma gasification treatment … until the last-stage gasification cavity 7 is subjected to last plasma gasification treatment, and thoroughly gasifying the garbage after the falling solid waste is subjected to multiple times of plasma treatment from top to bottom.
S3, waste residue discharge: discharging the glass or metal in the gasified solid waste through a discharge channel 21 along a metal discharge pipeline 22; when waste slag with a weight lighter than that of glass or metal is accumulated to the position sensor 20, the rotating motor 27 is started, and the screw conveyor discharges waste materials through the discharge pipe 28;
s4, exhaust: gas generated in the reaction chamber 203 is discharged into the induced draft fan 10 through the gas outlet 8;
gas generated in the process of gasifying the solid waste can be guided to the gas outlet 8 through the gas guide ring body 16, high-temperature gas passes through the preheating chamber 201, heat is transferred to the garbage in the preheating chamber 201 through the preheating hole 15 of the preheating chamber 201 and the pipe wall of the preheating chamber 201, the solid waste can be preheated to a certain extent in advance, the heat energy is recycled, the gasification efficiency is improved, the electric energy consumption is reduced, and the gas generated in the gasification chamber 202 due to gasification can be discharged to the gas outlet 8 through the preheating hole 15 of the preheating chamber 201, so that the gas cannot leak from the feed inlet outwards, secondary pollution is prevented, and a cover plate can be arranged at the feed inlet of the feed hopper 1.
S5, gas treatment and separation: after the gas discharged into the induced draft fan 10 is treated by the gas and discharged from the separator 11, the nitrogen is input into a nitrogen tank 12 for storage and standby.
The induced draft fan 10 leads the gas in the gasification furnace 2 to the gas treatment and separator 11 for treatment and nitrogen separation, and the separated nitrogen is conveyed to the nitrogen tank 12 for storage through the nitrogen discharge pipe 1102 on the gas treatment and separator so as to provide nitrogen for the plasma generator.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A multi-beam plasma continuous treatment device for solid waste, characterized in that: comprises a feed hopper (1), a gasification furnace (2), a multi-stage beam plasma processing component (3), a discharge component (4), a gas processing component (5) and a frame (6), the gasification furnace (2) is arranged on the frame (6), the feed hopper (1) is communicated with the top end of the gasification furnace (2), the discharging component (4) is communicated with the bottom end of the gasification furnace (2), the multi-stage beam plasma processing component (3) is arranged in the gasification furnace (2) and is connected with the gas processing component (5), the gasification furnace (2) comprises a preheating chamber (201), a gasification chamber (202) and a reaction chamber (203), one end of the preheating chamber (201) is connected with the feed hopper (1), the other end of the preheating chamber (201) is connected with the gasification chamber (202), the space surrounding the preheating chamber (201) and the gasification chamber (202) in the gasification furnace (2) is the reaction chamber (203);
the multi-stage beam plasma processing assembly (3) comprises a plurality of multi-stage beam plasma processing units, each multi-stage beam plasma processing unit comprises a plurality of first plasma generators (301) and a plurality of second plasma generators (302), the first plasma generators (301) are uniformly installed on one side wall of the gasification furnace (2) at intervals, the second plasma generators (302) are uniformly installed on the other side wall of the gasification furnace (2) at intervals, each second plasma generator (302) is located between two adjacent first plasma generators (301), and a gasification cavity (7) matched with the first plasma generators (301) and the second plasma generators (302) is arranged on the gasification chamber (202);
the top end of the gasification furnace (2) is also provided with a gas outlet (8), and the gas treatment assembly (5) is communicated with the gas outlet (8) through an exhaust pipeline (9);
gas treatment subassembly (5) are including draught fan (10), gas treatment and separator (11), nitrogen gas jar (12) and nitrogen gas pipeline (13) that connect gradually, draught fan (10) with exhaust duct (9) are connected, the one end of nitrogen gas pipeline (13) with nitrogen gas jar (12) are connected, the other end of nitrogen gas pipeline (13) with first plasma generator (301) and second plasma generator (302) intercommunication, install control valve (14) on nitrogen gas pipeline (13).
2. The apparatus for continuous processing of solid waste by multi-beam plasma according to claim 1, wherein: be equipped with gas vent (1101) and nitrogen discharging pipe (1102) on gas treatment and separator (11), gas treatment and separator (11) with pass through between nitrogen gas jar (12) nitrogen discharging pipe (1102) intercommunication.
3. The apparatus for continuous processing of solid waste by multi-beam plasma according to claim 1, wherein: the preheating chamber (201) and the gasification chamber (202) are horn cylinders which are integrally formed, the cylinder diameter of each horn cylinder is increased from the preheating chamber (201) to the gasification chamber (202), and a plurality of uniformly distributed preheating holes (15) are formed in the preheating chamber (201).
4. The apparatus for continuous processing of solid waste by multi-beam plasma according to claim 1, wherein: gas guide ring bodies (16) are arranged on two sides of the top of the gasification furnace (2).
5. The apparatus for continuous processing of solid waste by multi-beam plasma according to claim 1, wherein: the gasifier is characterized in that a funnel-shaped discharge hole (17) is installed at the bottom of the gasifier (2), an oscillator (18) and a glass peeping window (19) are installed on the outer wall of the funnel-shaped discharge hole (17), a position sensor (20) is further arranged on the inner wall of the funnel-shaped discharge hole (17), and the position sensor (20) is located below the glass peeping window (19).
6. The apparatus for continuous processing of solid waste by multi-beam plasma according to claim 1, wherein: the discharging assembly (4) comprises a metal discharger, a screw conveyor and a discharging channel (21) communicated with the bottom end of the gasification furnace (2), the metal discharger is installed in the middle of the discharging channel (21), and the screw conveyor is installed at the tail end of the discharging channel (21).
7. The apparatus for continuous processing of solid waste by multi-beam plasma according to claim 6, wherein: the metal drainer comprises a metal drainage pipeline (22) and a metal drainage valve (23), the metal drainage pipeline (22) is communicated with the discharging channel (21), and the metal drainage valve (23) is arranged on the metal drainage pipeline (22);
the spiral conveyor comprises a feeding barrel (24), a spiral impeller (25), a rotating shaft (26) and a rotating motor (27), wherein the spiral impeller (25) is installed on the rotating shaft (26), one end of the rotating shaft (26) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first end of the feeding barrel (24), the other end of the rotating shaft (26) penetrates through the inner wall of the second end of the feeding barrel (24) and is connected with the rotating motor (27), and a discharging pipe (28) is arranged on the side wall of the second end of the feeding barrel (24).
8. A method for treating a solid waste by using a multi-stage beam plasma continuous treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, charging solid waste: feeding solid waste to be treated into a feed hopper (1);
s2, starting the multi-stage beam plasma processing assembly (3): opening a control valve (14) on a nitrogen pipeline (13), starting a first plasma generator (301) and a second plasma generator (302), and sequentially gasifying the fallen solid garbage by a plurality of first plasma generators (301) and second plasma generators (302) distributed in an up-and-down grading manner when the solid garbage sequentially passes through a preheating chamber (201) and a gasification chamber (202);
s3, waste residue discharge: discharging glass bodies or metals in the gasified solid waste through a discharging channel (21) along a metal discharging pipeline (22); when waste slag with the weight lighter than that of glass bodies or metal is accumulated to the position sensor (20), the rotating motor (27) is started, and the screw conveyor discharges waste materials through a discharge pipe (28);
s4, exhaust: gas generated in the reaction chamber (203) is discharged into a draught fan (10) through a gas outlet (8);
s5, gas treatment and separation: after the gas discharged into the induced draft fan (10) is treated by gas and discharged by a separator (11), nitrogen is input into a nitrogen tank (12) for storage and standby.
CN202010649299.9A 2020-07-08 2020-07-08 Multi-stage beam plasma continuous treatment device and method for solid waste Active CN111718759B (en)

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