WO2018142211A1

WO2018142211A1 - Device for treating coal and domestic wastes

Info

Publication number: WO2018142211A1
Application number: PCT/IB2018/000048
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tserendash ARIUNBAT
Original assignee: Ariunbat Tserendash
Priority date: 2017-02-01
Filing date: 2018-02-01
Publication date: 2018-08-09
Also published as: CN110546240A

Abstract

The present invention relates to obtain syngas and its by products from coal, domestic wastes, sludge, and all other combustible wastes by fast pyrolysis at high temperature. Screw shaped thin structure is welded on outside wall of outer reactor tube as well as inside wall of inner reactor tube in order to enhance heat exchange of the reactor. The inner reactor tube rotates while outer reactor tube is stationary. High temperature fire flowed through inner reactor tube as start, after fire moved out from that, the fire flow makes U turn and flow back through outer annulus of the pyrolysis reactor. Therefore, substantiality of this new invention, that the heat is homogeneously transferred 360° of the device. In other words, annular pyrolysis reactor heated from inside in beginning and then from outside. Furthermore, a flexible screw is fixed on outer wall of reactor tube, which pushes feeding material along the reactor tube. Pyrolysis reactor body has ceramic wool insulator to keep high temperature in reactor. Annular reactor is placed inside the reactor body and annulus profile is created between them. In result, advantage of this invented device is annular reactor is heated from all side and heat energy is used very efficiently.

Description

DEVICE FOR TREATING COAL AND DOMESTIC WASTES

Field of the invention The present invention relates to obtain syngas and its side products from coal, domestic wastes, sludge, and all other combustible wastes by fast pyrolysis at high temperature. The device technical name is ABBAT-01.

Background of the Invention

ABBT-01 device belongs to reprocess all kind of combustible recycling wastes by thermochemical method.

Combustible wastes are remained after primary usage, which is called all kind of combustible wastes such as coal, paper, plastics, plastic bags, elastics, bones, food remains, feces, fabrics, leather, synthetic leather, petroleum wastes. Furthermore, industrial and medical combustible wastes also include in all kind combustible wastes. Solid wastes are collected and then placed in open field of waste disposal point, after that, sometimes they are burned or buried.

Environmental pollution is formed when solids or any wastes are placed in open field, in other words they are polluted water and soil of the waste disposal area. Air pollution is formed when the solid wastes are burned. Soil pollution is formed when they are buried into land, even sometimes they create hazardous chemical components by reacting each other or degrading. Therefore, the solid wastes became a resource of environmental pollution which is a big problem.

In order to solve this problem, the solid wastes should be reprocessed and produced valuable things. One method to reprocess solid wastes is thermochemical degradation of solid waste. Many developed countries such as Francy, Germany, USA, and Sweden have been successfully reprocessing the solid wastes by thermochemical degradation method. For example: Organic waste is disinfected and reprocessed by thermochemical method by means of moving bed furnace 2456507; Moving device for waste burning 2442931 ; Spirajoule®- Pyrolysis device, US7758907 B2; Rotating furnace for degrading domestic wastes 2477819; Municipal wastes recycling devices 2292515; Waste reprocessing method and device for its utilization 2267707; Bio Therm Canada; RTP Canada; Rotating Cone Holland; BioLiq Germany; BTO Germany; Advanced Biorefinery Inc Canada; Agri THERM Limited Canada.

Aforementioned currently utilizing devices for recycling and reprocessing wastes are divided into two general methods: 1. Continuous fast pyrolysis method 2. Discontinuous slow high temperature pyrolysis method

In comparison these two methods, the slow pyrolysis method is a conventional method and degrading process is very slow, first feeding material is degraded at begging low temperature then again degraded by creating hazardous side products at high temperature due to slow process. The hazardous components included dioxins and furan emitted as by products, these are disadvantage of slow pyrolysis method. Furthermore, the productivity is very small due to feeding should be waited until previous loading is processed until done.

Raw material entered into reactor at 750-1200°C during fast pyrolysis method and there could not create hazardous components such as dioxin and furan due to fast rice temperature. Additionally, a big advantage of continuous pyrolysis method is productivity is high because of continuous feeding or processing.

We can picture the slow pyrolysis like water poured into a vessel with room temperature, but fast pyrolysis like water poured into a vessel at higher than boiling temperature.

Fast pyrolysis method has been started to develop late 1990 and currently positioned on its first generation. The disadvantage of fast pyrolysis method is that the processing line is blocked during process, produced large amount of by-products of volatile gases, and pipeline fouled by condensation. However, filter is mounted inside the line, but still the line is blocked. Following 2 methods are applied in order to overcome the blocking problem: 1. Mixed gas is decomposed by high temperature induction

2. Secondary decomposition by hot plasma

These two methods have same disadvantages which is usage of electricity is very high.

Fast pyrolysis reactor structure can be fabricated by two ways: 1. Feeding enters from top of vertical tube like feed landed on hot bed and created ash will continuously move out. Thick layer is created when large amount of feeding material will fall on hot bed. The thick layer could not heat up to high temperature faster. Because of this decomposing of feeding material is slow, and this is a big disadvantage of this process. Therefore, recently used a high temperature sand to increase heat transfer of the layer. 2. Rotating screw is placed on horizontal pipe which is heated on fire. Material is fed from one side of the hot pipe and rotation of screw will deliver the material to other side of the hot pipe. The fed material is gradually decomposed along the pipe and the final product moved out as ash from end of pipe.

Second method is broadly utilized in real life and we can see the devices from following links: http://www.spiraioulena.com/about-us;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XezrOuWKOxQ;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBiUBmYPsrs;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v^::=NoNJ gEBVOO:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=^:XezrOuWKQxO;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XezrQuWKQxQ

Heat transfer of second methods is given only from out of wall by convection in order to reach high temperature. In other words, feeding material is also heated up only from one side. This is a disadvantage for second method.

High temperature heat is flowed through the reactor annulus in order to heat up the reactor. Because of this, the heat energy could not be used sufficiently. Furthermore, the annulus between reactor and outer cover profile has varied and reactor material constructed from very large amount of metal. We have invented a high efficient novel high temperature fast pyrolysis reactor ABBAT-01 to overcome the all aforementioned disadvantages.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, high temperature fast pyrolysis device consisted of classifying-dosing inlet section, pyrolysis reactor, and dosing out sections is comprising the following features:

- Feeding material and wastes are receiving, crushing, classifying, and entering section 1 ,

- Dosing-entering section 2, here feeding material from entering section 1 is dosing and entering in pyrolysis reactor 3,

- Ash and other remaining of pyrolysis reactor 3 are classifying and withdrawing section 4, - Gas mixtures processing section 7-1 1 ,

- Withdrawal of dosing-entering section 2 is connected with pyrolysis reactor 3. This 3 connected with fire blower 6, which placed inside of outer pipe 22 of pyrolysis reactor, inner pipe or fire pipe 24 is placed along horizontal line of reactor and rotated by electric motor 23, and heat transfer screw 25 and feed transferring screw 26 are mounted on outside wall of inner fire pipe 24, but fire distributing screw 27 is welded on inside wall of inner fire pipe 24. Withdrawal of fire from inner fire pipe 24 is traveled back through between reactor body 28 and reactor outer pipe 22 and moved out through hot air withdrawal pipe 29.

According to another embodiment of the present invention the vertical separating barrier is mounted inside wall of outer body 28 to separate between fire withdrawing outlet and hot air withdrawing outlet.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the ball bearings 30 are installed on two end of inside pipe or fire pipe 24.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the outer body of devices 28 is assembled by construction and inside part is covered by insulation material 31. Outer pipe of reactor 22 and hot air withdrawing pipe 29 are mounted on outer body of reactor. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the tsBter 22 and inner 24 pipe of rractar, feed iPaisferoug screw 26, and fire homogeneous distributing screw are tnade of fireproof :: !¾n;ess sieei with grace pf OB 1T245S.

According ·» another eniixidiinen; of the resent iiTvepiion, ixigh iera er&tiHfc a r of gas rmxrure is.^' eotsdeitsaied lo ftijuid h spinning separaiof at iil¾sr- 7 and e yckme S, And ifie separated gas hase arse through scrubber an water spraye In order to separate heavy trtetais.

According to .an«her .«BjbtKfiine«f of the .present its-vemkra, the centrtfugiii s:pin«mg filter 7 is designed as stoB! cylinder with holes, bottom of cylinder is covered, but top iif ev tindor is opened, verdcai hmi d gas separator ! with Ml beatingi^'M piaeed in n\ mid deetric trxeiof 25 is HUwrticd m it. Dixsts are kiruekad back end ga¾ r dxBiw, vapor, and smokes sxa flowed out through upper gas with rawal Stole.

According to gncriher eanbodiment of she present xoveaiior;, lbs excess heat m '«d, out from hot air wif¼ir»wal pipe 29 and i used ipc drying and heat resources for next

Otter etnbodaneiiis of the present disclosure are iuchided its the detaxied description and the tirawisKgs.

Eifeeis ^f ths iisseita^.'d di iui-e^' aie oot Jxnnted to the eiiects iUusinried above, and mo;¾ various etleets are include in th ^■ present. spedifcjxtiop.

Detail d Di.pseripiiofi ai^'th Em ediments

The novel^■reactor is developer! based oo fol lowing phydcal principles:

lieat energy is distrib ted all around 360 degrees. Therefore, screw shaped thin structure is welded otx Ottter wail of high reniperaPire- sieel ttxfce reactor in order to enhance head exchange of the reactor. Also flexible sc e conveyor is designed on the outer wall of stesi pipe. This flexi le screw will push reaesjrsg; tnatss'inx aloxtg the reactor pads as well a enhance the hem transfer. Th reactor outermost tyiinde.r has utsoiaied by ceramic wooi in order to keep the high tcxppxsraxure of the reactor. Therefore, stintute .profile v?.bexe reaction is happexiing, is heat up ffoui inside at the satne

from outside. In the other words, pyrolysis annul us heated up from all side and the process is very high efficient. This advantage is exposed a novelty for pyrolysis reactor.

Feeding material enters into annulus of outer and center pipe while high temperature fire flows inside of center pipe and continuously moved out and flow back through between outer cover of device and outside pipe of reactor. Later flow of high temperature fire provides extra heat source. In other words, reaction annulus heats up from inside cavity as well as from outside annulus along the reactor length. Therefore, this reactor is more energy efficient and novelty than current similar reactors.

Additionally, a screw is mounted inside central steel pipe, which creates a spiral path for high temperature fire causing homogeneous heating along pipe length. Also this will increase heat transfer by turbulence of fire flow and increase fire path than reactor without screw.

Similar working principle is found in ETIA group technology of France. However, screw is heated up using electricity in this technology. So, create and heat transfer principles are significantly big different than our technology. Spirajoule® US 7758907 B2

Another disadvantage of fast pyrolysis is large amount of volatile substances come out with syngas. We have designed a spinning separator or filter on gas withdrawal which can solve this disadvantage.

Spinning filter is created based on centrifugal force. Many holes are made on steel pipe and bottom of the steel pipe is closed. Bearing with gas and heat insulator is placed in steel pipe perpendicular to the pipe wall, as shown in Figure 3. Electric motor is placed on the top of this steel pipe to spin it. Volatile substances and particles kicked away and gases mixture, vapor, and smoke are moved out through upper gas withdrawing hole.

General principles are explained regarding to schematic Figure 1 of invented device. Complex high temperature fast pyrolysis device decomposes coal, domestic solid waste, domestic sludge, and combustible all kind of wastes which is comprised of following parts: Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic figure of High temperature fast pyrolysis device for coal and domestic waste processing.

Figure 2 is a schematic figure of pyrolysis reactor. Figure 3 is a spinning filter. Reference signs:

1. Classification-entering section

2. Measuring-entering section

3. Pyrolysis reactor

4. Measuring- withdrawing section

5. Heat exchanger of reactor excess heat

6. Fire blower

7. Spinning filter

8. Cyclone

9. Liquid separation from gas liquid mixture by condensation

10. Cooler of condensator

1 1. Scrubber or separation of heavy elements by water spraying

12. Domestic solid waste container

13. Septic tank (sludge digester) and liquid separation from dirty water

14. Coal filtering section of dirty water which come from septic tank

15. Ultraviolet emission disinfection section of coal filtered water.

16. Solid waste crusher

17. Crushed materials container

18. Wood and wooden materials crusher

19. Crushed wooden materials storing container

20. Coal crusher

21. Crushed coal container 22. Reactor outer pipe

23. Electric motor

24. Reactor inner pipe

25. Heat transfer screw

26. Feed transferring screw

27. Fire distributing screw

28. Outer body

29. Hot air withdrawal pipe

30. Gas insulating ball bearing

31. Heat insulation material

32. Product outlet

33. Gas withdrawal pipe

34. Feeding materials inlet

35. Electric motor

36. Ball bearing

37. Outer body

38. Cooling water tank

39. Water cooler

40. Gas withdrawal pipe

41. Insulator

42. Spinning filter

Technological processes are divided in 3 steps, as showing in Figure 1.

1. Preparation stage

2. Pyrolysis stage

3. Processing of gas mixture

1. Preparation stage: Several stages are included in this stage such as combustible materials and wastes are received, broke down, and gathered in container for next step, they are following: Wood and wooden materials section. Wood and wooden materials are broken down by crusher 18 and moved into container 19 by means of screw. They prepared for pyrolysis stage in this stage and will move into it by flexible screw.

Coal section. Coals are broken down by crusher 20 and gathered in container 21 by flexible screw. They prepared for pyrolysis stage in this step and will move into it by flexible screw.

Domestic solid wastes. Domestic solid wastes are broken down by crusher 16 and gathered in container 17 by flexible screw. They prepared for pyrolysis stage in this step and will move into it by flexible screw.

Domestic dirty water. Domestic sludge with water is collected in container 12. From here, the domestic dirty water enters in septic system and separated solids from water. Solid parts are prepared for pyrolysis stage in this stage and will move into it by flexible screw.

Filter by coal. The separated water from domestic dirty water of septic 13 is filtered through coal filter 14. Then the used coal will move to pyrolysis stage.

2. Pyrolysis stage. Here received materials from previous stage and burn them completely. The following sub stages are included:

Classification-entering section. This section has 5 inlets on the side to receive feeding materials and 2 outlets on the bottom. The section will cooperate with dosing section.

Dosing-entering section. Material from classification-entering section 1 is transferred by screw to pyrolysis reactor with measured amount. Screw speed will controlled based on pyrolysis reactor 3 processing rate. Gas blocking barriers are mounted on the beginning and ending of this section, which will prevent from gas leakage when feeding material enters in pyrolysis reactor.

Pyrolysis reactor. This pyrolysis reactor 3 is heart of this device and a novel machine of this device. The reactor is homogeneously heated up from all side of reactor as described earlier. Feeding material will encounter at high temperature in very short time in this pyrolysis reactor. Result in, created gas mixture and other side products, e.g. the pyrolysis reactor is a very crucial part of the device. More description of pyrolysis reactor will find in Figure 2.

Classifying-exiting section. In this section, withdrawal of reaction product ash from the reactor is controlled screw. Gas blocking hydro barriers are created in the beginning and ending of this section, which will prevent gas leakage as well as gas move in when ash out of pyrolysis reactor.

Heat exchanger section of reactor. In this section, water is heated up using excess high temperature air of reaction.

Fire blower. Fire blower provides a fire in pyrolysis reactor. Liquefied gas is used in fire blower in the beginning of process, but then gas mixture which is produced by pyrolysis reactor. 3. Processing of gas mixture. In this section, synthetic gas is separated from gas mixture which are created by pyrolysis reaction, the gas mixture was contained many gases such as water vapor, sulfur, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.

The following processes are included in this section:

Spinning filter 7 as shown in figure 3, gas mixture is created by fast pyrolysis and moved out together water vapor and other gases even fine ash particles. They precipitated on wall of steel pipe and cause blockage of pipe. We had worked on a new device in order to overcome this problem.

Cyclone 8. As spinning separator, cyclone 8 will separate gas from fine solid particles.

Liquid phase separation from gas phase by condensation. In this section, water vapor and other liquids condensate as liquid and only gases will travel further. Here, gas mixture enters in condensator at high temperature and leaves at low temperature.

Condensation device has pipes inside of body. Between pipes or inside of device body will run cooling water. But hot gas mixture will run inside of pipes and get cooled down. In order to increase gas path inside of steel pipe, we designed a steel screw on inner wall of the pipe. First of all, all vapor of hot gas mixture will be completely condensated by means of longer path of the hot gas mixture through the pipe that means temperature of the mixture was lower than current technology. Second, the screw enhances heat exchange of the pipe. Condensated liquid phase and water from condensator are collected in lower container. Liquefied fuel and other products will obtain from the liquid mixture by distilling and filtering.

Condensator cooler 10. Condensator cooler cools down hot water in radiator. The cold water of condensator cooler is continuously run by circulation pump.

Scrubber and separate heavy metals from gas mixture by spraying water 1 1. Scrubber is comprised of two filtering sections. 1. Scrubber venture filters furan, heavy metals, and dioxin from gas mixture when they flow together through narrow pipe with 3% alkaline solution. Cyclone venture contains solution container, spinning pump, and cone like cyclone which is merged on top. 2. Vertical steel pipes of simple scrubber spill water down while gas mixture flows up and separated heavy elements and dioxin. The simple scrubber contains water tank, spinning pump, and cylinder like body.

After the aforementioned processes we can obtain useful clean gas mixture.

Pyrolysis reactor. Figure 2 Pyrolysis reactor is consisted of feeding pipe 1, product outlet pipe 2, gas outlet pipe 3, hot air outlet pipe 4, fire blower 5, gas blocking ball bearing 6, outside body 7, feeding material transferring screw 8, fire distributing screw 9, electric generator 10, outside pipe of reactor 11, inside pipe of reactor 12, and heat insulating material 13.

Outside body 7 is made of constructed simple sheet and insulated by insulation materials 13. Reactor outside pipe 1 1 and hot air withdrawal pipe 4 are mounted on reactor body.

Feeding material entering pipe 1 , product withdrawal pipe 2 and gas withdrawal pipe 3 are mounted on outside reactor pipe. These pipes are made by fireproof stainless steel with grade of GB/T12459.

Feed transferring screw 8 inside of reactor outer pipe 1 1 is mounted on inner pipe of reactor 12. The 12 is assembled with the 1 1 using ball bearing 6. Inner pipe of reactor is made by fireproof stainless steel with grade of GB/T12459. Screw of feeding material is also made by fireproof steel sheets.

Fire distributing screw 9 is placed inside of inner pipe of reactor. This screw is also made by fireproof steel sheets. Fire blower blows fire into inner pipe of reactor. Inside screw of reactor inner pipe homogeneously distributes fire on pipe. Excess heat moved out from the inner pipe and filled out left side of reactor then consequently moved from left to right providing more heat to reactor on outside wall of reactor. The reactor heated up from inside as well as outside, it implies reactor is heated from both side and in other words heated up faster and homogeneously. Therefore, annulus with feed transferring screw is fast heated up to 700-1000°C from center and outer. This is the advantage of this device.

All used heat is moved out from hot air withdrawal pipe 4 then run through heat exchanger result in heats water and warm air will move out through exhausting pipe. Water are heated by hot air which was out of main process, is efficient method to use excess energy. Furnace is preheated to certain temperature before start process, then turn on the device for checking, and after that the feeds will enter in appropriate amount into inlet pipe and is delivered to pyrolysis reactor.

Claims

Claims of the invention

1. High temperature fast pyrolysis device consisted of classifying-dosing inlet section, pyrolysis reactor, and dosing out sections comprising the following features:

- Feeding material and wastes are receiving, crushing, classifying, and entering section 1 - Dosing-entering section 2, here feeding material from entering section 1 is dosing and entering in pyrolysis reactor 3

- Ash and other remaining of pyrolysis reactor 3 are classifying and withdrawing section 4

- Gas mixtures processing section 7-1 1

- Withdrawal of dosing-entering section 2 is connected with pyrolysis reactor 3, this 3 connected with fire blower 6, which placed inside of outer pipe 22 of pyrolysis reactor, inner pipe or fire pipe

24 is placed along horizontal line of reactor and rotated by electric motor 23, and heat transfer screw 25 and feed transferring screw 26 are mounted on outside wall of inner fire pipe 24, but fire distributing screw 27 is welded on inside wall of inner fire pipe 24, withdrawal of fire from inner fire pipe 24 is traveled back through between reactor body 28 and reactor outer pipe 22 and moved out through hot air withdrawal pipe 29.

2. High temperature fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1 , wherein the vertical separating barrier is mounted inside wall of outer body 28 to separate between fire withdrawing outlet and hot air withdrawing outlet.

3. High temperature fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the ball bearings 30 are installed on two end of inside pipe or fire pipe 24.

4. High temperature fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the outer body of devices 28 is assembled by construction and inside part is covered by insulation material 31. Outer pipe of reactor 22 and hot air withdrawing pipe 29 are mounted on outer body of reactor.

5. High temperature fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the outer 22 and inner 24 pipe of reactor, feed transferring screw 26, and fire homogeneous distributing screw are made of fireproof stainless steel with grade of GB/T12459.

6. High temperature fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature vapor of gas mixture is condensated to liquid by spinning separator or filter 7 and cyclone 8. And the separated gas phase passed through scrubber and water sprayer in order to separate heavy metals.

7. High temperature fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1 and 6, wherein centrifugal spinning filter 7 is designed as steel cylinder with holes, bottom of cylinder is covered, but top of cylinder is opened, vertical heat and gas separator 41 with ball bearing 36 placed in it, and electric motor 35 is mounted on it. Dusts are knocked back and gas mixture, vapor, and smokes are flowed out through upper gas withdrawal hole.

8. High temperature fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the excess heat moved out from hot air withdrawal pipe 29 and is used for drying and heat resources for next.