CN111704494A - Equipment and method for promoting fermentation of agricultural wastes by using high-voltage electrostatic field - Google Patents
Equipment and method for promoting fermentation of agricultural wastes by using high-voltage electrostatic field Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/30—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using irradiation, e.g. solar or nuclear radiation; using electric or magnetic fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/993—Arrangements for measuring process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure or humidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
An apparatus for promoting agricultural waste fermentation by using high-voltage electrostatic field, wherein a fermentation tank body comprises an electrostatic field generating device and a fermentation temperature control device, the electrostatic field generating device comprises a central column, and the central column is coaxial with the central column; a cavity between the central column and the tank body forms a fermentation chamber for fermenting agricultural wastes; the central column is connected with an external controller; the tank body is connected with the external earth surface; the central column and the tank body form an inner electrode and an outer electrode which are used as an electrostatic field generating device, and the fermentation chamber forms a high-voltage electrostatic field; the upper part and the lower part of the side wall of the fermentation tank are respectively provided with a feeding port, a discharging port, a ventilation opening and a manhole which are communicated with the fermentation chamber; and a sensor group for monitoring material characteristics is arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation chamber. The fermentation equipment can effectively solve the problems of low fermentation rate of agricultural wastes, low product quality, high equipment cost for simply treating the fermentation of the agricultural wastes and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological compost fermentation, in particular to equipment and a method for promoting agricultural waste fermentation by using a high-voltage electrostatic field.
Background
With the progress of the times, the fermentation technology is continuously perfected and improved, and the improvement of the utilization rate of materials is more and more important. China is a big agricultural country, a large amount of agricultural wastes, particularly waste of tailstocks, are generated every year, and the estimated annual agricultural waste production in China is about 2.6 hundred million tons, the waste agricultural wastes can cause waste of grain resources if the waste agricultural wastes are randomly stacked without treatment, and the agricultural wastes can cause serious pollution if the waste agricultural wastes are randomly discarded, so that the agricultural wastes are recycled by a biological method to generate fertilizers, and the method becomes an effective method for treating the agricultural wastes. The traditional fermented compost has large floor area, lower fermentation efficiency and poor quality. For most of the fermentation equipments existing today, if the agricultural waste treatment is directly applied in large scale, there are major defects, such as too high composting cost or poor composting quality affecting the sale of compost products, resulting in relatively low product quality and low working efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the defects of low efficiency and low utilization rate of the traditional compost fermentation method in the background technology, and provides a fermentation device with an electrostatic field generating device and a fermentation temperature control device for fermentation treatment of agricultural wastes, and a method for fermenting the agricultural wastes by using the device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an apparatus for promoting fermentation of agricultural wastes by using a high-voltage electrostatic field, comprising a tank body of a fermentation tank, the apparatus being used for fermentation treatment of agricultural wastes; comprises an electrostatic field generating device and a fermentation temperature control device;
the electrostatic field generating device comprises a central column, and the central part of the tank body is provided with the central column which is coaxial with the central column; a cavity between the central column and the tank body forms a fermentation chamber for fermenting agricultural wastes; the central column is a solid metal main body, the tank body is a metal sleeve, and the central column is connected with an external controller through a wire body; the tank body is connected with the external earth surface through a line body; the central column and the tank body form an inner electrode and an outer electrode which are used as an electrostatic field generating device, and the fermentation chamber forms a high-voltage electrostatic field;
the fermentation temperature control device comprises a sensor group; the upper part and the lower part of the side wall of the fermentation tank are respectively provided with a feeding port, a discharging port, a ventilation opening and a manhole which are communicated with the fermentation chamber; and a sensor group for monitoring material characteristics is arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation chamber.
Compared with the prior art, the agricultural waste fermentation equipment disclosed by the invention is additionally provided with the electrostatic field generating device on the basis of the existing fermentation equipment, in the fermentation treatment process of the agricultural waste, the high-voltage electrostatic field is firstly used for carrying out high-voltage electrostatic treatment on the agricultural waste materials in the earlier stage, so that the internal structure of the agricultural waste is changed, namely the activity of enzyme is improved, the subsequent fermentation efficiency and effect are further improved, and then the post-treatment of conventional compost fermentation is carried out on the agricultural waste after the high-voltage electrostatic treatment.
As the preferred technical scheme, the outside cover of jar body is equipped with the heat preservation.
As a preferred technical scheme, a coating layer for insulation is arranged on the outer surface of the central column.
As a preferred technical solution, the controller controls the high-voltage electrostatic field, including controlling an electrostatic field switch, controlling an electrostatic field operation time, and controlling an electrostatic field intensity.
As a preferable technical scheme, the input voltage of the electrostatic field generating device is commercial power, and the output voltage is 10-100 kV.
A method for fermenting agricultural wastes by utilizing fermentation equipment comprises the following specific steps,
s1, collecting the agricultural wastes, and crushing the agricultural wastes;
s2, putting the agricultural wastes processed in the S1 mode into a fermentation chamber through a feeding hole, and carrying out composting fermentation treatment;
in the early stage of fermentation treatment, a switch of an electrostatic field generating device in a controller is turned on to ensure that materials in a fermentation chamber are in a high-voltage electrostatic field for electrostatic treatment; the processing voltage is 10-100 kV;
and S3, closing the electrostatic field generating device at the later stage of fermentation treatment, and continuously carrying out compost fermentation on the materials in the fermentation tank.
As an optimal technical scheme, in the later stage of fermentation treatment, the characteristics of the materials are monitored in real time through a sensor group, so that the moisture content of the materials is kept between 50 and 60 percent, the oxygen concentration is kept between 8 and 16 percent and the temperature is kept between 45 and 65 ℃ in the fermentation process of China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
In the figure: insulating sleeve 1, jar body 2, center post 3, coating 4, material loading mouth 5, vent 6, sensor group 7, feed opening 8, manhole 9, fermentation chamber 10.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.
In the fermentation process of the agricultural wastes, a high-voltage electrostatic field generating device is additionally arranged in the fermentation equipment, and the high-voltage electrostatic field is firstly utilized to treat the agricultural wastes in the early stage of fermentation of the agricultural wastes so as to increase the content of free radicals, thereby increasing the permeability of a biological membrane and enhancing the activity of enzyme. The enhancement of the enzyme activity is also associated with the induction of enzyme synthesis upon treatment with an electric field. In the process of high-voltage electrostatic field treatment, under the action of an electric field, the directional arrangement of polar molecules such as proteins, sugars, lipids and the like and ions is caused, so that the conformation of the enzyme containing metal ions is changed. The high-voltage electrostatic field can generate electroporation by changing the component arrangement of the cell membrane, thereby increasing the permeability of the cell membrane or activating transport protein, increasing the absorption and transport of the cell membrane to moisture, ions and the like, activating enzymes in the metabolic process, promoting the cell metabolism and improving the enzyme production capacity of the cell membrane. Generally speaking, because the high-voltage electrostatic field influences the active center of the enzyme, the internal ionic structure of the enzyme is changed during treatment, so that the stability of the enzyme is improved, the activity of the enzyme is influenced, and finally the utilization rate of agricultural waste raw materials and the composting efficiency are improved. In this example, the waste vegetables are described in detail as typical agricultural waste.
The waste vegetable materials which are processed in the early stage by the high-voltage electrostatic field and the waste vegetable materials which are not processed by the high-voltage electrostatic field are obviously different in fermentation period and fermentation product quality in the conventional compost fermentation processing process in the later stage, and the comparison of enzyme production activity and fermentation time is respectively carried out according to the difference of the initial pH value, the fermentation temperature and the inoculation bacterial quantity of the fermentation materials, and the specific difference is shown in the attached table 1-3:
table 1: initial pH value of 4.7-5.1, fermentation temperature of 24-36 deg.C, inoculation viable bacteria amount of 11-13
Table 2: initial pH value of 3.0-6.2, fermentation temperature of 30-32 deg.C, inoculation viable bacteria amount of 11-13
Table 3: initial pH value of 4.7-5.1, fermentation temperature of 30-32 deg.C, inoculation viable bacteria amount of 9-15
Therefore, the enzyme production activity and the fermentation time before and after the high-voltage electrostatic field is increased are obviously different according to different fermentation environments, and the effect is good after the electric field is obviously added.
Referring to the attached drawings 1-2, the fermentation equipment disclosed by the invention is provided with a high-voltage electrostatic field generating device, and during the fermentation process of the waste vegetables, the high-voltage electrostatic field is used for carrying out electrostatic treatment at the early stage, and after the electrostatic treatment, the conventional composting fermentation treatment is carried out. The fermentation equipment comprises a heat insulation sleeve 1, a tank body 2, a central column 3, a coating layer 4, a feeding port 5, a ventilation port 6, a sensor group 7, a discharging port 8, a manhole 9 and a fermentation chamber 10. The equipment comprises an electrostatic field generating device and a fermentation temperature control device, and because the treatment method adopts a high-voltage electrostatic field for treatment, microorganisms required by fermentation of the livestock manure can be damaged in the treatment process, so that the electrostatic treatment in the fermentation process disclosed by the application only treats the waste vegetables, and the livestock manure and the like are not treated.
The electrostatic field generating device is mainly used for carrying out pretreatment on the waste vegetables in the fermentation process of the waste vegetables. A central column coaxial with the tank body is arranged at the central part of the tank body; a cavity between the central column and the tank body forms a fermentation chamber for fermenting the waste vegetables; the central column is a solid metal main body, the tank body is a metal sleeve, and the central column is connected with an external controller through a wire body; the tank body is connected with the external earth surface through a line body; the central column and the tank body form an inner electrode and an outer electrode which are used as an electrostatic field generating device, and the fermentation chamber forms a high-voltage electrostatic field.
As a preferred embodiment, the central column adopts solid stainless steel post, and the jar body adopts aluminum plate to make, and the heat preservation adopts the polystyrene cystosepiment that keeps warm effectually, shock resistance is strong as the outer wall to reach the effect of heat preservation and protection equipment. Aiming at the problems of electrification of the electrostatic treatment product of the material and the like, an insulating coating layer is arranged on the outer surface of the central column, polyformaldehyde is coated on the inner electrode to serve as the coating layer, and the thickness of the coating layer is 5-6mm, so that the problem of electrification of the electrostatic treatment product of the material is solved. And when the field intensity reaches 20kV/mm, the breakdown field intensity of polyformaldehyde can be reached, and no chemical reaction can be generated with materials. Therefore, the dc electric field voltage was selected to be 20 kV.
The fermentation temperature control device comprises a sensor group; the upper and lower parts of the side wall of the fermentation tank are respectively provided with a feeding port, a blanking port, a ventilation opening and a manhole which are communicated with the fermentation chamber, and organic glass is selected and used for the feeding port, the blanking port, the manhole and the like. A sensor group for monitoring material characteristics is arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation chamber, and the material characteristics comprise material temperature, water content, pH value and material space CO2And (4) content. The sensor group comprises a temperature sensor, an oxygen sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and a conductivity sensor to detect and control the activity of microorganisms in the fermentation process.
The outside of the pre-fermentation chamber is provided with a switch and a control button for controlling the on-off of the electrostatic field. The device comprises a button for controlling an electrostatic field switch, a button for controlling the operation time of the electrostatic field and a button for controlling the intensity of the electrostatic field. The input voltage of the electrostatic field generating device is commercial power, and the output voltage is 10-100 kV.
Because the coaxial fermentation chamber is selected, and the inner electrode of the pre-fermentation chamber is made of a material with good conductivity, the inner electrode of the pre-fermentation chamber is made of a high-strength and strong-conductivity stainless steel material, aluminum has the advantages of high theoretical specific energy, low cost, high yield, high element storage capacity and the like, the energy density of metal aluminum is 8.2 W.h/g, which is second only to metal lithium, the volume energy density is high, and the earth crust abundance is high.
The method for fermenting the tailed vegetable by utilizing the fermentation equipment comprises the following specific steps,
s1, collecting the waste vegetables, and crushing the waste vegetables;
s2, putting the tailed vegetable processed in the step S1 into a fermentation chamber through a feeding hole, and performing composting fermentation treatment;
in the early stage of fermentation treatment, a switch of an electrostatic field generating device in a controller is turned on, and a button for controlling the electrostatic field switch, a button for controlling the operation time of the electrostatic field and a button for controlling the intensity of the electrostatic field are used for controlling the electrostatic field, so that the materials in a fermentation chamber are ensured to be in a high-voltage electrostatic field for electrostatic treatment; the processing voltage is adjustable between 10 kV and 100kV, the processing time is adjusted based on the physicochemical properties (physical and chemical properties including but not limited to conductivity, breakdown field strength, polarization property, dielectric strength and the like) of materials, the properties and the stress response of different strains to an electric field, and the general processing time is 1-3 hours.
And S3, after the electrostatic treatment is finished, closing the electrostatic field generating device, further fermenting the treated materials in the fermentation tank, and controlling the activity of the microorganisms through a temperature sensor, an oxygen sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and a conductivity sensor. During fermentation, the water content is kept between 50% and 60%, the oxygen concentration is kept between 8% and 16%, when the oxygen concentration is lower than the value, a ventilation method is adopted to supplement oxygen, the temperature is measured through a temperature sensor, and the temperature is kept between 45 ℃ and 65 ℃. Ventilating timely according to the measured value of the sensor in the fermentation process, sampling and testing regularly every day until the decomposition is completed, and detecting the fertility of the decomposed product of the tail vegetables through the conductivity sensor so as to improve the product quality.
Since the pulse amplitude of potential wave voltage of the tail vegetables is adjustable to be 0-20 kV, the early-stage treatment is carried out on the fermentation of the tail vegetables in the range, the subsequent fermentation efficiency and the composting quality of the tail vegetables are improved, and the high-voltage electrostatic treatment is carried out on the tail vegetables in a fermentation tank, so that the activity of enzyme is improved, and the composting efficiency is further accelerated.
Claims (7)
1. An apparatus for promoting fermentation of agricultural wastes by using a high-voltage electrostatic field, which comprises a tank body of a fermentation tank, and is characterized in that the apparatus is used for fermentation treatment of the agricultural wastes; comprises an electrostatic field generating device and a fermentation temperature control device;
the electrostatic field generating device comprises a central column, and the central part of the tank body is provided with the central column which is coaxial with the central column; a cavity between the central column and the tank body forms a fermentation chamber for fermenting agricultural wastes; the central column is a solid metal main body, the tank body is a metal sleeve, and the central column is connected with an external controller through a wire body; the tank body is connected with the external earth surface through a line body; the central column and the tank body form an inner electrode and an outer electrode which are used as an electrostatic field generating device, and the fermentation chamber forms a high-voltage electrostatic field;
the fermentation temperature control device comprises a sensor group; the upper part and the lower part of the side wall of the fermentation tank are respectively provided with a feeding port, a discharging port, a ventilation opening and a manhole which are communicated with the fermentation chamber; and a sensor group for monitoring material characteristics is arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation chamber.
2. The apparatus for accelerating fermentation of agricultural wastes using a high voltage electrostatic field according to claim 1, wherein an insulating layer is attached to the outside of the tank body.
3. The apparatus for accelerating fermentation of agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein a coating layer for insulation is provided on the outer surface of the center pole.
4. The apparatus for accelerating fermentation of agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the controller controls the high voltage electrostatic field, including controlling an electrostatic field switch, controlling an operation time of the electrostatic field, and controlling an intensity of the electrostatic field.
5. The apparatus for promoting fermentation of agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the input voltage of the electrostatic field generator is commercial power, and the output voltage is 10-100 kV.
6. A method for fermentation of agricultural waste using a fermentation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the specific steps are as follows,
s1, collecting the agricultural wastes, and crushing the agricultural wastes;
s2, putting the agricultural wastes processed in the S1 mode into a fermentation chamber through a feeding hole, and carrying out composting fermentation treatment;
in the early stage of fermentation treatment, a switch of an electrostatic field generating device in a controller is turned on to ensure that materials in a fermentation chamber are in a high-voltage electrostatic field for electrostatic treatment; the processing voltage is 10-100 kV;
and S3, closing the electrostatic field generating device at the later stage of fermentation treatment, and continuously carrying out compost fermentation on the materials in the fermentation tank.
7. The agricultural waste fermentation method according to claim 6, wherein in the later stage of fermentation treatment, the characteristics of the material are monitored in real time through a sensor group, so that the water content of the material is kept between 50 and 60 percent, the oxygen concentration is kept between 8 and 16 percent, and the temperature is kept between 45 and 65 ℃ in the fermentation process of China.
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| CN112608839A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-06 | 江苏大学 | Method for promoting yeast growth based on electrostatic field fermentation tank |
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| CN203923034U (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-11-05 | 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of fermentation unit for feces of livestock and poultry quick composting |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112608839A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-06 | 江苏大学 | Method for promoting yeast growth based on electrostatic field fermentation tank |
| CN112608839B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2024-04-09 | 江苏大学 | Method for promoting yeast growth based on electrostatic field fermentation tank |
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