CN111710747A - 一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,解决了因焊接和层压高温对太阳电池钝化效果和转换效率带来的劣化问题,属于太阳电池技术领域,制作步骤为:(1)制备硅异质结太阳能电池;(2)将硅异质结太阳电池进行串并联形成硅异质结太阳电池串;(3)铺设组件封装材料形成堆叠物;(4)将堆叠物放入层压机中,采用LED光源作为加热源进行层压制备组件,层压完成后得到硅异质结太阳电池组件;本发明通过采用LED光源作为层压加热源,在对组件进行层压的过程中同时完成对硅异质结电池片的高温下光注入处理,显著改善非晶硅对异质结太阳电池的钝化效果,提升太阳电池的转换效率,增加太阳电池组件的输出功率,同时加热快,效率高,能耗低。
Description
技术领域
一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,属于太阳电池技术领域,尤其涉及太阳电池组件制作技术。
背景技术
随着经济社会的发展,大量使用常规化石能源,导致了严重的环境污染问题,发展利用清洁能源已成为人们的共识。由于太阳能取之不尽用之不竭,清洁无污染,是未来最理想最可持续的可再生能源。太阳能电池直接将光能转变为电能,是太阳能利用的一种重要方式。目前最常用的太阳电池是以硅片为基础,通过清洗制绒、PN结制备、减反射膜制备、金属电极制备,形成太阳电池片。为了大规模利用太阳电池进行发电,需要对太阳电池进行串并联组合,制备成太阳电池组件。常规太阳能电池组件是采用焊带焊接的方式,将尺寸为210cm×210cm、166cm×166cm、156.75cm×156.75cm或125cm×125cm等规格的太阳电池片正电极和负电极互连,形成具有一定电流、电压输出的发电单元装置。目前的硅太阳电池片的厚度通常在130-180μm,由于硅片本身机械强度较小,PN结和各种镀膜易受到恶劣环境的影响,为了增强太阳电池本身抵抗恶劣环境影响的能力,增加在各种环境的使用可靠性,需要对串并联的太阳电池组合进行封装保护。
硅异质结太阳电池是以晶体硅为基础,经过清洗制绒、在晶体硅正面第一受光面依次沉积本征非晶硅层和N型非晶硅层、在背面第二受光面依次沉积本征非晶硅层和P型非晶硅层、在第一受光面和第二受光面同时沉积透明导电氧化物(Transparent ConductiveOxide:TCO),最后在第一受光面和第二受光面,利用丝网印刷技术,采用热固型低温树脂浆料制备金属电极,得到硅异质结太阳电池。在硅异质结太阳电池中,由于非晶硅层内含有大量的氢键和硅悬挂键,可以很好地起到钝化晶体硅界面的作用,从而提升太阳电池的开路电压(VOC)和光电转换效率。硅异质结太阳电池的整个制备过程最高温度<250℃,非晶硅层沉积后高温将会破坏非晶硅的钝化效果,导致电池转换效率降低。对于硅异质结太阳电池,在小于200℃的条件下,对太阳电池施加1-60个太阳光照强度(suns)的光照,会显著改进非晶硅层对晶体硅界面的钝化效果,进一步提升太阳电池的转换效率,此过程被称为光浸润处理(light-soaking),光浸润处理通常在电池制备完成后马上进行。
在太阳电池组件制备过程中,需采用焊接方式进行电池片的串并联,焊接温度会达到180℃-350℃,如此高的焊接温度会影响非晶硅的微观结构,劣化异质结太阳电池的钝化效果;组件制备同时还会用到层压工艺,是在140℃-160℃的高温下,层压10min-20min,完成组件的层压封装,如此长时间的高温过程,同样对硅异质结太阳电池的转换效率产生不良影响。因此,如何减少焊接和层压高温对电池转换效率的影响,增加太阳能组件的输出功率已经成为目前太阳电池组件生产面临的一项现实问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:提供一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,通过采用LED光源作为层压加热源,在对组件进行层压的过程中同时完成对硅异质结电池片的高温下光注入处理,显著改善非晶硅对异质结太阳电池的钝化效果,提升太阳电池的转换效率,解决了因焊接和层压高温对太阳电池钝化效果和转换效率带来的劣化问题,从而增加太阳电池组件的输出功率,同时这种方式加热快,效率高,减少了能源损耗,还提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备硅异质结太阳能电池;
(2)将硅异质结太阳电池进行串并联形成硅异质结太阳电池串;
(3)铺设组件封装材料形成堆叠物,所述堆叠物从下到上依次是正面封装玻璃、封装胶膜、硅异质结太阳电池串、封装胶膜、背板或背面封装玻璃;
(4)将堆叠物放入层压机中,采用LED光源作为加热源进行层压制备组件,层压完成后得到硅异质结太阳电池组件。
作为优选,所述步骤(2)中的串并联方式包括焊接、导电胶粘结、导电胶膜粘结、smartwire和叠瓦串联。
作为优选,所述步骤(4)中的层压加热温度为100~200℃,层压时间10~40min。
作为优选,所述LED光源的光强为0.1~80KW/m2,即0.1~80个太阳光强。
作为优选,所述LED光源的光谱范围为200~2000nm,包括白光、红外光和紫外光。
作为优选,所述LED光源的加热方式为直接加热,具体为:将堆叠物放置在层压机的工作台面上,工作台面为高强度钢化玻璃,工作台面下方安装的LED光源发射的光穿过工作台面直接照射到堆叠物上,实现对堆叠物的直接加热。
作为优选,所述硅异质结太阳能电池包括正面为N型的硅异质结太阳电池和正面为P型的硅异质结太阳电池。
作为优选,所述正面封装玻璃或背面封装玻璃为钢化玻璃、半钢化玻璃或常规玻璃,所述正面封装玻璃或背面封装玻璃的厚度为0.2~4mm。
作为优选,所述封装胶膜的材质包括乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)和热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)中的至少一种。
作为优选,所述背板为白色背板、黑色背板或透明背板。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
1.现有技术中由于太阳电池组件制备过程中需要经历两次高温,高温焊接和高温层压,会导致硅异质结太阳电池中非晶硅的微观结构发生变化,氢含量降低,晶格有序度增加,从而减弱非晶硅对异质结太阳电池的钝化效果,降低电池转换效率,而本发明在层压过程中,采用LED光源作为层压加热源,在对组件进行层压的过程中同时完成对硅异质结电池片的高温下光注入处理,可以显著改善非晶硅对硅异质结太阳电池的钝化效果,提升太阳电池的转换效率,解决了因焊接和层压高温对太阳电池钝化效果和转换效率带来的劣化问题,从而增加太阳电池组件的输出功率。
2.现有技术中层压加热是通过加热工作台面底板,间接对组件进行加热,这种加热方式效率低,而本发明通过采用LED光源作为层压加热源,LED光源穿过钢化玻璃工作台面对组件进行直接加热,加热快,效率高,减少了能源损耗,提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本。
附图说明
本发明将通过例子并参照附图的方式说明,其中:
图1是本发明所述的硅异质结太阳电池的结构示意图;
图2是本发明所述的层压机的结构示意图。
图中标记为:1-金属栅线电极、2-TCO层、3-N型掺杂非晶硅层、4-本征非晶硅层、5-晶体硅、6-本征非晶硅、7-P型掺杂非晶硅层、8-TCO层、9-金属栅线电极。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备硅异质结太阳能电池;
所述硅异质结太阳电池包括正面为N型的硅异质结太阳电池和正面为P型的硅异质结太阳电池,正面为N型的硅异质结太阳电池从光入射的正面到背面依次为:正面金属栅线电极、透明导电氧化物(TCO)层、N型非晶硅层(n-α-Si:H)、本征非晶硅层(i-α-Si:H)、N型晶体硅(C-Si)、本征非晶硅层(i-α-Si:H)、P型非晶硅层(p-α-Si:H)、透明导电氧化物(TCO)层、背面金属栅线电极;正面为P型的硅异质结太阳电池与上述顺序相反,不再赘述,电池结构可参阅图1。
(2)将硅异质结太阳电池进行串并联形成硅异质结太阳电池串;
将硅异质结太阳电池进行焊接串并联,所述焊接可以采用手工焊接或红外机器焊接,焊接底板加热温度50-160℃,焊接温度150-250℃,时间1-5s。所述金属焊带为可以为常规锡铅焊带,也可以为锡铅铋、锡铋银、锡铋铟等低温合金涂层焊带,焊带形状为圆形、扁平、三角,但不限于该焊带形状。作为优选,电池焊接采用红外灯管机器焊接,焊接底板加热温度150℃,焊接温度200℃,时间2s,所采用的焊带为铜带包覆有锡铅铋低温合金的焊带,焊带熔点130-180℃。
(3)铺设组件封装材料形成堆叠物,所述堆叠物从下到上依次是正面封装玻璃、封装胶膜、硅异质结太阳电池串、封装胶膜、背板或背面封装玻璃;
铺设正面封装玻璃、封装胶膜,在封装胶膜上定位摆放硅异质结太阳电池串,并采用汇流条进行电池串的串并联,然后在硅异质结太阳电池串上依次铺放封装胶膜,背板或背面封装玻璃。
其中,正面封装玻璃或背面封装玻璃为钢化玻璃、半钢化玻璃或常规玻璃,所述正面封装玻璃或背面封装玻璃的厚度为0.2~4mm,玻璃可以具有压花镀膜超白特性或没有此特性;封装胶膜的材质包括乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)和热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)中的至少一种;背板为白色背板、黑色背板或透明背板。
(4)将堆叠物放入层压机中,采用LED光源作为加热源进行层压制备组件,层压完成后得到硅异质结太阳电池组件。
本实施例采用的层压机的工作台面采用高强度钢化玻璃,在钢化玻璃底下,安装多组LED光源,LED光源发射的光穿过钢化玻璃台面直接照射到光伏组件上,实现对组件的直接加热,层压机的结构可参阅图2。
层压工艺具体为:层压机上真空室真空,下真空室充气,LED光源关闭,开启上盖,电池组件堆叠物放置在工作台面上;关闭上盖,打开LED光源,对电池组件堆叠物进行加热,温度控制在150℃;对上真空室和下真空室进行抽真空,抽真空时间1-10min;对上真空室进行充气,下真空室保持真空状态,使上真空室对下真空室保持40-60KPa的压差,层压时间30min;对上真空室进行抽真空,对下真空室进行充气至大气压,关闭LED光源,开启上盖取出组件,完成电池组件的层压制备。其中,LED光源的光强为60个太阳光强,LED光源的采用白光。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,在步骤(1)硅异质结太阳电池制备完成后进行光注入,所述光注入为温度50-250℃、光强0.1-80个太阳光强、光照时间1-600s,光源光谱范围200-2000nm,LED光源采用白光、红外光、紫外光中的一种。此步骤可以改善在太阳电池制备过程中,非晶硅层对非晶硅钝化效果,提升太阳电池的转换效率。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,所述步骤(4)的层压工艺中:层压加热温度为控制在155℃,层压时间20min,同时采用的LED光源的光强为70个太阳光强,LED光源的采用红外光。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,所述步骤(4)的层压工艺中:层压加热温度为控制在160℃,层压时间40min,同时采用的LED光源的光强为80个太阳光强,LED光源的采用紫外光。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,所述步骤(4)的层压工艺中:层压加热温度为控制在100℃,层压时间15min,同时采用的LED光源的光强为40个太阳光强,LED光源的采用白光。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于,所述步骤(4)的层压工艺中:层压加热温度为控制在200℃,层压时间25min,同时采用的LED光源的光强为80个太阳光强,LED光源的采用白光。
表一是常规组件和本发明组件的电性能对比数据,试验对象均采用60版型组件,从表一可以看出,本发明的组件在进行了LED光源照射后,组件功率提升了约2W。
表一、常规组件和本发明组件的电性能对比数据
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备硅异质结太阳能电池;
(2)将硅异质结太阳电池进行串并联形成硅异质结太阳电池串;
(3)铺设组件封装材料形成堆叠物,所述堆叠物从下到上依次是正面封装玻璃、封装胶膜、硅异质结太阳电池串、封装胶膜、背板或背面封装玻璃;
(4)将堆叠物放入层压机中,采用LED光源作为加热源进行层压制备组件,层压完成后得到硅异质结太阳电池组件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的串并联方式包括焊接、导电胶粘结、导电胶膜粘结、smartwire和叠瓦串联。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中的层压加热温度为100~200℃,层压时间10~40min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,其特征在于,所述LED光源的光强为0.1~80KW/m2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,其特征在于,所述LED光源的光谱范围为200~2000nm,包括白光、红外光和紫外光。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,其特征在于,所述LED光源的加热方式为直接加热,具体为:将堆叠物放置在层压机的工作台面上,工作台面为高强度钢化玻璃,工作台面下方安装的LED光源发射的光穿过工作台面直接照射到堆叠物上,实现对堆叠物的直接加热。
7.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,其特征在于,所述硅异质结太阳能电池包括正面为N型的硅异质结太阳电池和正面为P型的硅异质结太阳电池。
8.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,其特征在于,所述正面封装玻璃或背面封装玻璃为钢化玻璃、半钢化玻璃或常规玻璃,所述正面封装玻璃或背面封装玻璃的厚度为0.2~4mm。
9.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,其特征在于,所述封装胶膜的材质包括乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物和热塑性聚烯烃中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的一种硅异质结太阳电池组件的制作方法,其特征在于,所述背板为白色背板、黑色背板或透明背板。
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