CN111704494B - Device and method for promoting agricultural waste fermentation by using high-voltage electrostatic field - Google Patents
Device and method for promoting agricultural waste fermentation by using high-voltage electrostatic field Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 title abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/30—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using irradiation, e.g. solar or nuclear radiation; using electric or magnetic fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/993—Arrangements for measuring process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure or humidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
An equipment for promoting agricultural waste fermentation by utilizing high-voltage electrostatic field, the fermentation tank body comprises an electrostatic field generating device and a fermentation temperature control device, the electrostatic field generating device comprises a center column, and the center of the tank body is provided with the center column coaxial with the center column; the cavity between the central column and the tank body forms a fermentation chamber for fermenting agricultural wastes; the center column is connected with an external controller; the tank body is connected with the external ground surface; the central column and the tank body are formed to serve as an inner electrode and an outer electrode in the electrostatic field generating device, and the fermentation chamber forms a high-voltage electrostatic field; the upper part and the lower part of the side wall of the fermentation tank are respectively provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a ventilation opening and a manhole which are communicated with the fermentation chamber; the inner wall of the fermentation chamber is provided with a sensor group for monitoring material characteristics. The fermentation equipment can effectively solve the problems of low fermentation rate of agricultural wastes, low product quality, high equipment cost for simply treating the fermentation of the agricultural wastes and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological compost fermentation, in particular to equipment and a method for promoting agricultural waste fermentation by using a high-voltage electrostatic field.
Background
Along with the progress of the times, the fermentation technology is continuously perfected and improved, and the improvement of the utilization rate of materials is more and more important. China is a large agricultural country, a large amount of agricultural wastes, especially waste of the tail vegetables, are formed each year, and the annual production amount of the agricultural wastes is estimated to be about 2.6 hundred million tons, if the agricultural wastes are stacked randomly without treatment, the waste of grain resources can be caused, and the agricultural wastes can be seriously polluted by random discarding, so that the recovery of the agricultural wastes through a biological method to produce fertilizer becomes an effective method in the treatment of the agricultural wastes. Traditional fermentation composting has large occupied area, lower fermentation efficiency and poor quality. However, for most of the existing fermentation equipment, if the agricultural waste treatment is directly applied on a large scale, the cost of composting is too high or the quality of composting is poor, so that the sales of the composting products are affected, and the quality of the composting products is relatively low and the working efficiency is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the defects of low efficiency and low utilization rate of the traditional composting fermentation method in the background art, firstly provides fermentation equipment with an electrostatic field generating device and a fermentation temperature control device for fermenting agricultural wastes, and secondly provides a method for fermenting the agricultural wastes by using the equipment.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an apparatus for promoting fermentation of agricultural waste by using high-voltage electrostatic field comprises a tank body of a fermentation tank, wherein the apparatus is used for fermentation treatment of agricultural waste; comprises an electrostatic field generating device and a fermentation temperature control device;
the electrostatic field generating device comprises a center column, and the center part of the tank body is provided with the center column coaxial with the center column; the cavity between the central column and the tank body forms a fermentation chamber for fermenting agricultural wastes; the central column is a solid metal main body, the tank body is a metal sleeve, and the central column is connected with an external controller through a wire body; the tank body is connected with the external ground surface through a wire body; the central column and the tank body are formed to serve as an inner electrode and an outer electrode in the electrostatic field generating device, and the fermentation chamber forms a high-voltage electrostatic field;
the fermentation temperature control device comprises a sensor group; the upper part and the lower part of the side wall of the fermentation tank are respectively provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a ventilation opening and a manhole which are communicated with the fermentation chamber; and a sensor group for monitoring material characteristics is arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation chamber.
Compared with the prior art, the agricultural waste fermentation equipment disclosed by the invention is additionally provided with the electrostatic field generating device on the basis of the existing fermentation equipment, and in the fermentation treatment process of the agricultural waste, the agricultural waste material is subjected to high-voltage electrostatic treatment by using a high-voltage electrostatic field in the early stage, so that the internal structure of the agricultural waste is changed, namely the activity of enzyme is improved, the subsequent fermentation efficiency and effect are further improved, and then the agricultural waste subjected to the high-voltage electrostatic treatment is subjected to the post-treatment of conventional composting fermentation.
As the preferable technical scheme, the outside of the tank body is sleeved with an insulating layer.
As a preferred solution, a coating layer for insulation is provided on the outer surface of the central column.
As a preferable technical scheme, the controller controls the high-voltage electrostatic field, including controlling the electrostatic field switch, controlling the electrostatic field operation time and controlling the electrostatic field intensity.
As an optimal technical scheme, the input voltage of the electrostatic field generating device is commercial power, and the output voltage is 10-100kV.
A method for fermenting agricultural waste by using fermentation equipment comprises the following specific steps,
s1, collecting agricultural waste, and crushing the agricultural waste;
s2, putting the agricultural waste treated in the step S1 into a fermentation chamber through a feeding port to perform composting fermentation treatment;
in the early stage of fermentation treatment, a switch of an electrostatic field generating device in a controller is turned on to ensure that materials in a fermentation chamber are subjected to electrostatic treatment in a high-voltage electrostatic field; the treatment voltage is 10-100kV;
s3, closing the electrostatic field generating device in the later fermentation treatment period, and continuously composting and fermenting the materials in the fermentation tank.
As the preferable technical scheme, the material characteristics are monitored in real time through a sensor group in the later fermentation treatment period, so that the water content of the material is kept at 50-60%, the oxygen concentration is kept at 8-16% and the temperature is kept at 45-65 ℃ in the fermentation process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
In the figure: the heat preservation sleeve 1, the tank body 2, the center column 3, the coating layer 4, the feed opening 5, the ventilation opening 6, the sensor group 7, the feed opening 8, the manhole 9 and the fermentation chamber 10.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
In the fermentation process of agricultural waste, a high-voltage electrostatic field generating device is additionally arranged in fermentation equipment, and the agricultural waste is firstly treated by utilizing the high-voltage electrostatic field in the early stage of fermentation, so that the content of free radicals is increased, the permeability of a biological film is increased, and the activity of enzyme is enhanced. The enhancement of enzyme activity is also related to the induction of enzyme synthesis upon electric field treatment. In the high-voltage electrostatic field treatment process, the directional arrangement of polar molecules such as proteins, sugar, lipid and the like and ions is caused under the action of an electric field, so that the conformation of enzyme containing metal ions is changed. The high-voltage electrostatic field can generate electroporation by changing the arrangement of cell membrane components, so that the permeability of the cell membrane is increased or transport proteins are activated, the absorption and transport of moisture, ions and the like are increased, enzymes in the metabolic process are activated, the metabolism of the cells is promoted, and the enzyme production capacity of the cells is improved. In general, as the high-voltage electrostatic field influences the active center of the enzyme, the ionic structure in the enzyme is changed during treatment, so that the stability of the enzyme is improved, the activity of the enzyme is influenced, and finally the utilization rate of agricultural waste raw materials and the composting efficiency are improved. In this example, the tail vegetables are described in detail as typical agricultural waste.
The tail vegetable material subjected to the pretreatment by the high-voltage electrostatic field and the tail vegetable material not subjected to the treatment by the high-voltage electrostatic field have obvious differences in fermentation period and fermentation product quality in the conventional composting fermentation treatment process of the tail vegetable material subjected to the later stage, and the enzyme production activity and the fermentation time are respectively compared according to the differences of the initial pH value, the fermentation temperature and the inoculation viable bacteria amount of the fermentation material, wherein the specific differences are shown in the attached tables 1-3:
table 1: the initial pH value is 4.7-5.1, the fermentation temperature is 24-36 ℃, and the inoculation living bacterial amount is 11-13
Table 2: the initial pH value is 3.0-6.2, the fermentation temperature is 30-32 ℃, and the inoculation living bacterial amount is 11-13
Table 3: the initial pH value is 4.7-5.1, the fermentation temperature is 30-32 ℃, and the inoculation living bacterial amount is 9-15
Therefore, aiming at different fermentation environments, the enzyme production activity and the fermentation time before and after the high-voltage electrostatic field is increased are obviously different, and the effect is good after the electric field is obviously applied.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the fermentation equipment disclosed by the invention is provided with a high-voltage electrostatic field generating device, and in the fermentation process of the tail vegetables, the high-voltage electrostatic field is simultaneously used for carrying out electrostatic treatment in the early stage, and conventional composting fermentation treatment is carried out after the electrostatic treatment. The fermentation equipment comprises a heat preservation sleeve 1, a tank body 2, a central column 3, a coating layer 4, a feeding hole 5, a ventilation opening 6, a sensor group 7, a discharging hole 8, a manhole 9 and a fermentation chamber 10. The equipment comprises an electrostatic field generating device and a fermentation temperature control device, and because the treatment method adopts high-voltage electrostatic field treatment, microorganisms required by fermentation of livestock manure can be damaged in the treatment process, the electrostatic treatment in the fermentation process disclosed by the application only aims at the tail vegetables and does not treat the livestock manure and the like.
The electrostatic field generating device is mainly used for performing pretreatment on the tail vegetables in the fermentation process of the tail vegetables. A central column coaxial with the tank body is arranged at the central part of the tank body; the cavity between the central column and the tank body forms a fermentation chamber for fermentation of the tail vegetables; the central column is a solid metal main body, the tank body is a metal sleeve, and the central column is connected with an external controller through a wire body; the tank body is connected with the external ground surface through a wire body; the central column and the tank body are formed to serve as an inner electrode and an outer electrode in the electrostatic field generating device, and the fermentation chamber forms a high-voltage electrostatic field.
As a preferred embodiment, the central column is made of a solid stainless steel column, the tank body is made of an aluminum plate, and the heat-insulating layer is made of a polystyrene foam plate with good heat-insulating effect and strong impact resistance as an outer wall so as to achieve the functions of heat insulation and protection of equipment. Aiming at the problems of electrification of the material electrostatic treatment product and the like, an insulating coating layer is arranged on the outer surface of the central column, polyformaldehyde is smeared on the inner electrode to be used as the coating layer, and the thickness of the coating layer is 5-6mm, so that the problem of electrification of the material electrostatic treatment product is solved. And when the field strength reaches 20kV/mm, the breakdown field strength of the polyoxymethylene can be achieved, and the polyoxymethylene cannot react with materials chemically. Therefore, the DC field voltage was selected to be 20kV.
The fermentation temperature control device comprises a sensor group; the upper and lower parts of the side wall of the fermentation tank are respectively provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a ventilation opening and a manhole which are communicated with the fermentation chamber, and the feeding hole, the discharging hole, the manhole and the like are made of organic glass. The inner wall of the fermentation chamber is provided with a sensor group for monitoring material characteristics, wherein the material characteristics comprise material temperature, water content, pH value and materialMaterial space CO 2 The content is as follows. The sensor group comprises a temperature sensor, an oxygen sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and a conductivity sensor so as to detect and control the activity of microorganisms in the fermentation process.
The outer side of the pre-fermentation chamber is provided with a switch and a control button for controlling the electrostatic field to be switched on and off. Including a button for controlling the switch of the electrostatic field, a button for controlling the operation time of the electrostatic field, and a button for controlling the intensity of the electrostatic field. The input voltage of the electrostatic field generating device is commercial power, and the output voltage is 10-100kV.
Because the coaxial fermentation chamber is selected in the patent, the inner electrode of the fermentation chamber is made of a material with good conductivity, so that the inner electrode of the fermentation chamber is made of a high-strength and strong-conductivity stainless steel material, aluminum has the advantages of high theoretical specific energy, low cost, large yield, large element reserve and the like, the energy density of metal aluminum is 8.2 W.h/g, the metal aluminum is inferior to that of metal lithium, the volume energy density is high, the crust abundance is large, and meanwhile, because the aluminum can be passivated in the air, compact and stable aluminum oxide is formed outside, further continuous oxidation of the aluminum oxide is effectively prevented, electrode materials are protected, the service life is prolonged, and the outer electrode is made of metal with extremely strong plasticity.
The method for fermenting the tail vegetables by using the fermentation equipment comprises the following specific steps of,
s1, collecting the tail vegetables, and crushing the tail vegetables;
s2, putting the tail vegetables treated in the step S1 into a fermentation chamber through a feeding port, and carrying out composting fermentation treatment;
in the early stage of fermentation treatment, a switch of an electrostatic field generating device in a controller is turned on, and electrostatic fields are controlled by a button for controlling the switch of the electrostatic fields, a button for controlling the operation time of the electrostatic fields and a button for controlling the intensity of the electrostatic fields, so that materials in a fermentation chamber are ensured to be in a high-voltage electrostatic field for electrostatic treatment; the treatment voltage is adjustable between 10 kV and 100kV, the treatment time is based on physical and chemical characteristics (including but not limited to conductivity, breakdown field strength, polarization characteristics, dielectric strength and the like) of materials, the characteristics and stress response of different strains to an electric field are adjusted, and the treatment time is generally 1-3 hours.
And S3, after the static treatment is finished, closing the electrostatic field generating device, and further fermenting the treated material in the fermentation tank, wherein the activity of microorganisms is controlled through the temperature sensor, the oxygen sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor and the conductivity sensor. During fermentation, the water content is kept between 50% and 60%, the oxygen concentration is kept between 8% and 16%, when the oxygen concentration is lower than the value, ventilation is adopted to supplement oxygen, and the temperature is measured by a temperature sensor and is kept between 45 ℃ and 65 ℃. Ventilating in good time according to the measured value of the sensor in the fermentation process, sampling and testing every day at regular time until the decomposition is completed, and detecting the fertility of the decomposed product of the tail vegetables by the conductivity sensor so as to improve the quality of the product.
Because the potential wave voltage pulse amplitude of the tail vegetables is adjustable between 0 and 20kV, the tail vegetables are fermented in the range for pretreatment, the subsequent fermentation efficiency and composting quality of the tail vegetables are improved, and the tail vegetables are subjected to high-voltage electrostatic treatment in a fermentation tank, so that the enzyme activity is improved, and the composting efficiency is further accelerated.
Claims (2)
1. A method for promoting fermentation of the tail vegetables by utilizing high-voltage electrostatic field comprises a tank body of a fermentation tank, and is characterized in that the device is used for the pretreatment in the fermentation process of the tail vegetables and comprises an electrostatic field generating device and a fermentation temperature control device;
the electrostatic field generating device is mainly used for performing pretreatment on the tail vegetables in the fermentation process of the tail vegetables;
the electrostatic field generating device comprises a center column, and the center part of the tank body is provided with the center column coaxial with the center column; the cavity between the central column and the tank body forms a fermentation chamber for fermentation of the tail vegetables; the central column is a solid metal main body, the tank body is a metal sleeve, and the central column is connected with an external controller through a wire body; the tank body is connected with the external ground surface through a wire body; the central column and the tank body are formed to serve as an inner electrode and an outer electrode in the electrostatic field generating device, and the fermentation chamber forms a high-voltage electrostatic field;
the fermentation temperature control device comprises a sensor group; the upper part and the lower part of the side wall of the fermentation tank are respectively provided with a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a ventilation opening and a manhole which are communicated with the fermentation chamber; a sensor group for monitoring material characteristics is arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation chamber;
the outside of the tank body is sleeved with an insulating layer;
a coating layer for insulation is arranged on the outer surface of the central column; the central column is made of a solid stainless steel column and the tank body is made of an aluminum plate;
the input voltage of the electrostatic field generating device is commercial power, and the output voltage is 10-100kV;
the fermentation method comprises the following specific steps of,
s1, collecting the tail vegetables, and crushing the tail vegetables;
s2, putting the tail vegetables treated in the step S1 into a fermentation chamber through a feeding port, and carrying out composting fermentation treatment;
in the early stage of fermentation treatment, a switch of an electrostatic field generating device in a controller is turned on to ensure that materials in a fermentation chamber are subjected to electrostatic treatment in a high-voltage electrostatic field; the treatment voltage is 10-100kV; the treatment time is 1-3 hours;
s3, closing the electrostatic field generating device in the later fermentation treatment period, and continuously composting and fermenting the materials in the fermentation tank; the characteristics of the materials are monitored in real time through the sensor group, so that the water content of the materials is kept at 50% -60%, the oxygen concentration is kept at 8% -16% and the temperature is kept at 45 ℃ -65 ℃ in the fermentation process.
2. The method for promoting fermentation of the tail vegetables by using the high-voltage electrostatic field according to claim 1, wherein the controller controls the high-voltage electrostatic field, including controlling an electrostatic field switch, controlling an electrostatic field operation time, and controlling an electrostatic field intensity.
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Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH09132490A (en) * | 1995-11-10 | 1997-05-20 | Hitachi Ltd | Organic matter treating device |
| RU146975U1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-10-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный университет пищевых производств" | DEVICE FOR INTENSIFICATION OF ALCOHOL fermentation |
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